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Field Guide to Adaptive Optics, Second EditionFormat | Member Price | Non-Member Price |
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Pages: 142
ISBN: 9780819490179
Volume: FG24
- Glossary
- Introduction
- Conventional Adaptive Optics System
- Image Spread with Atmospheric Turbulence
- The Principle of Phase Conjugation
- Point Spread Function for an Astronomical Telescope
- Modeling the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence
- Fried's Coherence Length
- Isoplanatic Angle
- Kolmogorov Model
- Atmospheric Turbulence Models
- Coherence Length for Various Wavelengths and Turbulence Models
- Greenwood Frequency
- Wind Models
- Scintillation
- Zernike Polynomials
- Legendre Polynomials
- Angle of Arrival (Tilt) Fluctuations (Image Motion)
- Modulation Transfer Function
- Beam Propagation
- System Performance Estimation
- Modal and Zonal Fitting Error
- Wavefront Sensors
- Partial Correction
- Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor and Error
- Shack-Hartmann Lenslet Array Selection
- Curvature Wavefront Sensor and Error
- Pyramid Wavefront Sensor and Error
- Deformable Mirrors
- Photodiodes
- Photodiode Noise
- Lateral-Effect Position-Sensing Detectors
- Quad Cells
- Noise Equivalent Angle
- The Strehl Ratio: Laser-Beam Propagation to the Far Field with Wavefront Error
- Strehl Ratio
- Laser "Brightness"
- Laser Beam Quality
- Astronomical "Brightness"
- Spot Size for a Gaussian Beam
- Spot Size for a Uniform Circular Aperture
- Temporal Error
- Focal Anisoplanatism (the "Cone Effect")
- Laser Guide Stars
- Subsystem Requirements: The Wavefront Sensor
- Angular Isoplanatic Error
- Subsystem Requirements: Tilt Mirror
- Subsystem Requirements: How many actuators? Zonal or Modal Control
- Subsystem Requirements: Deformable Mirror
- Deformable Mirror Actuator Configurations
- Ferroelectric Actuators
- Electrostatic Actuators
- Voice Coil Actuators
- Deformable Mirror Influence Function Models
- Bimorph and MEMS Mirrors
- Segmented Deformable Mirrors
- Control and Reconstruction
- Actuator and Wavefront Sensor Layouts
- Correctability and Flattening of a Deformable Mirror
- Adaptive Optics System Feedback Configuration
- Deformable Mirror Dynamic Model
- Controller Dynamic Model
- Wavefront Sensor Dynamic Model
- Latency
- One-Dimensional Sampling
- Two-Dimensional Sampling
- Temporal Sampling Rate Selection
- System Stability
- General Control-System Parameters
- Sensitivity Functions
- Bandwidth Estimation from Controller Gains
- Poke Matrix
- Example System Geometry
- Singular-Value Decomposition of the Poke Matrix
- Actuator and Subaperture Observability
- Identification of Actuator Locations
- Poke Matrix Smoothing
- Actuator Slaving: Active Actuator Identification
- Actuator Slaving: Slave Logic
- Adding Slaving into the Reconstructor
- Tilt Removal
- Piston and Waffle Removal
- Reconstructor Generation: Least Squares
- Reconstructor Generation: Regularization
- T-Filter
- Modal Suppression
- Interactuator Shear Suppression
- Nullspace Suppression
- Weighting Matrices
- Modal Feedback
- Reconstructor Generation: Procedure
- Reconstructor Comparison
- Slope Discrepancy
- Offloads and Woofer-Tweeter Systems
- Open-Loop Wavefront Estimation
- Kalman Filtering
- Multivariable System Performance
- Disturbance Injection
- Wavefront Sensor Calibration
- Centroiding and Thresholding
- Misregistration
- Subaperture Spillover
- Equation Summary
- Bibliography
- Index
There have been a number of books and thousands of papers published with descriptions and mathematical expressions regarding adaptive optics. The material in this Field Guide is a summary of the methods for determining the requirements of an adaptive optics system, the performance of the system, and requirements for the components of the system. This second edition has a greatly expanded presentation of adaptive optics control system design and operation. Discussions of control models are accompanied by various recommendations for implementing the algorithms in hardware.
This book is not just another book on adaptive optics. There are already many fine volumes. This volume is intended for students, researchers, and practicing engineers who want a "go to" book when the calculation was "needed yesterday" (by a customer who won't be paying for it until the next fiscal year).
Many of the expressions are in the form of integrals. When that is the case, we show the results graphically for a variety of practical values. Some of the material in this volume duplicates similar expressions found in other volumes of the Field Guide series. We have attempted to remain consistent with symbols of the other volumes. In some cases, however, we chose different symbols because they are well known within the adaptive optics literature.
Descriptions of the operation of subsystems and components and specific engineering aspects remain in the citations of the Bibliography.
This Field Guide is dedicated to the late Horace Babcock, whose pioneering ideas created the field of adaptive optics.
Robert K. Tyson
Benjamin W. Frazier
April 2012
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