Lightwave and millimeter wave optoelectronic computing with the sub-1nm microwave photonic CMOS technology - circuit design considerations suitable for nano wireless ultra-large-scale integration

Traditionally, CMOS is not considered a light emitting device. Similar to laser or LED, and microwave devices, Photonic Millimeter Wave CMOS transistors are both light as well as microwave emitting devices. Hundreds of billions or trillions of metal wires in an ULSI circuit may be eliminated by the microwave photonic CMOS technology. The metals connecting the CMOS blocks are superseded by microwaves and light waves. Microwaves can replace multiple levels of metalized interconnects. This traditional multiple levels of mentalization cause severe delays and lots of heat. Wireless Ultra Large Scale Integration stands for using microwaves and light waves from microwave photonic CMOS to replace the metal wires in an ULSI.