Pre- and post-launch operation of the soft x-ray spectrometer Resolve on board the XRISM satellite

Resolve is the instrument that utilizes an X-ray micro-calorimeter array onboard the XRISM (X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission), which was launched on September 6 (UT), 2023. It fully met the spectral performance requirement (7 eV at 6 keV) both on the ground and in orbit and was confirmed to have the same performance as the SXS onboard the ASTRO-H (Hitomi) satellite. The detectors are operated at a low temperature of 50 mK to achieve the required energy resolution with the cooling system to satisfy the lifetime requirement of over 3 years. The cooling system is equipped with a 3-stage ADR and superfluid liquid He (LHe) as the heat sink for the ADR. The Joule-Thomson cooler unit and 2-stage Stirling cooler units are adopted to reduce heat load to the LHe. In the pre-launch operations, we carried out the low-temperature LHe top-off operation. The resultant amount of liquid He was over 35 L at the launch, which is sufficient to meet the lifetime requirement. During the post-launch operation, the LHe vent valve was opened five minutes after launch during the rocket acceleration, and the cryocoolers started in several revolutions as planned which established stable cooling of the dewar.