Sign In
View Cart (
0
)
Help
About
About the Society
Community Support
Advocacy
Get Involved
International Day of Light
Awards
Press Room
Jobs at SPIE
Other SPIE Sites
optics.org
SPIEDigitalLibrary.org
SPIECareerCenter.org
Resources
Profiles
SPIE Logos
SPIE Clothing and Gifts
Conferences + Exhibitions
Conferences + Exhibitions Calendar
Exhibitions Only
SPIE.Online
Open Calls for Papers
Past Event Archives
Top 5 Conferences
SPIE Photonics West
SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing
SPIE Optics + Photonics
SPIE Medical Imaging
SPIE Advanced Lithography
Publications
Conference Proceedings
SPIE Journals
SPIE Digital Library
Books
Open Access
Information for Authors
Books
Journals
Conference Proceedings
Reprint Permissions
Membership
Explore Membership
Fellows
Senior Members
Early Career Members
Students
BACUS Group
Student Services
Early Career Resources
Corporate Membership
Industry Resources
Marketing
Become an Exhibitor
Sponsorships & Advertising
Information
Market Intelligence
Technical Information
Recruiting
Industry Events
Prism Awards
Startup Challenge
Exhibitor Database
Photonics Clusters
Education
Find a Course
Courses at Conferences
Online Courses
Course Recordings
In-Company Training
Education Outreach Resources
Technician Resources
ABET
Information For:
SPIE Instructors
Courses Attendees
News
The leading event for the global lithography community.
Join academics, scientists, and engineers sharing latest research in optics and photonics.
The leading event for the photonics and laser communities.
Your vote is important: help shape the future of your society.
The leading event for the global lithography community.
Join academics, scientists, and engineers sharing latest research in optics and photonics.
LATEST SPIE NEWS + STORIES
Computing and optics team up over metasurfaces
Technology
Hot ring produces microwave-powered ultrasound pulses wirelessly
Publications
,
Technology
SPIE announces public policy webinar series with monthly updates and discussions
Press Releases
Read the full statement from SPIE
Press Releases
Stories of Pride: Jefferson Dixon
Community
SPIE and ICFO announce $1 million endowed diversity-focused chair at ICFO
Press Releases
Read the letter from Kent Rochford
Community
Executive order suspends work and student visas in the United States
Press Releases
Innovative smartphone-camera adaptation images melanoma and non-melanoma
Press Releases
More News
PREMIUM CONTENT
Sign in to read the full article
Create a free SPIE account to get access to
premium articles and original research
Sign in to your account
Create an SPIE account
Email or Username
Forgot your username?
Password
Forgot your password?
Keep me signed in
Sign In / Returning Customer
Email or Username
Forgot username?
Password
Forgot password?
Show
Keep me signed in
