Show all abstracts
View Session
- Front Matter: Volume 7514
- Fiber Optic Communication and Sensors
Front Matter: Volume 7514
Front Matter: Volume 7514
Show abstract
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7514, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.
Fiber Optic Communication and Sensors
A FBG-based, temperature-insensitive vibration sensor
Show abstract
In this paper, a novel temperature-insensitive vibration sensor based on a FBG is demonstrated. The FBG is glued in a
slanted direction onto the lateral side of a right-angled triangle cantilever beam with an eccentric gear installed on its free
end. Vertical vibration applied by the eccentric gear to the cantilever beam leads to a uniform bending along the beam
length. As a result, the FBG is chirped and its reflection bandwidth and power change periodically with the variation of
the displacement of the free end. The experimental results were compared with the data of vibration measurement of a
conventional electrical strain sensor. Furthermore, this sensor is temperature insensitive, owning to the temperatureindependence
nature of reflection bandwidth and power of the FBG.
A high sensitivity and large dynamic input range O-E-O optical wavelength converter for hybrid PONs
Show abstract
Optical access networks are developing to be large bandwidth, high capacity and long distance. The Hybrid Passive
Optical Networks (HPONs) using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) technology and Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM) technology are becoming representative technologies that will be employed in the next generation
access network. A novel scheme of HPON system architecture based on the wavelength conversion technology is
presented. The advantages and disadvantages of a variety of wavelength conversion technologies are contrastively
analyzed, and a novel 1.25Gbps burst-mode Optical-Electrical-Optical Wavelength Converter (BM-OEOWC) used in
the uplink channel of this HPON system is realized and designed. The receiver sensitivity of this Optical Wavelength
Converter reaches -30dBm, and the dynamic range of the input optical power reaches up to 20dB. Theoretical analysis is
presented to explain why Bit Error Rate (BER) would obviously increase if more ONUs are attached to this converter.
An improved scheme is proposed at last.
A method of events discriminant in fiber-optic network perimeter protection alarm system
Feng Cao,
Deming Liu,
Qizhen Sun,
et al.
Show abstract
This page introduced the general method of sensing signal analysis in fiber-optic network
sensor system, and did a detailed analysis of fiber-optic sensor network signal characteristics which be
applied to the perimeter protection alarm system. The author proposed a method of events
discrimination with adaptive learning function in the alarm system. After experimental analysis and the
practical application, the method can accurately report the abnormal invasion events, and achieve zero
false positives.
A novel single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber coupler
Show abstract
A vectorial finite element method is adopted to investigate this novel single-mode single-polarization (SPSM) photonic
crystal fiber coupler which has asymmetric dual-core and two lines of enlarged air holes. we demonstrate that the SPSM
region of the designed fiber can be more than 250nm wide for a set of optimized air-hole parameters and show that the
width of the SPSM region could change slightly by little adjustment of the large inner air holes. The coupling length
between the odd and even x-polarization modes are also investigated through fine-tuning the large and small air-hole
diameters.
A ratio method of FCG demodulation on strain measurement
Show abstract
To use FCG (Fiber Chirp Grating) as intensity demodulating sensor, the environmental interference should be
eliminated, a method of signal ratio is used. Three FCGs and paired fibers are used in strain measurement, two FCGs are
connected in series with the first fiber, one acts as a tensive sensor, the other acts as a compressive sensor. The third
FCG is alone connected with the second fiber and acts as a reference. Sensing FCGs' intensity output is divided by
reference's. Although the level of interference was put as high as the level of load, the ratio is still of good responsibility
with the stress, and is of good linearity, and the maximum error in full range is 1.5%.
An adaptive low complexity and high performance BLAST detection algorithm
Desheng Wang,
Jie Fu,
Guangxi Zhu,
et al.
Show abstract
It is well known that MIMO channel capacity was greatly improved by used of BLAST code, but the existing
methods still have the decoding complexity and precision problem. This paper analyzes the advantage and
disadvantage of the present detection algorithms for the BLAST system. An adaptive BLAST decoding algorithm with
lower decoding complexity is proposed. The simulations show that the adaptive detection can achieve the moderate
tradeoff between complexity and performance.
An efficient method for extension of the dynamic input range of burst-mode all-optical wavelength conversion module
Show abstract
Hybrid passive optical network (HPON) is one of ideal solutions for the next-gereration PONs with advantages of high
capacity, long reach and single transport optical fiber. A novel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and time
division multiplexing (TDM) hybrid PON architecture based on all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) technology
is proposed. A novel burst-mode all-optical wavelength conversion module (BM-AOWCM) is developed for the critical
system optical power budget, in which an Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a gain-clamped wavelength
converter based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are employed. The degradation of the bit error ration (BER)
of the EDFA and the AOWC are tested, respectively, which would limit the dynamic input power of the BM-AOWCM
greatly. Experimental results indicate that the input dynamic range is extended from 5.5dB to 30dB at BER of 10E-9.
Analysis and testing of key technologies of PTN on MAN
Show abstract
Broadband connectivity to Internet has quickly become one of the most successful telecom service offerings ever. The
meeting and marketplace of the future requires Full-Service Broadband. Full Service Broadband encompasses a unique
combination of products and experience that will enable operators and network providers to meet this emerging demand
for anywhere access to broadband services, quickly, cost-effectively and with minimal risk.
Firstly, the standard of PTN (Packet Transmission Network) are analyzed. Then ,by deep analysis the key technology of
PTN on MAN. The key technologies of PTN on MAN can be divided into two group: PBT, PBBREP, RRPP, ERP
technology, and Carrier Ethernet with MPLS technology. At the same time, communication each other of MSTP and
PTN,T-MPLS and IP/MPLS ,PBT and IP/MPLS are carried out by figures. At last, testing of PTN are analyzed, testing
contents mainly include:
TDM service function of PTN equipment, long time BER capability of STM-1service, time delay capability of PTN
equipment, protection and provisioned backup path function of T-MPLS, Wrapping protection a function of T-MPLS
loop network,and OAM functions.
Analysis of mode coupling in the dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber
Show abstract
The mode coupling in the dispersion compensating dual-core photonic crystal fiber is numerically investigated
by the full-vector finite element method (FEM) with transparent boundary condition (TBC). The dependence of the
phase-matching wavelength, the confinement loss, the effective mode area and the dispersion on the refractive index of
the doped inner core, the diameter of air holes and the pitch is demonstrated. The dispersion value as large as -1426
ps/(nm -km), the effective mode area, 80 μm2 and confinement loss, 1.86×10-6 dB/m at λ=1.55μm are obtained.
Analysis of multiwavelength clock recovery based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Ming Chen,
Suchun Feng,
Shuisheng Jian
Show abstract
Multiwavelength clock recovery based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering is realized. The maximum frequency spacing
of two channels is theoretical analyzed and experimental demonstrated. The calculated maximum frequency spacing is
about 416GHz, and the corresponding wavelength span for multiwavelength clock recovery is 3.4nm. And the total
wavelength span for two channels of the clock recovery scheme is demonstrated to be 3.37nm in experiment. Once
exceed this span, the clock tones of two channels are out of the Brillouin gain spectrum, and not able to experience the
process of SBS. The experiment results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber and its application in switchable multi-wavelength fiber laser
Show abstract
The compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed by splicing a section of photonic crystal fiber (PCF)
and two pieces of single mode fiber (SMF) with the air-holes of PCF intentionally collapsed in the vicinity of the splices.
The depedence of the fringe spacing on the length of PCF is investigated. Based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer as
wavelength-selective filter, a switchable dual-wavelength fiber ring laser is demonstrated with a homemade erbiumdoped
fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the gain medium at room temperature. By adjusting the states of the polarization
controller (PC) appropriately, the laser can be switched among the stable single-and dual -wavelength lasing operations
by exploiting polarization hole burning (PHB) effect.
Design and analysis of imagery system of laser scanning
Show abstract
This paper expounds the operation principle of laser scanning imagery system,after analyzing the light source,
transmitter,receivewere and the continuous analogue electric signal which are in the laser scanning imagery system,a
laser scanning imagery system is designed, the composition and main parts of the system were expounded. The
performance referance date were reviewed.The characteristics of this systerm is that it not only can scanned but also can
collect reflecting coefficient information and can do laser ranging.This paper analyze and disguess the scanning imagery
system and the key technology of laser weapon, finally the applicating prospects of the system are described.
Design and implementation of the broadband network access system over MoCA
Show abstract
In order to provide a high speed scheme for the access of the "last 100 meters", a composite access scheme of EPON and
MoCA is proposed in this paper. At the terminal node of FTTX in EPON system, MoCA technique is used to implement
broadband data access by distributing network entering household through Coax. A terminal equipment is designed in
this scheme, which can receive the optical signal from the OLT of EPON and transform it into RF signal. The end users
will receive the RF signal either from the coaxial cable or a RF antenna. This scheme is particularly applicable for FTTB
application.There are many advantages in this system, it can provide a reliable room to room, peer to peer full mesh
connectivity of digital content among MoCA devices using existing in-home coaxial cables. Plug and play at the
majority of serviceable coax outlets in homes with no need to access or change splitters, or run new cables. What's more,
it has higher bandwidth and better management. Two group of tests for the EPON+MoCA system were carried out, one
for the coaxial cable and one for wireless. The experimental results showed that the average throughput of the system
could reach to approximate 100 Mbps which approach to the theoretical throughput of MoCA 1.0 standard. And the
transmission throughput had no remarkable change when the RF antenna replaced the coaxial cable.
Optimal design of wavelength converters based on four-wave mixing in photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths
Show abstract
In this paper, we show that the bandwidth of wavelength converters based on four-wave mixing can be considerably
broadened if photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths are used as the Kerr media. The design
method of fiber parametric wavelength converters based on photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths
is proposed. It is proved that when the input signal wavelength is close to the center of the two zero-dispersion
wavelengths, the maximal tuning range of the converted wave can be obtained. And the tuning range is approximately
two times the difference of the two zero-dispersion wavelengths, which in turn can selected by tailoring the geometrical
parameters of photonic crystal fibers. Numerical simulations show that after such converters can achieve ultra broadband
tuning range and high conversion efficiency with much lower pump power and shorter fiber.
Devices of radio over fiber system based on fiber Bragg grating
Show abstract
Nowadays, researches on microwave photonics become more and more important due to the needs for wideband
and wireless multimedia. The typical utility system is the radio over/on fiber (ROF ) system. In the past few years, fiber
Bragg grating (FBG) has been widely used due to its unique characteristic of wavelength selectivity. Hence, a variety of
ROF devices based on FBG have become one of the best programs. In this paper, two kinds of microwave photonic filter
are studied, the frequency responses are simulated and the perfect results are gotten. Besides, a method is proposed to
realize millimeter-wave sub-carrier generation at central station by using a double-uniform FBG filter scheme. The
advantages are analyzed by designing a ROF downlink system, and the eye diagrams in different transmission distance
are also analyzed.
Erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber laser
Haili Yang,
Shuangchen Ruan,
Yongqin Yu,
et al.
Show abstract
We have demonstrated a low threshold all fiber laser based on a 9.68 m-long small core
Erbium doped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and also presented results from two separate device
experiments. The threshold and maximum output power of the laser are 6.72 mW and 82.6 mW,
respectively. Fiber loop mirrors is used as resonator mirrors. The overall system is all-fibered and with
low threshold. The PCF we used as gain medium with 9.68 m long, 3.34 μm mode diameter, 0.143
numerical aperture, 1000 ppm doped concentration, 545 dB/km transmission attenuation coefficient to
1310 nm laser. A single-mode diode laser, centered at 980 nm, was used as pump source and the
maximum power was 400 mW.
Experimental study of discharge for 200W RF excited slab lasers
Yu Xiao,
Juan Liu,
Yingxiong Qin,
et al.
Show abstract
An 81 MHz TEM electromagnetic wave transmitting between the electrodes would cause the
nonuniform discharge along the electrodes. The variation of the voltage distribution with pressure and
feed-in power bring difficulties to design match network. In order to achieve impedance matching, in
the 2000W RF slab discharge platform the different type of matching network are used. Through
analyzing the matching network, the equivalent electrical parameter is estimated. In the experiment,
though using resonance inductances the voltage distribution along the electrodes is improved. The
results show that under the typical condition of the RF slab laser operation, the matching network can
work well and the reflective power is less than 5%. When a mid-feed point is used, the feed-in power is
2000W, two 28nH inductances are attached at both end of the electrodes, two 24nH inductances are
fixed on both points of one-fourth of the electrodes, the uniform discharge is got on the 500mm×40mm
electrodes, and the feed-in power density is 65W/cm3.
Fabrication of nano-Bragg polymer waveguide by soft-lithography process
Jau-Kun Kuo,
Wen-Chung Chang,
Kao-Feng Yarn,
et al.
Show abstract
A polymer waveguide is successfully fabricated by a new method, which is
implemented by a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) process including a
stamping transfer technique incorporated with holographic interference, a lithography
procedure and soft molding tecnnology. The polymers used in these experiments are
OG146 and OG154 with different refractive indices. The near-field measurement for
the channel waveguide has shown that the polarization dependent loss is very low.
This process is simple, easy and suitable for mass production.
FBG hydrogen sensors based on surface plasmon resonance interaction
Show abstract
Many different types of fiber optic hydrogen gas sensors have been used to detect hydrogen concentration. Almost
invariably these sensors, as well as the electrical hydrogen sensors, use palladium as the gas-sensitive layer by detecting
its electrical and optical properties change, when it exposed to hydrogen. However the sensibility of them is poor and the
minimum hydrogen detecting level is still very high. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) control over the properties of light
propagating within the fiber. A change of the effective refractive index of grating period caused by the surrounding
environment will cause a shift in the reflective Bragg wavelength. The totally different principle makes FBG with good
sensing characters. In addition, FBG has a built-in self-referencing capability and can be multiplexed along a single fiber.
Here a new method is put forward to detect the hydrogen concentration by FBG. The working principle of FBG
hydrogen sensor is based on surface plasmon resonance. Fiber is firstly side polished in the FBG region to enable
evanescent wave interaction. Experiment showed that this method is very sensitive, as low as 0.1% (1000ppm) of
hydrogen concentration can be detected and the response time is less then 5 seconds.
Four-element fiber laser hydrophone array
Faxiang Zhang,
Wentao Zhang,
Fang Li,
et al.
Show abstract
A 4-element fiber optic hydrophone array based on distributed feedback fiber lasers (DFB FL) has been
developed, constructed and tested. Acoustic sensitivity was enhanced by two diaphragms. The noise
floor was tested to be 10-6 pm/√Hz @ 1 kHz and acoustic pressure sensitivity of about 10 nm/MPa was
achieved.
Framework of a real-time video monitoring system
Show abstract
In recent years, most of the monitoring systems are based on digital video recorder (DVR) which records video in a
digital format to a disk or other memory medium. These systems are limited in application of small-scale and
decentralized local data storage. This paper presents a new kind of video surveillance system based on IP network
characterized by large-scale monitoring, user authentication centralized management, distributed services, data
transmission through the network for centralized storage. This IP-based real time video surveillance system provides a
way to monitor the scene on the spot at any time anywhere.
Influence of underwater 3D imaging precision by water light scattering
Show abstract
In three-dimensional (3-D) imaging measurement, the center location extraction of laser bar is one of
the critical techniques in determining the metrical precision of the system. The width and brightness of
laser bar varying with the change of detection distance is an important factor which influences on the
center location determination of laser bar. The underwater 3-D imaging quality is directly affected by
light scattering effect of water. Under coordinate conditions, the width increase and brightness decrease
of laser bar brings great impact on the metrical precision of the system. In this paper, the beam spread
characteristics of underwater laser transferring procedure is studied and the relationship among the
beam spread characteristics of underwater laser transferring, laser beam characteristics and correlative
parameters of water is constituted. Finally, based on the existing relationship between beam width and
beam characteristics in 3-D imaging measurement, the factors which affect the precision of underwater
3-D measurement are obtained by computing beam spread function of underwater laser transferring
under diverse conditions. Calculation result shows that the metrical precision enhances for the
improvement of water clarity as well as the reduction of detection distance.
Integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor for lightning electric field measurements
Show abstract
In this work, an integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor with segmented electrodes is designed and fabricated
for measurement of lightning impulse electric field. First, the compositions of the sensing system were described briefly.
The calibration of the sensor is taken using an impulse high voltage generator and parallel square electrodes. The
maximal detectable electric field range (-75 kV/m to 245 kV/m) is obtained by analyzing the results. Finally, the
measurements of the lightning impulse electric field are given. As a result, the integrated optical electric field sensor is
suitable for lightning electric field measurement investigation.
Nondestructive measurement soluble solids content of apple by portable and online near infrared spectroscopy
Show abstract
Two different near infrared spectrometric systems were used to determine soluble solids content (SSC) of intact apple,
including a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and an online NIR system. The pretreatment methods were applied to
improve the predictive results. The moving average smoothing was significant. The effective wavelength regions were chosen
by interval partial least squares (iPLS) and backward iPLS (Bipls). Then the models were developed by partial least square
regression (PLSR) and least square support machine (LS-SVM). Performance comparisons were made in the context of 30
unknown samples prediction. The LS-SVM models were better than others with correlation coefficient (R) and root mean
square error of prediction (RMSEP) of (0.88, 0.80ºBrix) and (0.82, 1.01ºBrix) for portable and online measurement mode,
respectively. The results demonstrated that the online measurement mode was not as well as the portable.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of self-mixing speckle generated in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser
Daofu Han,
Xiuting Zuo,
Li Ma
Show abstract
In this paper, self-mixing speckle generated in an erbium-doped fiber laser is numerically simulated and
experimentally studied. The experimental model of self-mixing speckle based on an erbium-doped fiber ring (EDFR)
laser is presented, and using the theories of light amplification and speckles, the model is theoretically analyzed. With
the analytical results, the self-mixing speckle signal is obtained by numerical simulation. The signals represented
different velocities are analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the result shows that the mean speckle frequency
of the signal and the velocity of a dynamic object are linearly related, which is agreed with that of the experimental
study. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental study indicate that self-mixing speckle in an erbium-doped
optical fiber laser can be used to the measurement of a dynamic object.
Optical generation of microwave signal using FBG-based double-ring fiber laser assisted by saturable absorber
Show abstract
We propose and demonstrate a simple approach to optical generation of microwave signal by exploiting a uniform fiber
Bragg gating (FBG) based double-ring laser and a saturable absorber. Parallel arranged uniform FBGs have a
wavelength spacing corresponding to the microwave signal. A piece of unpumped polarization-maintaining erbiumdoped
fiber (PM-EDF) serves as a saturable absorber, ensuring the dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode operation.
Stable dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode lasers are obtained in the experiment. A microwave signal at 28.38
GHz is successfully generated by beating the dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode lasers.
Optical property of BaTiO[sub]3[/sub] ferroelectric film at room temperature
Yonghua Fu,
Xiaoqing Zhang,
Zhimou Xu
Show abstract
BaTiO3 ferroelectric films were prepared on Si(111) substrate by sol-gel method with glacial acetic acid as solvent, and
acetylacetone as stabilizer, barium acetate and tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The photoluminescence of BaTiO3
ferroelectric films were studied. Intense photoluminescence of amorphous BaTiO3 ferroelectric films excited by blue
light was observed at room temperature (RT). The emission band is in a range of 540nm to 660nm in wavelength. The
ferroelectric films annealed (at 673K for 8 hours) had the best photoluminescence property, when the films excited by
450nm line, the peak width is about 30nm from 580nm to 610nm, towards the yellow region. Moreover, the
photoluminescence of BaTiO3 ferroelectric film is stable. The emitting region, peak wavelengths and width are not
dependent on excitation wavelength and/or film thickness. The luminescence intensity increases with film thickness
increasing, but decreases with the excitation wavelength raising. The crystalline BT ferroelectric films had no properties
above.
Preparation and photoluminescence properties of porous silicon
Zhiwei Chen,
Zhimou Xu
Show abstract
There are many preparation methods of porous silicon(PS), such as electrochemical
etching(ECE), photochemical etching, chemical etching and so on. ECE, also known as anodic etching,
is more common among these methods. A lot of holes are given priority to be etched on the surface of
silicon. The top and vertical aspects of the holes are easily etched while horizontal aspects wall of the
holes are quiet different, and then tree-like or sponge-like porous structure is formed. In this paper, we
obtained porous structure on the surface of silicon using lithography and dry etching method. The
diameter of the hole was 2μm or 6μm. The etching depth of the samples was about 70nm, 140nm and
260nm. Photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon was observed by using light of 270nm, 280nm, 330nm,
455nm and 460nm wavelength to excite the samples. The results showed that PL intensity was the best
when excitation wavelength was 270nm or 280nm, compared with 330nm, 455nm and 460nm. From
PL analysis of all samples, It exists three emission peaks about at 372nm, 425nm and 473nm. When the
diameter of the PS was the same, it was found that PS with etching depth at 140nm was more efficient.
It means that PL intensity of the was better than other samples when the etching depth was 140nm.
Likewise, samples of which the diameter was 2μm has much better PL than that of the other samples.
Propagation characteristics of pico-second chirped soliton in dispersion-flatted fibers with convex dispersion profile
Show abstract
The propagation characteristics of pico-second chirped soliton are numerically investigated in anomalous dispersion
dispersion-flatted fibers (DFF) with convex dispersion profile (CV-DFF) by use of the split-step Fourier method
(SSFM). It is found that higher-order dispersions (β3~β6) can be neglected during soliton propagation in the CV-DFF.
The fiber parameters D0 and k2 of the CV-DFF can be controlled according to the practical applications. The spectral
width, temporal full width of half maximum (FWHM), and the peak of temporal waveform oscillate with the propagation
distance. The period and amplitude of the oscillation increase with the increase of |C|.
Proposal of a Star-16QAM system based on Intersymbol Interference (ISI) suppression and coherent detection
Show abstract
We propose a 40Gbit/s star-16QAM(to define) system based on ISI(to define)-suppression
technology and coherent detection. ISI-free BPSK optical signals generated by Mach-Zehnder
modulators (MZM) and continuous wave (CW) lights are used to realize a star-16QAM signal. As a result,
the obtained star-16QAM signal is also ISI-free. It turns out that the proposed ISI free star-16QAM has
better performance in terms of eye opening and constellation diagram comparing with two conventional
star-16QAM signals transmitted through 80-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and detected by a
coherent receiver.
Research and implementation of the burst-mode optical signal bit-error test
Qiu-yuan Huang,
Wei Shi
Show abstract
On the basis of the characteristic of TDMA uplink optical signal of PON system, this article puts
forward a method of high-speed optical burst bit-error rate testing based on FPGA. The article proposes
a new method of generating the burst signal pattern include user-defined pattern and pseudo-random
pattern, realizes the slip synchronization, self-synchronization of error detection using data
decomposition technique and the traditional irrigation code synchronization technology, completes
high-speed burst signal clock synchronization using the rapid synchronization technology of
phase-locked loop delay in the external circuit and finishes the bit-error rate test of high-speed burst
optical signal.
Research of application mode for FTTX technology
Show abstract
With rapid development of Internet and broadband access network, the technologies of xDSL, FTTx+LAN, WLAN have
more applications, new network service emerges in endless stream, especially the increase of network game, meeting
TV, video on demand, etc. FTTH supports all present and future service with enormous bandwidth, including traditional
telecommunication service, traditional data service and traditional TV service, and the future digital TV and VOD. With
huge bandwidth of FTTH, it wins the final solution of broadband network, becomes the final goal of development of
optical access network.
In this paper, technique theory of EPON is introduced at first. At the same time, MAC frame structure, automatic
detection and ranging of MPCP, DBA,and multi-LLID of EPON is analyzed. Then, service development ability, cost
advantage and maintenance superiority based on EPON technology are carried out. At last,with Cost comparison
between FTTH / FTTB building model and the traditional model, FTTB + LAN mode which is suitable for the newadding
residential users in general areas and FTTN + DSL mode which is suitable for the old city and rural access
network transformation are built up in detail. And FTTN + DSL project of rural information in rural areas and FTTH
broadband HOUSE project on service solutions program are analyzed.
comparing to the traditional access technologies, EPON technology has the obvious advantages, such as distance
transmission, high or wide band, saving line resources, service abilities, etc. These are the qualities which not only be
served for home users, but solve more access problems for us effectively.
Research on non-linearity correction of 2D-PSD
Xiawei Zheng,
Sihai Chen,
Wei Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) is a kind of electrophotonic detector based on lateral
photoeffect. PSD is widely used in non-contact measurement as it's highly sensitive to the position of
incident light. But, it suffers from non-linearity because of nonuniform surface resistance which
reduces the measuring precision and reliability. In this paper, The non-linear error of
2D-PSD(Two-dimensional PSD) is partly corrected using algorithm for duo-linear interpolation based
on LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench). The corrected result shows that
the linearity of 2D-PSD is greatly improved without increasing the complexity of hardware. After the
non-linearity correction, the usable area of PSD is extended and the precision of the measurement
system is improved.
Research on the key technology and application of the packet transmission network
Show abstract
In proportion to the rapid development of telecommunication service, Telecom Operators already have made a strategic
transition from "Network, Communication Operators" into "integrated information service provider" to provide
customer with varied information service, such as the BT "21st century plan", "Next" plan proposed by France Telecom,
FNE and BMS plan by Australia Telstra, RANE Programs by NTT. Domestic Carries also made strategic transition
plans. And the priority of network transition is to find the way to build a unified and integrated network supporting
carrier-grade Ethernet service also compatible with the conventional network service.
The division of the service results in the Packet transmission, namely packet technology, makes Packet-based
Transmission Network keeping the virtues of transmission network. The virtues are good scalability, varied operation
and maintenance, high-speed protection switching, connection-oriented feature, and building up connection with NMS.
At the same time, it adds some characteristics to adapt the statistical multiplexing in the packet service, for instance:
connection-oriented label switching, QoS mechanism, dynamic and flexible control plane. The Packet Transmission
Network (PTN) can be divided into four layers: packet transmission channel layer (PTC), packet transmission path layer
(PTP), and optional packet transmission section Layer (PTS) and physical layer.
The key technologies of PTN are as follows: the connection-oriented based label transmission and the statistical
multiplexing on packet switching. The use of layer and sub-domain is to provide good scalability. Supporting for fault
detection and performance testing and other Operation, Management and Maintenance (OAM) function, linear protection
switching, ring protection, dynamics survival technology of pre-placed re-route, QoS, circuit emulation for TDM service,
ATM based on PWE3 technique, and MAC layer or physical layer based packet clock synchronization.
The application PTN could be convergence of packet service in MAN, such ads DSLAM backhauling, wireless
Backhauling and so on. PTN can also take replace the core router in the core network to carry out the high efficient
transmission of packet service.
Research on theory and technology for improving optical receiver efficiency in turbulent atmosphere
Rui Bie,
Xiuhua Yuan
Show abstract
FSO has some significant advantages such as bandwidths, high-data-rate of transfer and less mass, power and
volume, and no regulatory restrictions for using frequencies and bandwidths. Atmospheric turbulence is an important
factor that constrains the performance of FSO; most of researchers have always been in search of methods to solve this
problem. In recent years, the principle and technology of adaptive optics (AO) have been applied to eliminate the
influences of turbulent atmosphere. But for a long time, efforts in the traditional AO methods focus on compensating the
turbulence on the pupil plane of imaging system, ignoring the differences between the imaging system and FSO. This
paper presents a novel space optical receiver that adjusts the wavefront in the rear focal plane of a lens. It is different
from common AO technology that system takes the maximum light energy coupled into a fiber as the estimate parameter
for reconfiguration wavefront, according to demands for FSO, and realizes a high-speed wavefront compensation
receiver without wavefront sensor. Based on these theories, some simulation analysis is implemented and results are
compared with traditional AO, it shows that our technique has the better performances than that of general AO. Finally,
the farther work and potential application on FSO are discussed in this paper.
Reverse design of the SMF-PCF F-P cavity
Liwen Wang,
Shuqin Lou,
Weiguo Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
In this paper, we report a new F-P cavity based on single mode fiber and multimode PCF. The PCF has been analyzed by
the digital image processing and the FEM in order to obtain its effective refractive index and propagation constants. Then
optical characteristics of the F-P cavity based on this PCF are numerical analyzed which provide a theoretical basis for
the reverse design of the SMF-PCF F-P Cavity. The practice of fabricating SMF-PCF cavity based on this theory has
been carried out and the experimental results and theoretical results were consistent.
Semiconductor quantum wells: old technology or new device functionalities
R. M. Kolbas,
Y. C. Lo,
K. Y. Hsieh,
et al.
Show abstract
The introduction of semiconductor quantum wells in the 1970s created a revolution in optoelectronic devices. A large
fraction of today's lasers and light emitting diodes are based on quantum wells. It has been more than 30 years but novel
ideas and new device functions have recently been demonstrated using quantum well heterostructures. This paper
provides a brief overview of the subject and then focuses on the physics of quantum wells that the lead author believes
holds the key to new device functionalities. The data and figures contained within are not new. They have been
assembled from 30 years of work. They are presented to convey the story of why quantum wells continue to fuel the
engine that drives the semiconductor optoelectronic business. My apologies in advance to my students and co-workers
that contributed so much that could not be covered in such a short manuscript. The explanations provided are based on
the simplest models possible rather than the very sophisticated mathematical models that have evolved over many years.
The intended readers are those involved with semiconductor optoelectronic devices and are interested in new device
possibilities.
Strain and temperature discrimination by using a birefringence fiber loop and a long period grating in a photonic crystal fiber
Chun-Liu Zhao,
Jiarong Zhao,
Wei Jin,
et al.
Show abstract
We present a new design for simultaneous strain and temperature discrimination using a high-birefringence
fiber loop mirror (HiBi-FLM) concatenated with a temperature insensitive long-period grating (LPG) written in a
photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The FLM acts as a sensor head, while the LPG in PCF serves as a filter to convert
wavelength variation to optical power change. By measuring the wavelength variation and the power difference of two
near peaks in the spectral response of this configuration, strain and temperature discrimination is obtained.
Switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on one polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating incorporating saturable absorber
Show abstract
Switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser at room temperature is
demonstrated. One fiber Bragg grating (FBG) directly written in a polarization-maintaining and photosensitive erbiumdoped
fiber (PMPEDF) as the wavelength-selective component is used in a linear laser cavity. Due to the polarization
hole burning (PHB) enhanced by the polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating (PMFBG), the laser can be designed to
operate in stable dual-wavelength or wavelength-switching modes with a wavelength spacing of 0.202 nm by adjusting a
polarization controller (PC). The stable SLM operation is guaranteed by a saturable absorber (SA). The optical signal-tonoise
ratio (OSNR) of the laser is over 40 dB. The amplitude variation in nearly one and half an hour is less than 0.5 dB
for both wavelengths.
Technique analysis of T-MPLS OAM and MPLS-TP OAM
Show abstract
OAM plays an important role in PTN technology. The main function of OAM is check defect before abnormal event.
The bit errors which could be corrected or time deviation could be isolated within a certain range. It dose not disturb
network operation. And therefore, it ensure carrier to fulfill QoS commitment and reach SLA subscription.T-MPLS is
connection-oriented packet transport technology. Connection-oriented means it can provide carrier-level service and
must have equal OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) function of traditional transport network. OAM
mechanism becomes key technology of T-MPLS.
OAM function is very important to telecom network. It's especially import to network which has QoS. OAM could
simplify network operation, check network performance and reduce operation cost.
Firstly, the functional requirements of T-MPLS OAM and MPLS-TP OAM are analyzed. The similarity of T-MPLS
OAM and MPLS-TP OAM is founded. By deep analysis the mechanism of T-MPLS OAM, it shows that the OAM is
import for PTN. Then OAM technique of T-MPLS and MPLS-TP is analyzed in detail. At last, analysis of commonality
is carried out on function types. Domain reference model and nesting-technique shows the consistency of both OAM
functions.
Both of T-MPLS and MPLS-TP introduce OAM nesting. Eight MEG Levels (from 0 to 7) are available to
accommodate different network deployment scenarios. In order to distinguish OAM packets of nested MEGs, each MEP
tunnels incoming OAM packets by incrementing the MEL in the source direction and decrementing it in the sink
direction. Each MEP/MIP generates and processes OAM packets at the MEL=0, while other OAM packets are forwarded
with traffic. It's very simple and high efficiency method.
By comparing the functions of T-MPLS OAM and MPLS-TP OAM, even there are few differences on PTN
implementation detail; the OAM mechanism and framework are basically same. Both of them meet the requirements of
carrier-grade OAM. They has important role in their realization process. As long as posses powerful OAM capability,
PTN has more competitiveness in the future market.
Temperature-independent fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor
Show abstract
An acceleration sensor based on measurement of the reflection bandwidth of a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is
presented. The FBG is glued in a slanted direction onto the lateral surface at the center of the beam. Two weights were
fixed respectively on the upper and lower surfaces in the middle of the beam to sense the variation of the acceleration in
the vertical direction. Preliminary experimental results indicate that when the acceleration was increased, the 3-dB
bandwidth of the FBG responded linearly from zero to 8 g, with very low temperature dependence. The measurement
sensitivity and resolution are 0.4 nm/g and 0.05 g, respectively.
Testing and reference model analysis of FTTH system
Show abstract
With rapid development of Internet and broadband access network, the technologies of xDSL, FTTx+LAN
, WLAN have more applications, new network service emerges in endless stream, especially the increase of network
game, meeting TV, video on demand, etc. FTTH supports all present and future service with enormous bandwidth,
including traditional telecommunication service, traditional data service and traditional TV service, and the future digital
TV and VOD. With huge bandwidth of FTTH, it wins the final solution of broadband network, becomes the final goal of
development of optical access network..
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) will be the goal of telecommunications cable broadband access. In accordance with the
development trend of telecommunication services, to enhance the capacity of integrated access network, to achieve
triple-play (voice, data, image), based on the existing optical Fiber to the curb (FTTC), Fiber To The Zone (FTTZ), Fiber
to the Building (FTTB) user optical cable network, the optical fiber can extend to the FTTH system of end-user by using
EPON technology.
The article first introduced the basic components of FTTH system; and then explain the reference model and reference
point for testing of the FTTH system; Finally, by testing connection diagram, the testing process, expected results,
primarily analyze SNI Interface Testing, PON interface testing, Ethernet performance testing, UNI interface testing,
Ethernet functional testing, PON functional testing, equipment functional testing, telephone functional testing,
operational support capability testing and so on testing of FTTH system. ...
The comparison of two methods to manufacture fused biconical tapered optical fiber coupler
Yue Wang,
Hairong Liu
Show abstract
Optical fiber coupler is a directional coupler which is crucial component for optical fiber communication systems.
The fused biconical taper is the most important method in facture of optical fiber coupler, with many advantages of low
excess loss, precise coupling ratio, good consistency and stability.
In this paper we have introduced a new method to manufacture optical fiber coupler. And more over the new
manufacture process has been compared with the traditional manufacture method. In the traditional crafts, two optical
fibers are parallel placed, and then use the method of tie a knot of the two optical fibers. In the new process, a new
program of fiber placement is introduced. Two optical fibers are parallel placed in the middle of the fixture, and then in
order to make the bare part of the optical fiber close as much as possible, the new plan using high temperature resistant
material bind the both end of the fiber which are not removing the cladding. After many contrast tests, we can see that
adopt the improved method of fiber placement, during the process of fiber pulling, the variation of optical power in the
directional arm and the coupler arm are more smooth and steady. But the excess loss (EL) generated in the process of
pulling is a bit higher than the traditional method of tie a knot. The tests show that the new method of optical fiber
placement is feasible in the actual projects for the manufacture of coupler with low coupling ratio, but for the control of
the EL still need further studying.
The influence of adhesive on fiber Bragg grating strain sensor
Jixuan Chen,
Huaping Gong,
Shangzhong Jin,
et al.
Show abstract
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was fixed on the uniform strength beam with three adhesives, which were
modified acrylate, glass glue and epoxy resin. The influence of adhesive on FBG strain sensor was investigated. The
strain of FBG sensor was varied by loading weight to the uniform strength beam. The wavelength shift of the FBG
sensor fixed by the three kinds of adhesive were measured with different weight at the temperatures 0°C, 10°C, 20°C,
30°C, 40°C. The linearity, sensitivity and their stability at different temperature of FBG sensor which fixed by every kind
of adhesives were analyzed. The results show that, the FBG sensor fixed by the modified acrylate has a high linearity,
and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9996. It also has a high sensitivity which is 0.251nm/kg. The linearity and the
sensitivity of the FBG sensor have a high stability at different temperatures. The FBG sensor fixed by the glass glue also
has a high linearity, and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9986, but it has a low sensitivity which is only 0.041nm/kg.
The linearity and the sensitivity of the FBG sensor fixed by the glass glue have a high stability at different temperatures.
When the FBG sensor is fixed by epoxy resin, the sensitivity and linearity is affected significantly by the temperature.
When the temperature changes from 0°C to 40°C, the sensitivity decreases from 0.302nm/kg to 0.058nm/kg, and the
linear correlation coefficient decreases from 0.9999 to 0.9961.
The integrated impact of the combination of PMD and several nonlinear effects on 160G bit/s DWDM systems
Show abstract
With the help of modern 40Gb/s technology and the AON
technology,160Gb/s DWDM optics communication system will be realized in the next few
years. However, With broader spectrum, the signal suffers more from chromatic dispersion,
optical fiber nonlinear effects ,such as FWM and XPM, as well as PMD.The combination of
PMD and nonlinear effects results in more complexity. In this paper, based on nonlinear
Schrödinger r equations, from where GVD, TOD, SPM, XPM, FWM and PMD synthetically
derived, we investigate the system degradation induced by PMD and nonlinear effects via
numerical simulation. The results show that when the signal power is low, PMD has more
affection on system comparing with nonlinear effects, when signal power gets larger,
nonlinear effects become dominating, but PMD may mitigate their impact to some degree.
PMD is becoming major system impairment in high speed and long distance optical fiber
transmission systems, we can use PMD compensation module such as a compact variable
differential group delay (DGD) element base on concatenation via six magneto-optic
polarization rotators (Faraday rotators) .We also study the impact of PMD to high speed
optical fiber communication system with different modulation formats ,we get the conclusion
that in the high speed and capacity optics system, RZ and SINE PULSE is often used in high
transmitting power and low transmitting power, respectively.
The key technique analysis and function configuration of MPLS OAM
Show abstract
OAM function is very important to telecommunication network. Especially to the networks that need to
supply QoS, OAM could simplify network operation, check network performance and decrease network operation cost.
As the important and extensible carrier technology of next generation network, OAM enables that MPLS could supply
multiple services capability with QoS.
In this paper, MPLS OAM technique theory and protection are introduced at first. In the introduction, 1:1 protection and
1:1 protection are analyzed; Then, the MPLS OAM key technique is analyzed; At last, it configures the MPLS OAM
protection and checks static LSP connection in detail. So, MPLS OAM will be very important to telecommunication of
IP-packeted network.
The method for recovering the soft information in the protocol stacks in type of WIFI and WIMAX
Show abstract
The paper will present the method for recovering the soft information in the
protocol stacks in type of WIFI and WIMAX, which is based on the joint
source-channel decoding (JSCD) techniques with enhanced permeable layer
mechanism used for wireless multimedia transmission. Packet header recovery at
varieties of protocol layers using MAP estimation is the cornerstone of the proposed
method. The inherently obtainable correlation of intro-layer and inter-layer header
proves to be effective in picking out a simplified set of header configurations for
further processing. The best candidate is then obtained using the soft decoding of
CRC or Checksum protected data and CRC or Checksum redundancy itself. Finally,
with a simulating program written by C++, we can prove that a multimedia
transmission system added an AWGN channel (Gaussian noise of zero mean and
variance s 2 ) using the method proposed in the paper can really obtain a significant
improvement of ENR at the receiver, and effective make the band of transmission
much wider and the quality of transmission much better.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of multi-wavelength fiber laser
Show abstract
In this paper, a method for realizing a stable multi-wavelength EDFL at room temperature is analyzed theoretically and
obtained experimentally. We have proposed a multi-wavelength fiber ring cavity laser by using EDF as the gain medium.
A F-P and a band-pass filter are inserted into the cavity to achieve the selection of multi-wavelength. Meanwhile, by
inserting a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) in the linear cavity, which can suppresses the mode competition owing
to the homogeneous broaden line in EDF and eliminates the unstable single wavelength lasing, stable output can be
obtained at room temperature. As a result, power-stable, broad bandwidth and uniform multi-wavelength operations with
narrow line-width and high side mode suppression ratio are obtained at room temperature. In addition, we also
demonstrate a kind of tunable multi-wavelength EDFL based on multi-channel FBG (M-FBG). Four-wavelength output
with the flatness and SNR of almost 1dB and more than 50dB is achieved and the output wavelength can be changed by
applying stress on the M-FBG.
Theoretical investigation on frequency chirp of gain-clamped wavelength converter
Show abstract
A novel semiconductor optical wavelength converter based on gain-clamping structure is proposed. It consists of paired
fiber Bragg gratings and tilted-waveguide SOA chip. And inverted wavelength conversion can be achieved by utilizing
direct optical modulation of gain-clamping lasing light, i.e. converted signal. Frequency chirp of converted signal is
numerically simulated, derived from single-mode rate equation and large-signal dynamic model. The results show that
the mode frequency shifts toward the blue side near the leading edge and toward the red side near the trailing edge of the
converted optical pulses. Parameters that affect frequency chirp, such as biased current, input optical power, extinction
ratio and wavelength of input signal, and length of active region, are analyzed respectively. It provides a theoretical basis
for improving the frequency chirp of converted signal.
Track strain field analysis for positing FBG sensor in fiber optic axle detecting
Show abstract
FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor is suitable to detect track strain under harsh environment. In order to optimize its
detecting efficiency, the key is to find out where the optimal detecting place is. This paper presents an FEA (Finite
Element Analysis) method to analyze strain distribution of a track under load. The strain field is decomposed into three
vector fields, and the optimal detecting place is determined by analyzing these vector fields. The related experiment and
actual aplication verified the authenticity of this method.
Wavelength division multiplex optical fiber Bragg grating temperature array for ocean detection
Xingrong Li,
Zhi Yang,
Yongqian Li,
et al.
Show abstract
The wavelength division multiplex FBG sensor system was researched.The sensor array was designed,
and this system was used in ocean water temperature detection.This experiment was achived in South China
Sea with 300 meters long Bragg grating array and got original signal wavelength.The wavelength data was
processed and transformed into temperature.By curve fitting,the seawater profile temperature can be
obtained.Simultaneously,contrastive test was completed with CTD,which was recommended by experts. By
processing the data with MATLAB,the resolution attained 0.1°C, and the precision attained 0.2°C,the
temperature changed trends was the same with CTD,and small deviation was exsited.
HDMI optical extender based on parallel optical transmitter and receiver
Show abstract
High-Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI) can carry high quality multi-channel audio data and can carry all
standard and highdefinition video formats. To send the information form video source to the display unit, the HDMI
cable which carries four differential pairs is used. Now HDMI 1.3 increases its single-link bandwidth from 165MHz
(4.95 gigabits per second) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support the demands of future high definition display devices, so
the traditional copper wire cable imposes limits on signal transmission distance and signal quality at so high speed.
Optical fiber is of low dispersion, which in turn has the strength of longer signal transmission distance and better signal
transmission quality in comparison to the traditional copper wire cable. So the optical extender consisting of two
modules - one transmitter and one receiver- is developed. The transmitter connects to a computer/DVD player etc. The
receiver connects to a display. Between the two modules, four-core ribbon fibre is used to transmit the video and audio
signals. HDMI needs four differential pairs, so we design the parallel optical transmitter based on VCSEL array and
VCSEL driver chip HXT3404 from Gigoptix and the parallel optical receiver based on PIN array and transimpedance
amplifier chip HXR3404. Each channel can reach 3.125Gbps, so the data speed of the optical extender is 12.5Gbps. The
experiment shows that the optical extender can transfer the video and audio data to the display uint 100 meter away.
Optical phase transmultiplexing to support traffic grooming in transparent optical networks
Guo-Wei Lu
Show abstract
Advanced phase modulation formats, such as differential binary phase-shift keying (DPSK), differential
quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK), and differential eight-ary phase-shift keying (D8PSK), and so on,
have attracted considerable research attention as promising candidates for future optical communication
systems. To accommodate different requirements such as nonlinear and dispersion tolerance, implementation
complexity or spectral efficiency in different regions of networks, several different modulation formats are
expected to coexist in the future optical network. For example, low-speed binary modulation formats may be
deployed in the edge networks such as metro or access networks, whereas high-speed or multi-level
modulation formats are preferred to be employed at the core networks to support high-speed long-haul
transmission. To support the transparent cross-connection among various networks, and the traffic grooming
from low-speed edge networks to high-speed core networks, optical phase transmultiplexing technology is
highly desirable.
In this paper, we report an all-optical phase interleaving technology to phase-multiplex 3x10-Gb/s
differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signals to a single 30-Gb/s
DPSK, and an optical phase-modulated format conversion scheme to convert 2x10-Gb/s DPSK WDM to a
single quadrature 20-Gb/s differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK). The proposed schemes are
based on four-wave mixing effect in highly-nonlinear fiber. Different from conventional optical signal
processing schemes, the proposed schemes are achieved in optical phase domain directly. Experiments were
performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed schemes. Both of them could be applied in transparent
optical networks to act as an optical phase transmultiplexer enabling traffic grooming and cross-connection
among different networks.