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- Front Matter: Volume 7144
- Land Use and Land Cover Change
- Urban and Regional Planning and Development
- GIS Development and Management
- Transportation, Network, and Location Analysis
Front Matter: Volume 7144
Front Matter: Volume 7144
Show abstract
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7144, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
Land Use and Land Cover Change
The conjugated evolvement of land use change with landscape pattern based on RS/GIS in watershed scale: a case study of middle and lower reaches of the Hanjing Basin
Show abstract
The conjugated evolvement between land use/cover change (LUCC) and landscape pattern are appeared as their
relevancies in space-time scale. In this paper, the data resources are combined the conventional maps and statistics with
two temporal TM images in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjing Basin in 1995 and 2000, and the system
analysis are made to the coefficient of land use intensity (the COLUI), composite index of landscape pattern (the CILP),
and their changes. The platform of spatial data processing is software ERDAS and ARC/INFO, and the attribute data are
calculated with software ACCESS, EXCEL and SPSS. The results of statistical and correlation analysis show the rules of
conjugated evolvement between LUCC and landscape pattern, that is, there is a remarkable negative correlation between
the COLUI and the CILP in this region. In 1995, the correlation coefficient between the COLUI and the CILP is -0.572
with the confidence level 0.01, it means that the probability of negative correlation is 99%. In 2000, this correlativity is
increased, the correlation coefficient is -0.683 with the confidence level 0.001, meaning that the probability of negative
correlation between the COLUI and the CILP is 99.9%. The spatial analysis shows that the correlativity is associated
markedly with relief types in spatial distribution in the study region. The correlativity between the indexes in the plain
and mountainous regions is higher than in the hilly county, meaning that the land use structure and landscape pattern are
illogicality. In the hilly county, the COLUI and the CILP are high, but the correlation is illegibility, meaning that the land
use structure and landscape pattern are in reason. The temporal analysis shows that the degree of correlation is trended to
increase with time.
Using anomaly detection method and multi-temporal Radarsat images for short-term land use/land cover change detection
JunPing Qian,
XiaoYue Chen,
Xia Li,
et al.
Show abstract
Rapid urbanization took place in the Pearl River Delta of south China since 1980. Although drastic land use change took
place in very short interval within this area, hardly any research has been done on this phenomenon for lacking of
available data. Remote sensing is presently the most favorable observation method for land use and land cover change
(LUCC) researches. While located in the south of China, the Pearl River Delta suffers from heavy cloud cover for more
than half of the year. This makes real-time LUCC monitoring and change detection almost impossible with commonly
used optical remote sensing data. In this paper, the orbital highest resolution SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data - Fine Mode Radarsat data was used for trail of short-term land use change detection. Three scenes of repeat-pass
Radarsat data was collected over the study area. Although repeat-pass Radarsat enable continuous land use monitoring
under all weather condition, images acquired during different time are inevitably affected by seasonal land cover change
and variable environmental status such as air humidity and raining. Besides, some significant observation bias might be
induced because of the platform and sensor instability. All these variations and instability made short-term land use
change detection quite a perplex problem. In this paper, short-term land use change caused by human activity was
considered as abnormal phenomena in both spatial and temporal domain in time series images. And a Density-based
Anomaly Detection (DBAD) algorithm was designed to detect abnormally changed land parcels in time series Radarsat
images. Firstly, totally 3 scenes of fine mode Radarsat images were collected in the study area from January 1st to May
3rd, 2006. Simply stacked temporal images reveal apparent backscattering variation between the three scenes of images,
which mainly owes to the fast vegetable growth during the observation period. Then image segmentation was done on
the multi-temporal Radarsat images and object features including mean value of backscattering coefficient (Mean),
minimal value of backscattering (Min), homogeneity of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCMhomo) and dissimilarity
of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCMdis) were extracted basing on segmented image objects. After that change-vector
was constructed for each land objects. In the third step DBAD algorithm was applied to the change vector dataset
to detect anomaly change in the 3 scenes of images. Finally field surveying data plus manual interpretation were used
for validation. Comparing with object-based image regression method, DBAD results in better accuracy. Besides, data
validation also shows that DBAD have better accuracy in both under-constructed area and newly built up area (error
lower than 12%). While for built up area and some mixed used area, it gains relatively lower accuracy than other land
types (from 10% to 28.57%). To conclude, short-term land use change in time series images could be defined as spatial
and temporal anomaly in remote sensing images. By extending traditional anomaly detection to spatial-temporal
anomaly detection, land use change caused by human activity could be effectively detected during short time intervals.
The algorithm DBAD focus only on the density of change vectors in feature space, which is independent of the
amplitude and direction of change vectors. This enable DBAD effectively discriminate temporal image variation caused
by observation system, environment or seasonal land cover change, especially in vegetation and cultivated area which
changed remarkably during the observation period, from land use change caused by human activities. This helps to
decrease the false alarming in short-term change detection.
The study on LUCC and its human drive factors in Quanzhou City
Show abstract
Based on the 1988 and 2000 remote sensing data and the "3S" technology, we not only attempt to analyze the dynamic
change form the structure of quantity and spatial change of Land Use in Quanzhou City, but also use the representatively
correlation method to explain the interrelation between this change of Land Use and the social economic factors, by the
CANCORR program of SPSS. Furthermore, according to the viewpoint of Humanism, we try to find out the function of
the social power factors, the social culture factors which conclude natural view, axiology, dietetically custom, habitation
fashion and consumed tropism .etc and the developing industries of local color on the Land Use change. From this
research, the result show: 1) the structure of quantity of Land Use change remarkably from county to county, the most
reducing quantity of paddy field, dry land and garden plot are separately the county of DeHua, HuiAn and NanAn. And
the most driver factor is the developing industries of local color; 2) the type change of Land Use caused by the
production value of extractive industry, light industry and the third industry, basic contracture investment, output of tea
and fruit, convenient extent of road and income of per farmer and so on in Quanzhou City between 1988 and 2000. In a
word, the dynamic change of Land Use impact by more factors we have mentioned, and it's extend is more and more
multistage, especially in Quanzhou City. As we study, the dynamic change of Land Use is enslaved to human factors in
Quanzhou City.
Land-use/land-cover change detection using change-vector analysis in posterior probability space
Xuehong Chen,
Jin Chen,
Miaogen Shen,
et al.
Show abstract
Land use/land cover change is an important field in global environmental change research. Remote sensing is a valuable
data source from which land use/land cover change information can be extracted efficiently. A number of techniques for
accomplishing change detection using satellite imagery have been formulated, applied, and evaluated, which can be
generally grouped into two types. (1) Those based on spectral classification of the input data such as post-classification
comparison and direct two-date classification; and (2) those based on radiometric change between different acquisition
dates. The shortage of type 1 is cumulative error in image classification of an individual date. However, radiometric
change approaches has a strict requirement for reliable image radiometry.
In light of the above mentioned drawbacks of those two types of change detection methods, this paper presents a new
method named change vector analysis in posterior probability space (CVAPS). Change-vector analysis (CVA) is one of
the most successful radiometric change-based approaches. CVAPS approach incorporates post-classification
comparison method and CVA approach, which is expected to inherit the advantages of two traditional methods and
avoid their defects at the same time. CVAPS includes the following four steps. (1) Images in different periods are
classified by certain classifier which can provide posterior probability output. Then, the posterior probability can be
treated as a vector, the dimension of which is equal to the number of classes. (2) A procedure similar with CVA is
employed. Compared with traditional CVA, new method analyzes the change vector in posterior probability space
instead of spectral feature space. (3) A semiautomatic method, named Double-Window Flexible Pace Search (DFPS), is
employed to determine the threshold of change magnitude. (4) Change category is discriminated by cosines of the
change vectors.
CVAPS approach was applied and validated by a case study of land use change detection in urban area of Shenzhen,
China using multi-temporal TM data. Kappa coefficients of "change/no-change" detection and "from-to" types of
change detection were employed for accuracy assessment. The experimental results show that CVAPS outperform than
post-classification comparison method and can avoid cumulative error effectively. Besides, radiometric correction is not
needed in this method compared with traditional CVA. Therefore, it is indicated that CVAPS is potentially useful in
land-use/land-cover change detection.
A study on human driving mechanism of land use/cover change in rural villages from microscale: a case study of Zhaigou Village and Zhuangshang Village
Jingyu Liu,
Bin Li,
Jie Chang
Show abstract
At present the study on land use/cover change from microscale in the typical district is one of the important studies of the
LUCC. And the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is also a widely adopted research method in this field. In this
article, we selected a typical district in the mountain areas of west Henan province and studied the human driving
mechanism of LUCC by means of PRA from the microscale. The conclusion is that the action of the committee of the
villages, the policy, the concept of rural inhabitants, comparative advantage and the development of rural economy are
the main driving factors at the typical district in Yiluo River Basin.
Land use/land cover change geo-informative Tupu of Nujiang River in Northwest Yunnan Province
Jin-liang Wang,
Yue-yuan Yang,
You-ju Huang,
et al.
Show abstract
Land Use/Land Cover Change (LUCC) is the core components of global change researches. It is significant for
understanding regional ecological environment and LUCC mechanism of large scale to develop the study of LUCC of
regional level. Nujiang River is the upper reaches of a big river in the South Asia--Salween River. Nujiang River is a
typical mountainous river which is 3200 kilometer long and its basin area is 32.5 × 105 square kilometer. It locates in the
core of "Three Parallel Rivers" World Natural Heritage. It is one of international biodiversity conservation center of the
world, the ecological fragile zone and key ecological construction area, as well as a remote undeveloped area with high
diversity ethnic. With the rapidly development of society and economy, the land use and land cover changed in a great
degree. The function of ecosystem has being degraded in some areas which will not only impact on the ecological
construction of local area, but also on the ecological safety of lower reaches -- Salween River. Therefore it is necessary
to carry out the research of LUCC of Nujiang River.
Based on the theory and methods of geo-information Tupu, the "Spatial Pattern" and "Change Process" of land use of
middle reach in Nujiang River from 1974 to 2004 had been studied in quantification and integration, so as to provide a
case study in local area and mesoscale in time. Supported by the remote sensing and GIS technology, LUCC Tupu of
1974-2004 had been built and the characteristics of LUCC have been analyzed quantificationally. The results showed
that the built-up land (Included in this category are cities, towns, villages, strip developments along highways,
transportation, power, and communications facilities, and areas such as those occupied by mills, shopping centers,
industrial and commercial complexes, and institutions that may, in some instances, be isolated from urban areas),
agriculture land, shrubbery land, meadow & grassland, difficultly/unused land increased from 1974 to 2004, the
increased area of shrubbery land was the greatest, while the area of forest, artificial forest, waters, glacier and snow
covered land decreased. The biggest decreased area was forest land. The biggest LUCC was the transformation from
forest land to shrubbery land, the transformation from forest land to rangeland and agriculture land was the second. The
main area of LUCC located at Nujiang River valley, between 2200-3700m of the east slope in the Gaoligong Mountain
and 2800-3900m of the west slope of the Biluo Snow Mountain. From the valley to peak of mountain, the main land use
type was transited from built-up land, agricultures land, artificial forest land to natural forest, shrubbery and grass land.
The natural forest was the main land in the past 30 years. The main driving forces were the increase of population of
local area, the governmental policies (Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grass Land Projects, etc.) and urbanization.
In order to accelerate the sustainable development of society economy and the ecological environment protection in this
ecological fragile zone, strict management should be adopted to adjust the behaviors of human beings. Finally, VCM
(variable clumping method) curve had been used to analyses the internal spatial distribution difference of land-use/land
cover which shown that the landscape fragmentation was increased, the number of patches was added, the distance
between patches was diminished during the past thirty years (1974-2004).
Landscape patterns and the optimal utilization of alpine grassland based on RS and GIS approach: a case study in TianZhu alpine grassland, Gansu Province, China
Jun Zhao,
Wei Wei,
Cui-qin Feng,
et al.
Show abstract
Using RS, GIS, landscape ecological technology to analyze landscape patterns based on alpine grassland region as the
study area and TM/ETM+ image in 2002 as the study data in this article. Landscape patterns in the study area have been
analyzed from such point of view as the landscape's patch characters, shapes, and spatial distributions through the
indexes of diversity, predominance, fragmentation, evenness, and etc. The analysis on the ecological landscape patterns
of land using indicates that the grassland occupies 45.45% and the woodland occupies 31.53% of the whole area. They
are the main landscape types, which occupy 76.98% of the total study area and grassland is the matrix of the whole
landscape according to ecological definitions. The distribution of landscape types has evident altitudinal tonality, and the
distribution order is approximately as follows: town-residential area-farmland-grassland-woodland-unused land from
valley to mountain top for the big vertical space of the height above the sea level. Take species protection as target
communities, and depend on the surface pervasion consuming and the minimum clog model, we have designed much
secure approaches of landscape patterns. Through analyzing we know the area of the chiasms buffer of class one in the
grassland and the woodland is2422.15hm2 and the perimeter is 19882.02km. The area of the buffer of class two is
879.79hm2 and its perimeter is 10552.96km. Some fields and segments based on the minimum clog model need to pay
much attention to: 1. The batch around cost isoclines layers in the central of grassland. 2. The Grassland-Woodland
Ecotone should be mainly protected, and the textures among the small batches must be marked out in order to reduce the
obstruction which species across the boundary. 3. It must prevent the interferences caused by human being activities in
the ecotone, and improve the using efficiency of physical flows and circulation efficiency of nutritional elements. 4. The
isolated habitat batches and big landscapes must be joined together to keep species continuance and bio-diversity
increasing. Through advanced study, the number of landscape of the study area is simplex and integrated. The residentindustrial
land and plantation landscape are separated and fragmentized. The matrix of grassland is preponderant. These
results show that the study area has been disturbed by human being activities at present, but still in the safe range. We
compared the study results with the field survey results, and found out that in the total of nineteen villages and towns,
there are nine villages and towns in the range of safety area. The area is 358600 hm2, which occupies 50.16% of the total
study area. About five villages and towns are in the range of critical safety area. The area is 187500 hm2, which occupies
26.23%. Other villages and towns are in the range of insecure area. The area is 168800 hm2, which occupies 23.61%.
The results also indicate that the study area is safe as a whole, but the incertitude and insecurity areas have occupied 1/4
of the total. The ecological safety problem is extremely urgent and must be paid attention to and dealed with at once. The
critical secure villages and towns are the easiest areas where can turn to insecurity from less safety. In addition, these
critical secure villages and towns have larger areas than other types. So they must be prearranged and protected as a
pivot. As the financial increasing in the alpine grassland area, its livestock and population have increased a lot in recent
years. The pressure on the ecology and the environment will become more serious. So the inconsistency of the alpine
grassland resources between their using and protection should be solved in time. How to accelerate the alpine grassland
areas' sustainable using is the most important problem we have to resolve. In the process of analyzing, using pattern
optimizing method, we have analyzed their relationships, whole landscape spatial structures and optimizing schemes.
These innovations not only can provide decision-making support for the environment protection and cure, the biology
diversity protection and the grassland sustainable using, but also can provide references on landuse optimizing and
degenerate environment renewing for other similar areas. The method provides a good ecological route on the level's
relevancy, and it's also a good supplement to the conventional landscape programming based on feasible evaluation.
Under the guidance of the landscape ecology principles and methods, combining landscape using and landscape
optimizing, a series of problems could be solved. Using RS and GIS technology, we can understand the main landscape
about the grassland and the woodland through quantitative analysis in spatial patterns. This technology can reveal
idiographic landscape structures and related problems of the study area. In a word, these methods are very valuable and
convenient to analyze ecological landscape problems. However, the analysis data is not very ideal. For example, RS
images scan cycle is long and its spatial resolution is poor. So it is difficult to get better images of grassland in the
growing season under the interferential condition. The data is too complex to analyze one by one. Some results have
shortages in calculating and analyzing precision. It will be ameliorated in the future study.
Urban land use change detection through spatial statistical analysis using multi-temporal remote sensing data
Feixue Li,
Manchun Li,
Jian Liang,
et al.
Show abstract
Numerous remote sensing change detection methods have been used in urban land use change identification and
analysis, in which image regression is regarded as effective as other approaches. Traditional image regression
approaches for change detection often produce unsatisfactory results by assuming the relationships in study data in a
consistent manner in place, and spatial correlation between pixels inherent in remote sensing images is usually ignored in
the analysis. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) addresses this weakness by obtaining local parameter
estimates for each observation. This paper reports preliminary results from a study applying GWR to the land use change
detection in urban center and urban fringe of Nanjing city, China, using satellite images of 2000 and 2004. The results
show that the use of GWR can identify the land use change, the global patterns, the local patterns, as well as the points
not consistent with local patterns in the urban environment; and the under-development and over-development points are
also detected by GWR model.
Research on land use/cover change of Wuhan based on object oriented image interpretation method
Haiyan Zhu,
Aiwen Lin
Show abstract
Higher resolution remote sensor has already become the significant instrument to obtain the change information quickly,
veraciously, and comprehensively. Two different remote sensing images are used to obtain the change information by
using an object oriented analyzing method in Land Use/Cover Change. Data is gathered according to the images'
resolution, characteristic, size and texture property of the earth surface objects. Meanwhile, the color, shape, smoothness,
and compactness of the images are reviewed to form many-adjacent-pixel objects which contain more semantic
information. Combined with the knowledge of land use classification and loading classifier of discriminate class, a
characteristic space is defined to establish a knowledge base. Two or three different typical features are chosen to serve
as the training samples, and a data base could be completed successfully. Non-segmented or error-segmented objects are
adjusting into correct ones favorably. Analyzing the data, only the areas of the lands for construction purpose and
reservoir and bottomland have been increased in the whole city, while the areas of arable land, river and lake land,
woodland, grassland, and not exploited or developed land have been decreased in more or less degree, which means that
a tendency to expansion has become more and more significant.
Yangzhou City land use dynamic monitoring using multi-temporal remote sensing techniques
Show abstract
Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of land use could detect the change information of land use and update the current
land use map, which is important for rational utilization and scientific management of land resources. This paper
focused on the technological procedure of land use dynamic monitoring using multi-temporal remote sensed data,
including the process of multi-temporal remote sensed images, the information classification and information extraction
from remote sensing imagery, and analysis of land use changes. Based on multi-temporal remote sensed imagery of
three periods in 1954, 1998 and 2002, Yangzhou city was chosen as the study area, and extraction after classified
method had been used to monitor land use changes during 1954 to 2002. While classifying, the object-oriented method
was used to extract features from different temporal imagery. The extraction results showed that the residential land in
Yangzhou city increased largely from 9.72 km2 to 21.35km2, and the arable land decreased a great deal from 23.99 km2
to 9.64 km2. Urban expansion was toward to east. Finally, the main driving forces were analyzed, and multivariable
linear regression model was used to explore the primary and secondary forces.
Land use/cover change detection based on span of land use map
Hong Zhang,
Ning Shu
Show abstract
Based on the analysis and summarizations of researched home and aboard, the dissertation focused on Land Use/Cover
Change Detection Using Feature Database of basic types Based on Land Use span, which belongs to "Feature class" of
LUCC. It should be pointed out that the researches must be focused on the land use spans other then traditional methods
of the pixels.The main contributions of the study were summarized as follows:1. Feature extraction based on land use
span. The land use span is expressed by vector polygon along with raster region. First the spectrum feature database
with histogram, texture and shape feathers of the span is formed.2. Foundation and update of feature database. In detail,
firstly, by means of the sample spans according to land use map in time T1, the features of each type of the land use
classes are obtained in time T1. Secondly, each sample are analyzed, if the index of regional similarity between the
image spans of T1 and T2 is accepted, the samples in time T2 could be remained, otherwise the new samples around
that sample are selected and are judged by the similarity between the samples of T1. 3. Change detection based on spans
and feature database. Each spans of T2 will be classified according to the minimum Euclidean distance to the T2 sample
spans accepted, and the corresponding land use type will be assigned to the current span. 4. Change information is
extraction automatically based on Boolean operations. After classifications have been performed, the changed spans
were vectored, then the change information can be statistic through the different Boolean operations in GIS, and various
change analysis can be made (i.e. urbanization and loss of the stew). The method is tested on the Quick Bird images of a
district in Wuhan and the precision of the results is high as 85.7% (in loss of the stew) and 92.6% (in urbanization).
Trends and driving mechanism of land-use change in metropolitan areas of Pearl River Delta
Feng-gui Chen,
Hong-ou Zhang,
Juan Wang,
et al.
Show abstract
Taking Pearl River Delta for an example this study focuses on the trends and the driving mechanism of land-use changes
in metropolises, in order to achieve the fundamental objectives of LUCC study increasing the awareness on dynamics of
global land-use and land-cover changes, and improving the ability of forecasting LUCC. By analyzing the land-use
change in Pearl River Delta from 1996 to 2006, it is found that the differences among internal space are notable. By
establishing time-sequence-curve with SPSS software, it is shown that trends of land-use change are very clear. With
factor analysis on land-use change, the study summarizes four factors of driving mechanism, including factors of
economic development level, regional industrial structure, demographic and agricultural structure adjustment, which
impact land change in Pearl River Delta to a different extent.
Distinguishing the impacts of land use and arid process on natural potential productivity of cultivated land in the north farming pastoral zone of China
Show abstract
The paper distinguished the impacts of land use and arid process on the Natural Potential Productivity of Cultivated Land
(NPPCL) in the North Farming - Pastoral Zone of China (NFPZC) from 1990 to 2000 with the integration of remote
sensing technique and Geographical Information System (GIS). The arid processes in NFPZC from 1970 to 2006 were
analyzed. The land use processes from 1990 to 2000 were investigated. The NPPCL in NFPZC from 1990 to 2000 were
calculated by using the Thornthwaite-Memorial model. And finally the influences of land use and arid process on the
NPPCL in NFPZC from 1995 to 2007 were distinguished by using the powerful spatial analysis function of GIS. The
main results were as follows:
(1) In spite of some climate variation, it still had an obvious arid process in the NFPZC during the past three decades.
Such arid process made the NPPCL in the NFPZC decrease 16.61 million tons from 1990 to 1995 and 19.55 million tons
from 1995 to 2000.
(2) From 1990 to 2000, cultivated land in NFPZC changed intensively. It expanded from 231907 km2 in 1990 to 238032
km2 in 1995 and 244109 km2 in 2000. Such land use process caused the NPPCL in the NFPZC increase 5.36 million tons
from 1990 to 1995 and 4.48 million tons from 1995 to 2000.
(3) Influenced simultaneously by land use and arid process, NPPCL also changed obviously in NFPZC from 1990 to
2000 with 11.24 million tons decrease during 1990 and 1995 and 15.08 million tons decrease during 1995 and 2000
respectively. Spatially, the NPPCL is sensitive to arid process in the Northwest area of NFPZC, governed by Shanxi
province, Gansu province and Ningxia autonomous region. While in the Northeast area of NFPZC governed by Hebei
province and Shanxi provinces, land use play the dominate role to influence NPPCL. It suggested that the impacts of
both the cultivated land loss and the climate change on cultivated land productivity should be simultaneously concerned
to avoid food problems in China.
The urban expansion trends in the city of Nanjing based on RS and GIS
Jian Yang,
Yingxia Pu
Show abstract
With the acceleration of the Chinese urbanization, the problems between social economy and environment are
increasingly serious, and the contradiction between men and land is even more evident. Therefore, how will the urban
land growth in cities tend to change? How can we use urban land in an appropriate way? These have become hot topics
among many scientific fields.
In this paper, we take Nanjing city as an example, using remote sensing and GIS technology to reveal the spatial-temporal
dynamics of urban expansion. According to the specific development stages of Nanjing, we classify the whole
period into two phases which are 1988-1997, and 1997-2001, and use TM remote sensing images for the years 1988,
1997, 2001 as the basic data sources. In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of urban land use, we divide the land
use type into three types, which are urban land, watershed and green lands through Supervised Classification method. In
this study, we use annual changing rate and the urban land expansion index to understand the urban expansion of each
region in Nanjing city. Finally, we provide some suggestions to keep the urban land sustainable.
Land use change and its driving forces in Beijing during 1996-2006
Yuqi Chen,
Jianlin Li,
Dehai Zhu
Show abstract
With significant socioeconomic development and increasing population, land use change is the crucial land management
issue in Beijing. The new characteristics of land use change during 1996-2006 and its driving forces in Beijing were
analyzed by land use surveying data, which was more accurate and can reflect the real content about land use than
remote sensing images. In order to investigate the quantitative information, the direction and spatial pattern of land use
change, the transition matrix, landscape metrics and centroid model are chosen in this paper. The study indicates: 1) The
land use types of Beijing converted frequently. The area of cropland and grassland lost evidently; much of them
converted into residential and industrial land. 2) The number of patches increased rapidly in Beijing during these years.
Most land use types had the fragment tendency except for traffic land and residential and industrial land. 3) Centroid
model represented the spatial expansion of the cropland and residential and industrial land. The study proposed that
increasing population and developing economy were the main driving forces of land use change in Beijing these years.
Using projection pursuit learning network architecture to detect land use changes
Show abstract
A robust method to conduct land use change detection between multi-temporal images using projection pursuit learning
network architecture (PPLNA) is proposed. The method uses a parallel approach that includes three different PPLNs:
two of them are used to generate the change map using the multi-spectral information, while the third produces a change
mask exploiting multi-temporality. The distinctive feature and major merit of PPLNA from traditional neural network for
land use change detection are the proposed method simultaneously exploits both the post classification of multi-spectral
and multi-temporal information that is associated with the changes values of the pixel spectral reflectance, and hence
improve the change detection accuracies. To validate the performance of the proposed method, the experiments using the
ETM+ images for the area of Calgary have been carried out. The accuracies of the final classification and change
detection maps have been evaluated with ground truth comparisons. The experimental result demonstrates that the
proposed method achieves better accuracies.
A study of land use/land cover information extraction classification technology based on DTC
Show abstract
Decision Tree Classification (DTC) is one organizational form of the multi-level recognition system, which changes the
complicated classification into simple categories, and then gradually resolves it. The paper does LULC Decision Tree
Classification research on some areas of Gansu Province in the west of China. With the mid-resolution remote sensing
data as the main data resource, the authors adopt decision-making classification technology method, taking advantage of
its character that it imitates the processing pattern of human judgment and thinking and its fault-tolerant character, and
also build the decision tree LULC classical pattern. The research shows that the methods and techniques can increase the
level of automation and accuracy of LULC information extraction, and better carry out LULC information extraction on
the research areas. The main aspects of the research are as follows: 1. We collected training samples firstly, established a
comprehensive database which is supported by remote sensing and ground data; 2. By utilizing CART system, and
based on multiply sources and time phases remote sensing data and other assistance data, the DTC's technology
effectively combined the unsupervised classification results with the experts' knowledge together. The method and
procedure for distilling the decision tree information were specifically developed. 3. In designing the decision tree, based
on the various object of types classification rules, we established and pruned DTC'S model for the purpose of achieving
effective treatment of subdivision classification, and completed the land use and land cover classification of the research
areas. The accuracy of evaluation showed that the classification accuracy reached upwards 80%.
Visualizing research of land use land cover change
Yi-Chen Wang,
Chen-Chieh Feng
Show abstract
Land use/cover change (LUCC) has emerged in the research agenda on global environmental change since the mid-1970s. Considerable progress has been made in LUCC related studies and these research efforts have generated
numerous peer-reviewed papers. Because land use dynamics has also been identified as one of the grand challenges of
the next generation in environmental sciences, it is important to understand the structure and development of the LUCC
research activities. In this study, self-organizing map, a data mining tool that excels in presenting similarities of data
based on data contents, is used to visualize the LUCC research activities. We analyze abstracts and introductions of the
peer-review journal articles from selected journals. More than 600 articles with land use or land cover in their titles or
keywords are included in the analysis. Keywords of the articles, representing different LUCC research topics, are
compiled, and the frequencies of these keywords in the articles are counted. The results are presented in map-like
displays to illustrate LUCC research activities. A total of eight main research clusters are identified and the research
activities within each cluster are discussed.
Land use and environmental change analysis based on remote sensing: a case study of upper stream management of Hsin-Dian River
Show abstract
Taipei Water Source Domain is established to protecting the water source which supplied approximately 5 million
populations in the large Taipei living area to avoid destroy and pollution. Therefore, land management of water source
domain becomes the key point to prevent these problems. Using the remote sensing technology to manage the land use
is the major target in this research. We employed Supervised Classifier to classify the land use and land cover type. We
utilize spatial analysis to investigate the current land use condition and employ post-classification comparison
algorithm for land use types' change analysis. The classification overall accuracy of 2006 is 95.60%. The result of
environmental change detection analysis of land use categories shows that vegetation goes through three period's
growth tendency. However, the change analysis through 1998 to 2006 points out the area near Hsin-Dian and Ping-Lin
had a magnitude change.
Development of spatio-temporal data model based on feature and time-varying sequence of events for land use in the mining area
Show abstract
The land resource in the mining area has been destroyed badly, therefore to establish a land reclamation information
system of mining area based on GIS is of great significance. The spatial information database of land reclamation is a
temporal one due to the change of the land resource within the coal mining area. On the basis of the analysis of the
characteristics of the land resource in the subsidence region and the advantage of Event-based and Feature-Based Spatio-temporal
Data Model, a spatio-temporal data model based on feature and time-varying sequence of events was proposed
in this paper, and this model can be used to manage the land information in the mining area. Meanwhile, the spatial
information query and the analytic method were also studied in this paper. The advantage of this model is to keep the
integrality of feature entity and to connect ground surface event and underground mining event which cause the land
information change in the mining area.
Modeling urban growth with geographically weighted multinomial logistic regression
Jun Luo,
Nagaraj Kapi Kanala
Show abstract
Spatial heterogeneity is usually ignored in previous land use change studies. This paper presents a geographically
weighted multinomial logistic regression model for investigating multiple land use conversion in the urban growth
process. The proposed model makes estimation at each sample location and generates local coefficients of driving factors
for land use conversion. A Gaussian function is used for determine the geographic weights guarantying that all other
samples are involved in the calibration of the model for one location. A case study on Springfield metropolitan area is
conducted. A set of independent variables are selected as driving factors. A traditional multinomial logistic regression
model is set up and compared with the proposed model. Spatial variations of coefficients of independent variables are
revealed by investigating the estimations at sample locations.
Land use/cover changes between 1990 and 2000 based on remote sensing and GIS in Pearl River Delta, China
Zhiliang Chen,
Xulong Liu,
Xiaochun Peng,
et al.
Show abstract
In recent decades, land use/cover change and its consequences have been an important aspect of geography, ecology,
environment science and global change. The Pearl River Delta lying on the mouth of the Pearl River, South China, is an
important ecostone between sea and river, terrestrial and hydrology. Since 1990, Land use/cover has changed greatly due
to the rapid urbanization in the Pearl River Delta. Farmland area decreases 1414.75km2 from 13504.1 km2 to 12089.35
km2, the proportion to total land area decreases from 32.82% to 29.35%. Forestland area decreases 904.26 km2 between
1990 and 2000. Built land area increases rapidly, in 1990, the area of built land is 1849.60 km2, while in 2000, the built
land area reaches 4427.03 km2, and the increased area is 2577.43 km2. The area of water land, idle land and wetland
decrease 55.72 km2, 141.47km2 and 14.12 km2 respectively. The transition intension of LUCC is unprecedented, about
25.26% area of total Farmland has involved in this conversion, among this conversion, the change area of farmland
converts to built land, water land, forestland, wetland, idle land are 1876.40 km2, 1175.61 km2, 315.83 km2, 31.13 km2
and 12.01 km2, respectively, the immigrated area is 3410.98 km2, and emigrated area is 1994.82 km2, most of those land
use area loss convert into built land. The immigrated area of other land use to built land in turn is: Farmland >water land
>forestland > wetland >idle land, and emigrated area of built land to other land use in turn is as:
Farmland>forestland>water land> wetland>idle land. Idle land change intension reaches 80%.The dynamic index
indicates that these cities (eg. Zhongshan) are associated with the most land use/cover change process. The cities of
Jiangmen, Zhaoqing and Huizhou have lower values of the index. These changes coincide with the land use conversion
process, which can reflect the urban and economic development.
Location effect analysis of land using change in coal mining subsidence area based on RS and GIS
Show abstract
China is one of the large coal mining countries in the world. Coal mining accelerates economic prosperity, as well as
engenders a series of environment problems either. One of the most obvious problems is that coal mining changes the
landforms around the mining areas. Abundant arable area, garden area, forest area and construction area have been
changed under the drive of this dynamic landform. The law that other environment elements change resulting from
transformation of one element can be analysed by location theory---Concentric-Circle Mode (or Circle Layer Mode)
proposed by professor E. W. Burgess of Chicago University. For the case of Longkou coal mining subsidence area in
Shandong province, based on the ground measurement elevation data of the years of 1978, 1989, 1995 and 2004, firstly,
this paper considers the DEM data of 1978 before subsidence as standard elevation, and calculates the difference value
DEM data of three periods through the difference operation of the other later three-period DEM data and the standard
elevation. The coal mining subsidence region and area can be figured out, which is grid region and the overall sum of the
grid area with z<0. Secondly, by choosing the digital remote sensing images which are the same period with the later
three-period DEM data, with operation of the classifier of BP Artificial Nerve Network (BPNN), the author classifies
these images by combining spectral information, texture information of remote sensing image with terrain index. Thirdly,
under the guidance of location theory, the author uses location index to make "location image". Lastly, with spatial
superposition of location image, three-period DEM data and land use classification result, the author figures out the area
and proportion of all the land use types in different locations and the transfer matrix of land use types, and analyses the
rule of space-time change of land use in different locations, in order to explain the location effect that coal mining
subsidence affect land-use change.
Land resource change and its protective countermeasures in the Tumen River Region in China
Fang Li,
Jingping Xu,
Bai Zhang
Show abstract
In this paper, we analyzed the land resource condition, and utilized remote sensing and GIS technique detecting the land
use dynamic from 1976 to 2000 in Tumen River Region, which possess remarkable position in the boundary economic
development among Russia, China and North Korea. Based on these work we explained the existent problems of land
use in this region, and give some countermeasure for land resources sustainable utilization.
Modeling the dynamics of urban growth using multinomial logistic regression: a case study of Jiayu County, Hubei Province, China
Yu Nong,
Qingyun Du,
Kun Wang,
et al.
Show abstract
Urban growth modeling, one of the most important aspects of land use and land cover change study, has attracted
substantial attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use change thus helps relevant policies
made. This study applied multinomial logistic regression to model urban growth in the Jiayu county of Hubei province,
China to discover the relationship between urban growth and the driving forces of which biophysical and social-economic
factors are selected as independent variables. This type of regression is similar to binary logistic regression,
but it is more general because the dependent variable is not restricted to two categories, as those previous studies did.
The multinomial one can simulate the process of multiple land use competition between urban land, bare land,
cultivated land and orchard land. Taking the land use type of Urban as reference category, parameters could be
estimated with odds ratio. A probability map is generated from the model to predict where urban growth will occur as a
result of the computation.
Land use change detection based on remote sensing classification and pixel comparison: a case study
Show abstract
In this paper, land use changes were studied based on remote sensing classification and comparison of overlapping pixels
methods in Jiading district of Shanghai from 1989 to 2006. Multi-source data including four epochs of representative TM
images (in years of 1989, 1995, 2001 and 2006) and the vector topographic map were used in our study. Land use classes
were first extracted by remote sensing classification after the image preprocessing such as geometric correction and
registration, and a change detection method by comparing the pixels in overlapping images was then presented. Based on
the classification results of land use classes with four epochs of TM images, the changes of land uses in three time
intervals that 1989-1995, 1995-2001 and 2001-2006 were therefore detected by the detection method, and the conversion
process of land uses classes for nearly 20 years was further analyzed in the study area. The conclusion was finally made
that the continuous construction of building, road and greenbelt in Jiading district in past decades costs the expenses on a
lot of cropland, forest and orchard land.
Landscape change based on RS and GIS in the Jinghe basin, China
Show abstract
Based on digital Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM+) (1986, 1995, and 2000) imagery interpretation, landscape
changes were analyzed in the Jinghe basin, one of the soil erosion regions in China, to provide basic data for local
decision-making as well as sustainable landscape use and management. Results showed that landscape from 1986 to
2000 changed at the basin scale as the area of grassland, shrubland, sparse forestland, and water area decreased, while
cropland, built-up land, unused land, other forestland, and forestland increased. Landscape changes mainly occurred in
cropland, grassland, built-up land, shrubland, and sparse forestland. Moreover, the changes and area in cropland and
grassland were the largest, influencing the whole characteristics of the changes in the Jinghe basin. Analysis of the
changes between 1986 and 2000 in the study area indicated that bidirectional change between 1995 and 2000 was more
obvious than between 1986 and 1995. But landscape use extent between 1986 and 1995 was bigger than between 1995
and 2000. Landscape developed continuously and transformed obviously before 1995, and which were in the regulation
stage after 1995. Based on comparing characteristics between big and small remote sensing satellites, we thought that
small satellite could be applied in landscape ecology and land use etc for its merit. We were in preparation for using and
validating data from a small satellite in studying landscape changes and comparing the results with some results from a
small satellite data.
Urban expansion analysis based on multi-temporal remote sensing and GIS in Wujiang, a typical desakota in Sunan, China (1978-2004)
Yuexia Zhu,
Xiaoxiang Zhang,
Huijuan A
Show abstract
Rapid economic development during the last three decades has caused a large urban expansion in China, especially in the
eastern and coastal areas of China. In these areas, a special urban expansion mode, Desakota (Semi-urbanization), is very
popular. Wujiang, a typical Desakota are in Sunan, is chose as the research area to study the special urban expansion
based on multi-temporal Remote Sensing and GIS.
In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classification and post-classification change detection techniques were
applied to Landsat MSS/TM images acquired in 1978, 1986, 1993, 2000, and 2004, respectively, to map land cover
changes in the Wujiang, China. A supervised classification was carried out on the five images individually with the aid
of ground truth data. Ground truth information collected during two field trips conducted between 2005, 2007 and land
use map of 1997, 2004 were used to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Using ancillary data, visual
interpretation and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further refined the classification results. Post-classification
change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation calculation. Changes among
different land cover classes were assessed. During the study period, a very severe land cover change has taken place as a
result of industrial and urban development projects. These changes in land cover led to cropland degradation in the study
area.
Result indicates the environmental impacts of urban sprawl of Wujiang. The research suggests that human activities,
such as urbanization and industrialization, were playing a much more significant role in the change of land cover and
landscape pattern during the last 30 years from 1978.
Research of spatial structure of land-use change based on RS and GIS technology
Show abstract
Based on DOM, we use remote sensing (RS) and GIS technology to conduct a macro-description and micro-quantitative
analysis research on the dynamic change of Guangzhou City's land-use. We first of all extract the information of
Guangzhou City's land-use change, study on a general scale the situations of land-use change in all districts of
Guangzhou City, and build a model related to the dynamic change of land-use. Then we analyze the mutual conversions
between each land-use type and try to find out the reasons for the conversions. The results show that: The absolute
volume of Guangzhou City's land-use type change is huge, in which conversions within the first land-use type
predominate; the farmland decrease relatively fast and adjustable land-use type increase substantially. This paper offers
some reference to the rapidly-developing urban land-use.
Sensitivity of Landsat MSS and TM to land cover change in the Golden Horseshoe, Ontario, Canada
Jamie FitzGibbon,
Dongmei Chen
Show abstract
An ideal situation for conducting change detection is to use multi-temporal images acquired from the same sensor.
However, many conditions (such as the discontinuity of sensors, weather conditions) would bring an end to the ideal
temporal change detection. Imagery availability issues will force change detection studies in the future to increasingly
incorporate multiple sensors. This study conducted change detection between Landsat TM (TM) and Landsat MSS
(MSS) images from July 30, 1995 to June 2, 2003. The study area was centered on the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in
south-central Ontario, Canada. Post-classification change detection was used to determine the type of change between
the images. Results demonstrated that despite the different spatial resolution of the MSS and TM data, the change
detection using both MSS and TM was similar in results to that of TM alone. A change detection where MSS is
resampled to 30 meters was most effective in capturing the amount and type of change in the TM change study.
Urban and Regional Planning and Development
Assessments of Hangzhou urban growth near the Xixi wetland using remote sensing data
Show abstract
This study has demonstrated that quantification of subpixel percent imperviousness over time provides a good estimate
of urban LCLU change. Furthermore, the combination of Landsat satellite data and high-resolution Quickbird imagery
provides the necessary spatial information needed to support subpixel impervious change detection. Subpixel percent
imperviousness mapping also provides more information on the spatial extent and intensity of urban LCLU change. This
approach provides considerable flexibility in capturing the heterogeneity of urban landcover characteristics.
Quantification of urbanization through mapping impervious surface change provides useful data for urban dynamic
simulation including model calibration and validation. Regrouped and categorized sub-pixel ISA data to remove
uncertainties for a small portion of total ISA pixels was performed. After regrouped and categorized sub-pixel ISA data
to remove uncertainties for a small portion of total ISA pixels, the model was used to simulate the historical development
of impervious surfaces in the Hangzhou. After the calibration process, the best parameters that matched current and
historical growth patterns were selected from different urban density change predictions. The model was then used to
make analyze of impervious surface. The results showed lower density urban development to be widespread throughout
the wetland, whereas much of the medium to high-density urban development have occurred in proximity to existing
urban centers.
Strategic planning: building an enterprise geographical information system of Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
Mohamed R. Bualhamam
Show abstract
This research was done to determine the feasibility of creating a fully functional Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) in Ras al Khaimah (RAK) and its implementation strategy and process constrains. The purpose of strategic
planning is to create a framework within which the complexity and interdependency of GIS design and implementation
can be managed. RAK GIS Project (RAKGIS) is intended not only to serve all departments of the local government, but
will embrace the needs of a variety of external agencies, other levels of government, and the private sector. The Emirate
has identified and plan to utilized GIS technology as a means for improving its business processes, infrastructure,
services, information and decision-making. The processes used in this research project can be divided into three distinct
phases: strategy formulation, current situation assessment, and the tactical planning.
The evaluation of land consolidation's benefits based on extensional matter-element model
Show abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe a new method to evaluate land consolidation's benefits. Integrated benefits
evaluation of land consolidation includes the followings: ecological service benefits, social security benefits and
economic development benefits, which are the basis of land consolidation benefit's evaluation. First of all, this paper
built the evaluation index system consisting of target hierarchy, rule hierarchy and evaluating indexes hierarchy. And
then, through calculating integrated correlation degree that influences the benefits, the multi-ingredient of land
consolidation's benefits evaluation was transformed into the single-object decision. According to matter-element model,
extension theory and correlation function, extensional matter-element model was introduced to calculate land
consolidation's benefits. The results indicate that this model can find the interrelationships among the evaluating factors
and then calculate the real value of comprehensive benefits, which makes the post-implementation evaluation more
valid and effective and reflects the level of land consolidation's benefits.
GIS-aided port area plane design on project for Dongluo island-port in Fuzhou
Wei Yang,
Yueguang Zong,
Jinliao He
Show abstract
Up to now, the site selection of deepwater port has become a hot issue in the construction and planning of many estuary
port cities. At the same time, there are various schemes about the location of deepwater port in Fuzhou and different
opinions on them. Under this background, a new project for Dongluo Island-Port has been put forward. Port engineering
has distinct spatial attributes, so its design is closely related to geographic spatial location. According to common
engineering technique standards of seaport's location and construction, this paper explores the port area plane design of
the new project by spatial analysis means of GIS. Main technical processes include applying the ARC/INFO9.0 and
ArcView3.2 software to build elevation data firstly, then overlay the feature coverage to the base map to implement
spatial analysis, and obtain the design coverage for port area finally. Combining with technical criterions of port area
plane design, the paper analyses the design effect and concludes that the berths arrangement accords with the demand of
transport capacity and the items layout accords with the engineering technique criterions as well, therefore the port area
plane design is technically feasible as a whole.
GIS-based study on spatial growth of bi-polar with corridor in the Baltimore-Washington region in the USA
Xiaorui Zhang,
Yueguang Zong,
Jinliao He
Show abstract
The sprawl process in the metropolitan area of the Baltimore-Washington is a typical Bi-polar growing process among
corridors. This paper studies the urbanization of Baltimore-Washington region within 200 years. By using the GIS
software Mapinfo7.0, we gained the ratio changes of urbanized area to non-urbanized area and the radii of incircle and
circumcircle of two regions. Then we took the former as integrated study and the latter as contrastive study. We find
that the metropolitan growth has a 30-40-year cycle phenomenon. Both core growth and corridor growth form the urban
expansion of Baltimore and Washington, but each of them has different rates and characteristics. This process can be
described as "point-line-net-surface growth model". And the urban growth of Baltimore is better than Washington.
Usually, traditional studies of spatial sprawls of Bi-polar of growth with Corridor Structures take the Bi-polar of growth
with Corridor Structures as a whole to study the expanding process, while this paper tries to reveal the law of the spatial
growth of Bi-polar of growth with Corridor Structures by contrasting the growths of cores, the growths of corridors and
the growths of core and corridor in two regions. Moreover, this study is built on the GIS platform and takes the GIS as a
research base by using GIS software to access and processing of remote sensing data. At the same time, the paper uses
the ecological processes model to carry out quantitative study to deepen its understanding on the Bi-polar growing with
corridors structure, and this will conducive to scientific urban and regional planning.
PM2006: a highly scalable urban planning management information system--Case study: Suzhou Urban Planning Bureau
Changfeng Jing,
Song Liang,
Yong Ruan,
et al.
Show abstract
During the urbanization process, when facing complex requirements of city development, ever-growing urban data, rapid
development of planning business and increasing planning complexity, a scalable, extensible urban planning
management information system is needed urgently. PM2006 is such a system that can deal with these problems. In
response to the status and problems in urban planning, the scalability and extensibility of PM2006 are introduced which
can be seen as business-oriented workflow extensibility, scalability of DLL-based architecture, flexibility on platforms of
GIS and database, scalability of data updating and maintenance and so on. It is verified that PM2006 system has good
extensibility and scalability which can meet the requirements of all levels of administrative divisions and can adapt to
ever-growing changes in urban planning business. At the end of this paper, the application of PM2006 in Urban Planning
Bureau of Suzhou city is described.
Urban expansion analysis based on spatial variables derived from multi-temporal remote sensing imagery
Show abstract
In this research, we focus on the spatial pattern of the urban expansion. The spatial pattern of the urban area can be
quantitatively delineated by many spatial variables. Numerous spatial variables have been examined to evaluate their
applicability to the urban change. These metrics include road network accessibility, built-up density and some landscape
metrics. Remote sensing technology was used for monitoring dynamic urban change. Multi-temporal Landsat TM
images (1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2002) were used for the change detection using post-classification
comparison method. The road network and its change were extracted from multitemporal images using the GDPA
algorithm. Contagion, one of the landscape metrics, was selected, because it it can describe the heterogeneity of the
suburban area, where the landuse change is most likely to happen. Analysis has also been conducted to identify the
relationship between urban change and these spatial variables.
The spatial relationship analysis of regional development potential and resource and environment carrying capacity in China
Yan Zhang,
Jianhua Xu,
Gang Zeng,
et al.
Show abstract
The main goal in this study is to explore the spatial relationship of Chinese regional development potential (DP) and
resource & environment carrying capacity (REC) in 2000 and 2006 by using meta-synthesis of spatial statistical analysis
and GIS technique. The results show that: The spatial distribution trend of DP and REC are overall gradient descending
from coastal to inland, then to the western provinces. They all demonstrate that spatial agglomeration with global
significant, namely high-DP regions aggregated in the east, low-DP regions aggregated in the west. The high-REC of
central, eastern and southern China are improved and aggregated, but the low-REC aggregated in northwest. Chinese
regional DP and REC are divided into five different kinds of regions based on the results of k-means clustering analysis
and spatial clustering, which demonstrate that each area's DP and REC's spatial association measure is not very
obviously. Compared to the high-DP region, the low-DP region is more restricted to the REC.
Remote sensing- and GIS-based analysis of construction land change in the late 1990s in the Sichuan Province
Show abstract
A study on the change feature of the construction land is very important to the construction land plan and management in
Sichuan Province. Therefore, this paper tries to discover the change feature of the construction land in Sichuan province
by using the technologies of remote sensing and GIS. The dynamic change feature revealed in the paper is that the net
increased construction land totally amounts to 33854 hectares that is mainly resulted from the transformation of
cultivation, accounting for percent 84. In terms of the environment features of the construction land change, the net
increased construction land that mainly occurred in the regions with the slope below five degree accounts for percent 88
while that mainly occurred in the regions with slight and light soil erosion accounts for percent 94 and that mainly
occurred in the regions with the environment quality grade above grade seven accounts for percent 91. The spatial
distribution feature of the construction land change is that the net increased construction land is mainly distributed in the
plain and hills, accounting for percent 80, and mainly distributed in Chengdu, Leshan, Meishan and Mianyan cities,
accounting for percent 53. It was also shown that the cites whose construction land sprawled above 0.7 times their areas
in 1995 included Ya'an, Zigong, Leshan and Mianyang.
Shanghai urban green landscape model system based on MapServer
Show abstract
Based on RS and GIS, the 2003a's aerial image data of Shanghai is taken as data source. According to the urban green
landscape theory, the green landscapes are well classified to park, street green landscape, affiliation green landscape,
inhabited green landscape, production green landscape and defending green landscape, et al. Several spatio-temporal
models including the space expansion models and ecological analyzing models for urban green landscape have been
constructed and calculated. Then, based on the ORDBMS platform PostgreSQL and OGIS MapServer, the urban green
landscape database including the above six types green landscapes spatial data and model system of Shanghai have been
developed. At last, using the powerful statistics analysis function of the model system, this paper discusses and reveals
the impacts of urban space development on green landscape pattern, structure and function. At the same time, the general
distribution characteristics of green landscape pattern have been researched at three levels such as green patch level, type
level and mosaics structure of different green landscapes. The urban green landscapes model system of Shanghai based
on MapServer provides a powerful interactive and perfect platform for governments to make urban planning decisions
and landscape study.
Study on data model of large-scale urban and rural integrated cadastre
Liangyong Peng,
Quanyi Huang,
Dequan Gao
Show abstract
Urban and Rural Integrated Cadastre (URIC) has been the subject of great interests for modern cadastre management. It
is highly desirable to develop a rational data model for establishing an information system of URIC. In this paper, firstly,
the old cadastral management mode in China was introduced, the limitation was analyzed, and the conception of URIC
and its development course in China were described. Afterwards, based on the requirements of cadastre management in
developed region, the goal of URIC and two key ideas for realizing URIC were proposed. Then, conceptual
management mode was studied and a data model of URIC was designed. At last, based on the raw data of land use
survey with a scale of 1:1000 and urban conversional cadastral survey with a scale of 1:500 in Jiangyin city, a well-defined
information system of URIC was established according to the data model and an uniform management of land
use and use right and landownership in urban and rural area was successfully realized. Its feasibility and practicability
was well proved.
The measurement for high-level and complex building and model in share property areas
Haiyun Zhao,
Zongyi He,
Gang Cheng,
et al.
Show abstract
This paper has discussed the measurement of house property areas for high-level and complex building. The conditions
analysis based on building itself and surrounding construction site considered, we propose the methods of the
measurement of the side length of outward wall, the coordinates in the housing corner feature points and the area
calculation by total station survey. The method for area calculation with the amendment to housing corner feature points
by total stations been pointed out. The analysis has been investigate to the range between the side length of the wall and
the coordinates obtained through the coordinates observations of the housing corner feature points on the high-level
standards or heterogeneous layer by the total station and the cumulative value measured by steel ruler or handheld range
finder on each side indoor measurement, so that the accuracy of the property areas can be controlled. At the same time
the determination principles and model for share property areas are discussed, two logical models are put forward.
The coupling law of the interaction between economic development and eco-environment in medium-sized city: a case from Lianyungang city in China
Tingyou Li,
Zhenshan Lin,
Biao Xie
Show abstract
City plays a strong role in the development of national economy and society. But its high economic development
speed results in big resource depletion and environmental pressure. The coupling law between economic development
and eco-environment refers to the collection of all interaction non-linear relations among economic, social and eco-environmental
system during the economic development course. Many large cities have been in the medium or later
stage of industrialization while medium-sized cities are just in the beginning for the industrialization. For this special
development period of industrialization of medium-sized city, it is a great practical significance for analyzing the
coupling law of the interaction between economic development and eco-environment. In this paper, Lianyungang City
was selected as the study demonstration area. 6 mathematics models for describing the quantitative relations between
environment and economic development were achieved through the analysis of the relativity and quadratic and cubic
equation fit and regression based on the data of environmental quality, pollutant discharge and economic development in
the period of the years 1983-2006. The results showed that there exists the coupling law of the Interaction between
Economic Development and Eco-environment. Through the establishment of conceptual model, the coupling law of the
interaction between economic development and eco-environment in Lianyungang City was quantitatively analyzed and
studied, which is helpful for the comprehensive policy-making and sustainable development in medium-sized city.
Network-based spatial clustering technique for exploring features in regional industry
Show abstract
In the past researches, industrial cluster mainly focused on single or particular industry and less on spatial industrial
structure and mutual relations. Industrial cluster could generate three kinds of spillover effects, including knowledge,
labor market pooling, and input sharing. In addition, industrial cluster indeed benefits industry development. To fully
control the status and characteristics of district industrial cluster can facilitate to improve the competitive ascendancy of
district industry. The related researches on industrial spatial cluster were of great significance for setting up industrial
policies and promoting district economic development. In this study, an improved model, GeoSOM, that combines
DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) and SOM (Self-Organizing Map) was
developed for analyzing industrial cluster. Different from former distance-based algorithm for industrial cluster, the
proposed GeoSOM model can calculate spatial characteristics between firms based on DBSCAN algorithm and evaluate
the similarity between firms based on SOM clustering analysis. The demonstrative data sets, the manufacturers around
Taichung County in Taiwan, were analyzed for verifying the practicability of the proposed model. The analyzed results
indicate that GeoSOM is suitable for evaluating spatial industrial cluster.
City positioning method based on streetlight
Lan Guo,
Youyi Jiang,
Yongchong Yang,
et al.
Show abstract
The relation between city positioning and people's life & production is very close. City positioning method can reflect
the city's management level and the city's modernization degree. By virtue of the example of digital city management
system, the author first analyzed the traditional method of city positioning, then aiming at the characteristics of
streetlight which distributes regular and neatly in city, put forward the method of city positioning based on streetlight. In
this paper, the author mainly discussed the streetlight's encoding method, positioning method based on streetlight and its
application requests.
Dynamic change and quantitative analysis of Zhelin Bay based on multi-source spatial data
Show abstract
As one of the most important aquatic products raising bases of Guangdong province in China, Zhelin Bay has
experienced high intensity of exploitation and utilization during the recent decades. This paper aims at the dynamic
change of Zhelin Bay, multi-source data of digital land use map, topographical map, and geomorphological map of the
National Coastal Survey of china in 1980s, Landsat TM satellite imagery obtained in 2000, land use data in 2000, as well
as SPOT imagery and land use data from the newly National 908 Remote Sensing Survey were used. The data were
preprocessed in a uniform mathematical foundation at first. Water area rate, open degree, and morphology coefficient
which can depict the change of bays in different respect were taken as quantitative indicators to analyze the
morphological changes of Zhelin Bay. The classification based on these indicators was then made in each period of time.
Finally, the comprehensive spatio-temporal change of the bay was evaluated in a Changing Index model. Analysis results
show that, during the latest 20 years, the water area rate has changed evidently from 0.8503 to 0.7410, leading to the
category of Zhelin Bay changed from entire-water bay to much-water bay. Besides, the Changing Index of Zhelin Bay
during the latest 20 years is 0.44%. Reasons for the change were discussed and some suggestions were given in the end
of the paper.
Analysis of relationship between pedestrian facilities and urban morphology based on visibility
Show abstract
Pedestrian are one main component in urban space, and it's they that influence and determine urban layout. Spatial
visibility analysis is a novel method in urban morphology and spatial configuration. Spatial visibility analysis in urban
morphology mainly studies on spatial features (street network for instance) in the city configuration and visibility with
humans in it. Through building the visibility of urban space, we can predict pedestrians flow movement trends to analyze
the spatial modes. We hypothesis individuals move on street network and change their ways of movement at road crosses
with viewshed directions. We can apply the isovist or viewshed to direct their behaviors, and we can analyze the
distribution of pedestrian flows potentially. In urban planning, the distribution of facility locations must be consistent
with pedestrian flows, and we can offer the estimate through the approach above. The paper first discusses the principle
of pedestrian behaviors based on viewshed and the concepts of visibility centricity, then quantifies the parameters of
visibility analysis on viewpoints to explore urban morphology of street network of WUHAN ZHONGNAN district. We
extract the viewpoints with higher value and draw their distribution map. At the same time we survey the pedestrian
facilities locations in city. This paper reveals the consistent relationship between them and demonstrates the influences of
geometric features on pedestrian facilities locations over metropolitan's areas based one visibility analysis.
Design and implementation of urban management GIS based on grid technology
Zhiyong Xu,
Xiaofang Wu,
Lan Yuan,
et al.
Show abstract
With the development and expansion of city, there are many problems in city management. For example: the information
is not timely, the duty of many departments is unclear, the effective supervision and appraising mechanism is shortage
and so on. In order to solve the problems, the urban management GIS are designed and constructed, the grid technology
is applied to urban management GIS, the basis data model for urban infrastructural facilities is constructed, the method
for dividing the urban grid is researched, the components and events of facilities are coded, the manage processes are
rebuilt, and then the software for grid management is designed and implemented. The authors take the grid construction
of Guangzhou city as an example to represent the system tentative plan.
Building extraction of urban area from high resolution remotely sensed panchromatic data of urban area
Show abstract
With the recent availability of commercial high resolution remote sensing panchromatic imagery from sensors such as
IKONOS and QUICKBIRD, it is possible to extract individual objects such as buildings from the imagery. However,
traditional extraction methods cannot get the desired accuracy, because knowledge is not utilized. In this paper, we put
forward a texture-based approach to get building information from the panchromatic imagery. Firstly, the image is
segmented based on texture of variogram feature. Building corner structure knowledge is also combined to detect and
connect building edges. Then we fill interiors of buildings through seed filling algorithm. In the final stage, point noises
and linear noises are eliminated from the imagery through area or shape index value. The accuracy assessment adopted
in this paper is GIS overlay analysis, which shows that 93.9% of building information is extracted correctly. The result
indicates that the approach supplies another new technique for interpreting high spatial resolution remotely sensed
imagery.
The study on the real estate integrated cadastral information system based on shared plots
Huan Xu,
Nan Liu,
Renyi Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
Solving the problem of the land property right on the shared parcel demands the integration of real estate information
into cadastral management. Therefore a new cadastral feature named Shared Plot is introduced. After defining the shared
plot clearly and describing its characteristics in detail, the impact resulting from the new feature on the traditional
cadastral model composed of three cadastral features - parcels, parcel boundary lines and parcel boundary points is
focused on and a four feature cadastral model that makes some amendments to the three feature one is put forward. The
new model has been applied to the development of a new generation of real estate integrated cadastral information
system, which incorporates real estate attribute and spatial information into cadastral database in addition to cadastral
information. The system has been used in several cities of Zhejiang Province and got a favorable response. This verifies
the feasibility and effectiveness of the model to some extent.
Research on public logistics centers of Zhenzhou city based on GIS
Show abstract
The regional public logistics center (PLC) is the intermedium that transports goods or commodity from producer to
wholesaler, retailer and end consumer through whole supply chains. According to the Central Place Theory, the PLC
should be multi-centric and of more kinds of graded degrees. From the road network planning discipline, an unique
index---Importance Degree, is presented to measure the capacity of a PLC. The Importance Degree selects three
township criteria: total population, gross industry product and budget income as weights to calculate the weighted
vectors by principle component analysis method. Finally, through the clustering analysis, we can get the graded degrees
of PLCs. It proves that that this research method is very effective for the road network planning of Zhengzhou City.
The research on the negative influence of real estate over-exploitation in urban waterfront to urban ecological environment and the countermeasures
Zhou Jiang,
Na-na Wang,
Tao Yu,
et al.
Show abstract
Based on the overexploitation of real estate in urban waterfront the paper elucidates the result of its negative influence to
urban ecosystem and evolvement, we take Nanjing as an example, point out overexploitation of real estate is the main
factor of accelerating the problems of 'aquatic ecosystem', 'water evolvement', 'landscape' and 'urban heat island',
discuss the countermeasures to the problem, point out the importance of legislation and planning as well as the
importance of constructing urban-wide 'aquatic ecosystem' and intensifying education and propagandism, provide some
measures in public opinion supervision, and emphasize government should play the leading function in the whole
process.
Study on the spatial extension and distribution of industrial land in Tangshan based on RS and GIS
Mingxin Men,
Hongyi Pan,
Hao Xu,
et al.
Show abstract
The great changes in quantity and distribution of industry land of Tangshan city have taken place with the industrial
boosting and shifting of Beijing-Tianjin district, especially the industry transferring toward coastal areas in Hebei
Province. Study on the industrial land distribution, spatial pattern and expanding mode will help to establish rational
land use planning and control the industrial land scale. RS and GIS were integrated to detect land use change and reveal
the increase origin of industry land between 1993 and 2003. The indicators of barycenters transformation and landscape
index were computed to present the spatial extension of industrial land in Tangshan city. The result shows that the scale
of industrial land increased continuously from 6954.6 hm2 to 8177.6 hm2 by cultivated land transformation. The
structure barycenter of industrial land moved 0.68 km westward and 0.24 km northward respectively. With industrial
land patch increasing from 108 to 131, fractal dimensions and broken degree increased from 1.049 to 1.058 in ten years,
and average patch area decreased from 62.82 hm2 to 55.61 hm2. Finally an industrial land spatial distribution mode was
put forward based on the development stage and industrialization levels in Tangshan city.
Valuing agricultural land standard prices based on agricultural land gradation and evaluation information system (ALGEIS)
Show abstract
Agriculture land is the most fundamental material of production, and is man's indispensable living condition for
existence. Agricultural land prices reflect not only the uses of agricultural land, but the potential uses as well. This paper
reviews the valuation on agricultural land prices in western developed countries and the development courses of
agricultural land appraisal, especially valuation on agricultural land standard prices in China. The problems in the
valuation at present are analyzed. According to the thinking of "first gradating and then evaluating," "Agriculture Land
Gradation and Evaluation Information System" (ALGEIS) based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is
developed. As a case study, the proposed method is applied to value agricultural land standard prices in Yunan County,
Guangdong Province, China. The case study shows that the proposed method is a practical and satisfactory one. The
applications of achievements of valuation on agricultural land prices are discussed, which effectively promote the reform
and development of land resources administration. Developing agriculture land gradation and evaluation information
system based on GIS, can satisfy spatial, dynamic, quantitive and comprehensive requests in valuation on agriculture
land.
An urban-rural spatial development planning platform using GIS
Feng Mao,
Wencheng Yu,
Wensheng Zhou,
et al.
Show abstract
Over the past ten years, the development of urban planning support systems has made remarkable progress, yet most of
urban planning support systems based on GIS do not readily fit the changing professional requirements of the urban-rural
spatial development planning because they are far too generic, complex, inflexible and incompatible with most spatial
development planning tasks. Accordingly, how to effectively build up a platform orienting towards planning tasks and
planners rather than technology itself by using GIS is still a challenge. The research in this paper analyzes the status quo
of urban-rural spatial planning technological system and methodology and proposes the idea of design, development and
application of urban-rural spatial development planning platform (URSDPP) based on the GIS technology. The
methodology and key technologies needed for building URSDPP are discussed. The logical framework and software
modules are illustrated which clearly manifest how GIS work together with other technologies. Three case studies are
introduced which proves the advancement, reliability and suitability of URSDPP.
GIS-based approaches for planning support
Show abstract
Along with the development of Digital City and its practical applications, various urban geographic information systems
(UGIS) has contributed enormously to the government's information services and decision-making process. However,
the data redundancy has become a practical issue, which makes planners difficult to derive required data effectively from
a large amount of data from UGIS databases. Based on comparison of the planning support system (PSS) with other
UGIS, requirements of planning support based on GIS is discussed. Aiming at providing effective data and methods for
urban planning, the paper explored GIS-based approaches for planning support in which spatial analysis played an
important role and put forward a technological model to analyze urban problems in a dynamic environment to provide
ideas and hints for further development of urban planning theories and practice.
A study on spatial structure of urban system in the Northern China Plain based on radar remote sensing image
Show abstract
Differing from optical remote sensing image, radar remote sensing image can be used to extract more useful
information, and its application is becoming widespread in a variety of fields. Based on the central place theory, the
spatial structure of urban system in the Northern China Plain is studied by using Radarsat ScanSAR mosaic image. The
results show that: (1) Radarsat ScanSAR data are suitable for automatic extraction of building-up areas and has
meaningful potential for urban geographic study. (2) The urban system in the Northern China Plain, which is deeply
influenced by physical factors, especially hydrographic factors, can be divided into five categories: urban system of
equal distance between central places on fluvial fan region at Mt.Taihangshan; hexagonal urban system in central part of
Hebei flood plain; pentagonal urban system in the Yellow River fluvial fan; quadrilateral urban system in the vicinity of
Huaihe River system; and scattered new towns in the places of rolling hills in central and southern areas of Shandong
Province. (3) An evolution model of central place system from hexagon to pentagon and quadrangle influenced by river
is suggested. (4) No matter hexagonal or pentagonal urban systems, this study has demonstrated that there are good
relationship between the distance structure model of the central place and the real-life instance.
A quantitative analysis of urban growth and associated thermal characteristics using Landsat satellite data
Show abstract
Urbanization transforms the natural landscape to anthropogenic urban land use and changes surface physical
characteristics. Accurate information on the extent of urban growth and its impacts on environment are of great interest
for diverse purposes. As a result, increased research interest is being directed to the mapping and monitoring of urban
land use using remote sensing techniques. However, there are many challenges in deriving urban extent and development
densities quantitatively. This study utilized remote sensing data of Landsat TM/ETM+ to assess urban sprawl and its
thermal characteristics in Changsha of central China. A new approach was proposed for quantitatively determining urban
land use extents and development densities. Firstly, impervious surface areas were mapped by integrating spectral index
derived from remotely sensed data. Then, the urban land extents and development densities were identified by using
moving window calculation and selecting certain threshold values. The urban surface thermal patterns were investigated
using Landsat thermal band. Analysis results suggest that urban extent and development density and surface thermal
characteristics and patterns can be identified through qualitatively based remotely sensed index and land surface
temperature. Results show the built-up area and urban development densities have increased significantly in Changsha
city since 1990s. The differences of urban development densities correspond to thermal effects where higher percent
imperviousness is usually associated with higher surface temperature. Remotely sensed index and land surface
temperature are demonstrated to be very useful sources in quantifying urban land use extent, development intensity, and
urban thermal patterns.
A study on the interaction and evolution of the spatial expansion and administrative division adjustment in Beijing metropolitan area
Yongfu Li,
Anrong Dang
Show abstract
Since 1990s and especially since 2000, the city space of Beijing has grown rapidly. There's no doubt that the urban
construction land area is expanding to the suburban areas, which is the result of rapid social and economic growth in the
city and also closely related to the reform of "turning county into district". In other words, the adjustment of
administrative division in Beijing interacts with the expansion of urban construction land space. Beijing turns counties
into districts and introduces regional offices are two distinct evidence. As for the interaction, there're both advantages
and disadvantages and the focus of the article is to explore how to exploit the favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable
ones. The article takes the town administrative region as the minimum space unit so as to better explore the anisotropism
and regional differences of city space expansion as well as the impact caused by the adjustment of administrative
divisions. With initial analysis, we find that: firstly, on the contrary to the sharp reduction of farming land, the city
construction land are for residential communities, factories and mines increases the fastest; secondly, the big central
cluster expansion has great regional difference and the three directions of northwest, north and south grows the fastest,
which is mainly caused by the positive guidance of trunk roads including highway construction; thirdly, the land area in
central cluster used for new construction projects is mainly located in suburban area, but exurb districts of Daxing and
Changping also take up a considerable proportion; fourthly, as for the key exurb towns including Changping, Shunyi,
and Fangshan, the built-up area also grows rapidly.
Study on multi-scale urban planning supported by spatial information technology
Anrong Dang,
Xindong He,
Yongfu Li
Show abstract
Considering the demand of urban and rural planning and the characteristics of spatial information technology (SIT), the
study focuses on the application of SIT to support multi-scale urban planning. Three scales of urban and rural planning,
such as city and town system planning, urban master planning, and detailed urban planning, were studied based on SIT.
Firstly, tacking Great Beijing Region as an example, which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and northern of Hebei province,
the city and town system planning was studied, supported by the theory of spatial interaction between cities and towns,
and GIS spatial analysis. Then, for the urban master planning of Beijing, the RS and GIS were applied to do the spatial
development analysis based on RS image data and GIS spatial analysis. Regarding to the conservation planning of
Beijing's Inner city, the third scale is detailed urban planning. RS, GIS, and VR were integrated to determine the
conservation region and digital conservation way as well. Finally, three conclusions were worked out.
Fragmentation of urban forms and the environmental consequences: results from a high-spatial resolution model system
U. W. Tang,
Z. S. Wang
Show abstract
Each city has its unique urban form. The importance of urban form on sustainable development has been recognized in
recent years. Traditionally, air quality modelling in a city is in a mesoscale with grid resolution of kilometers, regardless
of its urban form. This paper introduces a GIS-based air quality and noise model system developed to study the built
environment of highly compact urban forms. Compared with traditional mesoscale air quality model system, the present
model system has a higher spatial resolution down to individual buildings along both sides of the street. Applying the
developed model system in the Macao Peninsula with highly compact urban forms, the average spatial resolution of
input and output data is as high as 174 receptor points per km2. Based on this input/output dataset with a high spatial
resolution, this study shows that even the highly compact urban forms can be fragmented into a very small geographic
scale of less than 3 km2. This is due to the significant temporal variation of urban development. The variation of urban
form in each fragment in turn affects air dispersion, traffic condition, and thus air quality and noise in a measurable
scale.
Design and compilation of the digital atlas of regional development in China
Zongyi He,
Tianjing Cao,
Bai Jing
Show abstract
In this paper, the overall design of "The digital atlas of regional development in China," topical design, structural
design, map groups and the laws reflected, and the function of "E-Atlas" were discussed.
Measuring the suburbanization of Shanghai based on GIS
Zhane Yin,
Shiyuan Xu
Show abstract
In this paper, the spatial changes of suburbanization is analyzed in Shanghai by selecting industrial and residential data
layers upon the land-use data of Shanghai in 1979, 1988, 2000 which interpreted from remote sensing data. First,
industrial and residential land-use data in different time were overlaid in ArcGIS to reflect changes of spatial
distribution. Second, the distribution of industrial and residential land-use was mapped for different time by concentric
analysis sector of ARCGIS so as to measure the rate and nature of industrial and residential land-use changes from 1979
to 2000 in Shanghai. Third, the expansion strength of industrial and residential land-use in Shanghai was measured by
ArcGIS grid analysis to classify the expanding rate of industrial and residential land-use into six grades: very fast
expansion, fast expansion, medium-fast expansion, slow expansion, none expansion and reverse expansion.
A new approach for subsurface space mapping of urban area using RS and GIS
Show abstract
The high resolution images are taken as the information source to attempt the inversion detection of the spatial resources
use in the investigation area. Through visual interpretation of geometry shape of the remote sensing data, inquiry of
historical archives of city planning department and in situ investigation, confirmation, analysis of each region, the
distinction pattern of relations between the structure height, the structure style and the depth of the foundation ditch is
established. Afterwards, the spatial distribution of the construction in Hangzhou urban area is interpreted. On the basis
of the foundation pattern used by the construction and correlating distinction pattern, the used subsurface space structure
is determined with the help of GIS spatial statistical analysis technology. The result can provide macroscopic
information for investigating usable subsurface space resources. It also can assist the engineering geology and
hydrology geology data to establish full and accurate analysis of subsurface space use, which provide the policy-making
suggestion for the cultural relics preservation and the important project using subsurface space such as the subway
construction.
GIS Development and Management
The research and realization of embedded GIS cross platform technique
Ze-ming Hu,
Jing Li,
Zhi-gang Wang,
et al.
Show abstract
For the reason of embedded processors and embedded operating systems, and under the rapid motivation of application
demands, cross platform technique has become a key point and developing direction in embedded GIS field, with the
main purpose that once the application software has been written, it can run on multiple platforms with little
modification or without modification. At present, cross platform technique includes three major aspects: middleware
technique, Java Virtual Machine technique and abstract layer technique. Among these three techniques, the realization
process of middleware has a close contact with the host operating system platform. Java Language has a good cross
platform property relying on Java virtual machine, but code execution efficiency is poor. Abstract layer technique also
has a good cross platform property, high code execution efficiency and better expansibility, but the interface definition
and relative realization of abstract layer are more complicated. A fine software system architecture structure is important
to ensure success for any software system. Obeying the hierarchical and modular design principle of cross platform
software methods, after analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three cross platform
techniques in details, abstract layer technique is adopted in this paper to design the software system architecture of
embedded GIS cross platform, and describes the interior components of software developing platform layer. At present
this cross platform architecture has been successfully realized on WinCE and Vxworks platforms, and the performance
of operating map is very good.
Design and performance analysis of the police geographic information system with B/S architecture
Show abstract
The Web based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are applied widely, and most of them are facing the challenge of
performance deterioration when have large capacity data and the demand of interactive application within web page. In
this paper, a system named Foshan city Police GIS (PGIS) has been constructed based on ArcServer (published by ESRI
company) to satisfy the demand of performance and expansibility of the large scale Web GIS, and some main aspects
which affect Web GIS's performance have been tested, including layer's amount, raster data's compress, pyramidal
storage plan, database optimization, disk array, and cache plan. With the analysis of the tests, we can form strategies to
satisfy different environments and demands.
Research and exploration on digital township
Yanling Li,
Yong Liang
Show abstract
The word "Digital Township" comes from "Digital Earth", "Digital China", "Digital City" and "Digital Agriculture".
According to theory and technology of "Digital Earth", regarding the research all over the world, "Digital Township"
means describing the whole village or town with digital information technology. That is built on the basis of computers,
networks, multimedia, mass memory store and other technologies. It describes the village or town by abundant
information of multi-resolution, multi-scale and multi-dimension with 3S technology, so that it can provide service for
scientific management, decision making and sustainable development of the village or town. In this paper, the main
configuration of "Digital Township" is discussed. Then, the construction idea of "Digital Township" and the problems
we may meet are put forward. At last, a case of Xiangyin town of Shandong province is illustrated. Xiangyin made
beneficial attempt to build its "Digital Township" system. This work is a very good demonstration and induction of
digital Township construction. However, there is a long way for all constructors of Digital Township.
Research of E-government GIS
Lianwei Li,
Haifang Xia,
Jianhua Wan
Show abstract
Human beings is entering the Information Age, and E-government has become the main direction of the administrating
innovation for many countries. It is the E-government information's character of geographical space and positional
relevancy that makes E-government GIS that utilize spatial data and related technologies play important role in
government administration. The paper comprehensively studied on application the running mechanism, the model of
frame and the guarantee of data in E-government GIS.
Standardization of CAD on measurement and recording of historic buildings
Xiao Ma,
Xueying Zhou
Show abstract
The Chinese traditional architecture belongs to an experience type construction system with strict standardization. In
wooden structure design and construction, the modulization and standardization is required, which just corresponds to
the requirement of standardization and precision of CAD in nowadays. Therefore, CAD can be applied to measure and
record historic architecture. In the 2D imaging, the single members such as dou (bracket set) gong (bracket arm), beams,
columns and other basic units can be recorded accurately through CAD to build up a relative database system as well as
to provide basic data platform for studying the whole wooden frameworks. Meantime, such data can be used again
while redesign. Furthermore, area models could be also applied to the urban conservation arrangement of ancient
imperial palace, imperial city and capital city. The 3D mathematical model shows the scene of single building, groups of
building and their details directly. According to the various types of buildings, with the different precisions,
parameterized model base is established for further research and application.
Development of a forestry government agency enterprise GIS system: a disconnected editing approach
Jin Zhu,
Brad L. Barber
Show abstract
The Texas Forest Service (TFS) has developed a geographic information system (GIS) for use by agency personnel in
central Texas for managing oak wilt suppression and other landowner assistance programs. This Enterprise GIS system
was designed to support multiple concurrent users accessing shared information resources. The disconnected editing
approach was adopted in this system to avoid the overhead of maintaining an active connection between TFS central
Texas field offices and headquarters since most field offices are operating with commercially provided Internet service.
The GIS system entails maintaining a personal geodatabase on each local field office computer. Spatial data from the
field is periodically up-loaded into a central master geodatabase stored in a Microsoft SQL Server at the TFS
headquarters in College Station through the ESRI Spatial Database Engine (SDE). This GIS allows users to work off-line
when editing data and requires connecting to the central geodatabase only when needed.
Study on the spatial distribution of comfortable climate for tourism in Chongqing based on GIS
Show abstract
This article calculated the distribution of the index temperature-humidity and wind effect in Chongqing based on the
spatial distribution of temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, and relative humidity, which considering the influence
of terrain. With the guide line of W. H. Terjung Method, we categorized the distribution of comfortable climate for
tourism in Chongqing. The results showed that the distribution of comfortable climate for tourism in Chongqing
basically consistent with the actual situation, and has the typical of regional and seasonal characters, Comparing to
spatial interpolation methods of the past which do not consider the role of terrain effects. It is a useful experiment in the
study of the comfortable climate for tourism over the rugged areas.
Archaeology management system based on EV-Globe
Lin Yang,
Guo-nian Lu,
An-ping Pei,
et al.
Show abstract
Traditionally, cultural relics were recorded in a 2D (2 dimensions) method such as paper maps, pictures, multi-media,
micro-models and so on. This paper introduces the archaeology management system based on EV-Globe (Earth View-Globe - spatial information service platform on virtual 3D environment) for the cultural relics along the Eastern Route
Project (ERP) of South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD). Integrate the spatial and attribute data of the cultural relics
along ERP of SNWD processed by SuperMap deskpro2005 with the relative basic geological data based on the platform
of EV-Globe and develop a series of functions based on the SDK (Software Development Kit), and so the relics can be
managed visually, at the same time the system may assist the archaeologists and some researchers in managing and
studying the cultural relics. Some conception and conceiving of web and mobile version is put forward for next
researching.
Digital forest implementation based on integration of GPS, GIS and RS
Show abstract
Forest plays an important part in the sustainable development. Digital forest implementation will be helpful in cognizing
and managing the forest. The paper discusses the programming theory of digital forest construction, and constructs the
basic framework of digital forest using a series of modern information technologies, including integration of GPS, GIS
and RS, software development and computer network. Taking monitoring of forestry biological pest as a thematic
application case and adopting a series of successfully developed systems, this paper validates that it is feasible to
implement digital forest with this method.
The evolution of geographic information systems from my view
Dongqing Ye
Show abstract
Over the past more than four decades since its inception in the 1960s, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has
become more advanced and technologically mature in its geoprocessing and analytical tools. This paper provides an
overview of the evolution of GIS, and puts forward my viewpoint that the development of GIS is intimately related to
that of the three disciplines which constitute the core of GIS: Geography Science, Information Science, and Computer
Science. Based on the analysis on the future development of Geography Science, Information Science, and Computer
Science, as well as their crossover, infiltration, and integration trend, the paper provides an outlook on the prospect of
GIS being developed into a system of Geographic Information Science and realizing a "Digital Earth" engineering.
The design and implementation of 2D vector graphics interactive tools based on smart handle
Xiang Li,
Shuang Wang,
Yixin Hua
Show abstract
This article summarizes several kinds of interactive tasks and tools in 2D vector graphic system, analyses an ordinary
design idea for interactive tool. We find that it is difficult to find a point of balance between user experience and code's
maintainability and extensibility. So we present a design idea for smart handle-based interactive tool. Handles are
usually expressed as rectangles or circles when graphic-cells are selected. Smart handle is a concept proposed in this
paper. Compared with the handle, smart handle knows how to operate its own graphic-cell. So a complicated interactive
task is assigned to every smart handle. It proves that this is a better solution to solve a contradiction between user
experience and code's maintainability and extensibility.
Rural tourism spatial distribution based on multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS
Hongxian Zhang,
Qingsheng Yang
Show abstract
To study spatial distribution of rural tourism can provide scientific decision basis for developing rural economics.
Traditional ways of tourism spatial distribution have some limitations in quantifying priority locations of tourism
development on small units. They can only produce the overall tourism distribution locations and whether locations are
suitable to tourism development simply while the tourism develop ranking with different decision objectives should be
considered. This paper presents a way to find ranking of location of rural tourism development in spatial by integrating
multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and geography information system (GIS). In order to develop country
economics with inconvenient transportation, undeveloped economy and better tourism resource, these locations should
be firstly develop rural tourism. Based on this objective, the tourism develop priority utility of each town is calculated
with MCDA and GIS. Towns which should be first develop rural tourism can be selected with higher tourism develop
priority utility. The method is used to find ranking of location of rural tourism in Ningbo City successfully. The result
shows that MCDA is an effective way for distribution rural tourism in spatial based on special decision objectives and
rural tourism can promote economic development.
Study on GIS-based sport-games information system
Hongzhi Peng,
Lingbin Yang,
Meirong Deng,
et al.
Show abstract
With the development of internet and such info-technologies as, Information Superhighway, Computer Technology,
Remote Sensing(RS), Global Positioning System(GPS), Digital Communication and National Information
Network(NIN),etc. Geographic Information System (GIS) becomes more and more popular in fields of science and
industries. It is not only feasible but also necessary to apply GIS to large-scale sport games. This paper firstly discussed
GIS technology and its application, then elaborated on the frame and content of Sport-Games Geography Information
System(SG-GIS) with the function of gathering, storing, processing, sharing, exchanging and utilizing all kind of spatial-temporal
information about sport games, and lastly designed and developed a public service GIS for the 6th Asian Winter
Games in Changchun, China(CAWGIS). The application of CAWGIS showed that the established SG-GIS was feasible
and GIS-based sport games information system was able to effectively process a large amount of sport-games
information and provide the real-time sport games service for governors, athletes and the public.
Design and realization of intelligent tourism service system based on voice interaction
Lei-di Hu,
Yi Long,
Cheng-yang Qian,
et al.
Show abstract
Voice technology is one of the important contents to improve the intelligence and humanization of tourism service
system. Combining voice technology, the paper concentrates on application needs and the composition of system to
present an overall intelligent tourism service system's framework consisting of presentation layer, Web services layer,
and tourism application service layer. On the basis, the paper further elaborated the implementation of the system and its
key technologies, including intelligent voice interactive technology, seamless integration technology of multiple data
sources, location-perception-based guides' services technology, and tourism safety control technology. Finally,
according to the situation of Nanjing tourism, a prototype of Tourism Services System is realized.
Application of IPv6 in GIS
Show abstract
The inherent flaws in current network, especially the inadequate IP address space, make the born of NGN (Next
Generation Network). The NGN aims to enable the information sharing and inter-operation of heterogeneous networks.
As the core of NGN, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), which is designed as the successor of IPv4 running now, brings
us many new features. It provides larger address space, supports mobile devices, and has built-in security policy, and so
on. Although it brings us so many advantages and the backbone of NGN also has been constructed in many countries, we
have difficulties moving to NGN. One of the main reasons is there are few killer applications for it. So what features can
be employed by GIS, and how to use them is the main content of this paper. The IPv6 certainly offers new entry to solve
some problems in GIS.
Study on urban land grading by evolutionary approaches to multi-objective spatial decision making
Show abstract
The results of Urban Land Grading reflect the differences of land quality among the cities. It takes a city as a point, and
studies land quality under the influence of the various social, natural and economic conditions. The former classification
of urban land is mainly depend on two method: Histogram Method and K-Means clustering analysis. But, both methods
have clear limitations as follows: the method of Histogram Method depends on experts' experience, and the accuracy is
not high; the method of K-Means clustering analysis mainly depends on attribute neighboring relations of city's grading
scores, but neglects spatial distribution characteristics and geometry neighboring relations among cities. In this paper, we
regard the city grading operation as a particular application of multi-objective spatial decision making problem, because
it has both statistical object (within-grade homogeneity) and geographical object (equal-grade cities with geographical
contiguity). And we adopt evolutionary approaches to resolve it.
The further development of legal cadastral domain model of China based on ontology
Weiwei Zhang,
Qingyun Du,
Zhongjun Zhao,
et al.
Show abstract
The cadastral plays a very important role in managing spatial and non-spatial legal real property information. And the
legal aspect is the important component of the cadastral. And the success of a cadastral system is not dependent on its
legal or technical sophistication, but whether it protects land rights adequately and permits those rights to be traded
(where appropriate) efficiently, simply, quickly, securely and at low cost. However, the ambiguity of legal cadastral
domain has been the major barrier to data integration and interoperability. This paper intends to optimize the concept
model of legal cadastral domain based on the model established in my previous paper which can be a first step towards
facilitate the effective interchange of cadastral information and the administration of land use. And the way expressing
these conceptions and relationships between them was an object-oriented approach in ontology principles. The outcome
of this paper is also a basic but better expression legal cadastral domain model of china.
An interoperable spatial decision support system based on geospatial semantic web technologies
Chuanrong Zhang,
Tian Zhao,
Weidong Li
Show abstract
Many Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSSs) have been developed for environmental and natural resources decision-making
in recent years. However, an important limitation of the SDSS applications is that they are not interoperable.
Several issues prevent the further development of SDSS applications such as the incapability of sharing and reusing
existing heterogeneous data and geoprocessing. This paper proposed a framework of web services-based interoperable
SDSSs using geospatial semantic technologies such as ontology, web services and service-oriented architecture for
decision-making. The proposed interoperable SDSS enables decision-makers to reuse and integrate geospatial data and
geoprocessing from heterogeneous sources across the Internet. Based on the proposed framework, a prototype to assist in
protective boundary delimitation for Lunan Stone Forest Conservation has been implemented to demonstrate how
ontology-based web services and the services-oriented architecture (SOA) contribute to the development of interoperable
SDSSs.
Robust smooth fitting method for LIDAR data using weighted adaptive mapping LS-SVM
Show abstract
In many spatial analyses and visualizations related to terrain, a high resolution and accurate digital surface model (DSM)
is essential. To develop a robust interpolation and smoothing solutions for airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR)
point clouds, we introduce the weighted adaptive mapping LS-SVM to fit the LIDAR data. The SVM and the weighted
LS-SVM are introduced to generate DSM for the sub-region in the original LIDAR data, and the generated DSM for this
region is optimized using the points located within this region and additional points from its neighborhood. The fitting
results are adaptively optimized by the local standard deviation and the global standard deviation, which decide whether
the SVM or the weighted LS-SVM is applied to fit the sub-region. The smooth fitting results on synthesis and actual
LIDAR data set demonstrate that the proposed smooth fitting method is superior to the standard SVM and the weighted
LS-SVM in robustness and accuracy.
Design and realization of tourism spatial decision support system based on GIS
Show abstract
In this paper, the existing problems of current tourism management information system are analyzed. GIS, tourism as
well as spatial decision support system are introduced, and the application of geographic information system technology
and spatial decision support system to tourism management and the establishment of tourism spatial decision support
system based on GIS are proposed. System total structure, system hardware and software environment, database design
and structure module design of this system are introduced. Finally, realization methods of this systemic core functions
are elaborated.
Quantitative study on spatial distribution of geospatial industry in China
Li Liu
Show abstract
Study on spatial distribution of geospatial industry is essential for industrial layout. By choosing the typical industry
index for each industrial branch, sorting, scoring and calculating by weight, this paper calculates out the value of spatial
distribution index for each province which quantitatively reflects the status of spatial distribution of geospatial industry
in China. According to the index value, five levels of provinces are divided: the leading provinces, the well-developed
provinces, the better developed provinces, the developing provinces and the under-developed provinces. Furthermore,
the paper analyzes the spatial diffusion process of the geospatial technology in China, as well as the influence factors for
each industry branches, and try to find out the reason of the current status of spatial distribution in China.
Data management based on geocoding index and adaptive visualization for airborne LiDAR
Xiaodong Zhi
Show abstract
With more surveying practice and deeper application, data post-process for airborne LiDAR system has been extracted
lots of attention in data accuracy, post-process, fusion, modeling, automation and visualization. However, post-process
and flexible visualization were found to be the bottle-neck which limits the LiDAR data usage for industrial applications.
The cause of above bottle-neck problems is great capacity for LiDAR system. Thus in article a geocoding index based
multivariate data management and adaptive visualization will be studied for based on the feature of airborne LiDAR's
data to improve automatization of post-process and surveying efficiency.
A web-based spatial decision support system for spatial planning and governance in the Guangdong Province
Qitao Wu,
Hong-ou Zhang,
Fengui Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
After three decades' rapid economic development, Guangdong province faces to thorny problems related to pollution,
resource shortage and environmental deterioration. What is worse, the future accelerated development, urbanization and
industrialization also comes at the cost of regional imbalance with economic gaps growing and the quality of life in
different regions degrading. Development and Reform Commission of Guangdong Province (GDDRC) started a spatial
planning project under the national frame in 2007. The prospective project is expected to enhance the equality of
different regions and balance the economic development with environmental protection and improved sustainability.
This manuscript presents the results of scientific research aiming to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS)
for this spatial planning project. The system composes four modules include the User interface module (UIM), Spatial
Analyze module (SAM), Database management module (DMM) and Help module (HM) base on ArcInfo, JSP/Servlet,
JavaScript, MapServer, Visual C++ and Visual Basic technologies. The web-based SDSS provides a user-friendly tool
for local decision makers, regional planners and other stakeholders in understanding and visualizing the different
territorial dimensions of economic development against sustainable environmental and exhausted resources, and in
defining, comparing and prioritizing specific territorially-based actions in order to prevent non-sustainable development
and implement relevant politics.
Design and implementation of LUPMIS based on the customized GIS-Document Workflow
Manchun Li,
Yixi Shao,
Zhenjie Chen
Show abstract
This paper studied on the organization model, process model, function model and information model of GIS-Document
Workflow from the factual demands of LUPMIS, and respectively put forward some new concepts as map operating
roles, GIS-Document activities, GIS-Document functions and GIS-Document information. To improve the inflexibility
in traditional workflow techniques, the paper presented several crucial techniques which realized the flexible
customization for the form data and business processes. Moreover, the customized GIS-Document Workflow was
implemented in Kunming LUPMIS by means of .NET, ArcEngine and Oracle 9.2i. The practice indicated that LUPMIS
based on the customized GIS-Document Workflow well integrated workflow and GIS as well as effectively reduced
repetitious work of developers and administrators in case the workflow was changed.
Transportation, Network, and Location Analysis
Study on spatial structure of retailing based on GIS in the city of Wuhan
Cheng-liang Liu,
Ying Tian
Show abstract
With the agility of market economy, the characteristic of market spatial structure becomes more complex since the
reformation and open policy. The spatial structure has broken through the traditional framework which is
non-equilibriums and scattered, and represented such modern development character as diversification, grade, network,
and non-equilibrium. This paper chooses 200 stochastic retailing stores whose acreages all exceed 40m2 in the four
circles of Wuhan city, after the analysis of spatial difference on acreages, number, population density, and manage forms
with GIS spatial methods, and makes a conclusion that the retailing spatial structure of Wuhan city has took on figure of
rating circle wholly and frame of centralization-diffusion and enchasing partially; as location is concerned, centralization
and diffusion takes place simultaneously, has behaved that retailing concentrated in heartland of city with more
favorable traffic and market location by the means of market infiltration, and distributed in suburb more dispersive by
market monopoly.
Hedonic valuation of the spatial competition for urban circumstance utilities: case Wuhan, China
Show abstract
It has generally accepted Alonso's [1] theory about the allocation of different land uses of commerce, resident and
industry in urban area. A bunch of researches have provided their aspects of the theme of the relationships between urban
circumstances and urban land uses in either the influence of one or several designate circumstance factors on different
land uses, or the comprehensive analysis of the influence of all kinds of circumstance on one selected land usage (e.g.
residential use). There is still not a wholly analysis about the influence of all kinds of spatial characteristics, available for
the location selection of different land uses. That's why this research selects to engage in a study on the difference
among "consumer preferences" to the location amenities in the city. Here we regard the behavior as "spatial competition
of the locations". Hedonic regression model (HRM) analysis is employed as the basic framework of the research.
Tabular comparison of HRM parameters performed with principal components analysis (PCA) and Geographic
Information Science (GIS) provides all necessary numerical investigation and spatial analysis until to the finally results.
The research can be helpful for putting forward to a further integrated investigation on the relationship between urban
circumstance and real land use values.
Modeling the spatial resource allocation based on justice principle
Ke-song Zhou,
Jian-ping Wu,
Yi-qun Xiong,
et al.
Show abstract
The spatial distribution of resources and services needs to be planned and allocated thoroughly in order to satisfy the
demands of social justice. The spatial accessibility indices are well-known for their significant roles in the fields of
planning and allocation for resources. In this paper, we present a Spatial Resource Allocation Model based on Justice
Principle. In the model, a group of linear equations of the supplies' resources are deduced according to the gravity-based
accessibility index. The model consists of two submodels: one is for supply, and another is for demand. The submodel
for supply ensures that every supply has the same gravity-based accessibility index, which is equal to the total demands-total
supplies ratio in the value of 1. At the same time, the just allocation submodel for demand ensures that every
demand has the same gravity-based accessibility index, which is equal to the total supplies- total demands ratio in the
value of 1. The Matlab-based commands are utilized to implement the model and an application example is given to
demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of it.
Research on modeling the overpasses for mapping and navigation
Min Deng,
Lifan Fei
Show abstract
With the rapid development of current mapping and navigation industry, and transportation network data becoming
multi-model and multi-dimensional, research on modeling the overpasses for mapping and navigation becomes a tough
issue. Though there are various road network models, their traditional road network structures do not solve the problem
well. After analyzing the benefit and deficiency of existent strategies of expanding on the traditional node-arc model and
raster based method to solve the planar network problem, this paper proposes a data model with three level structures. If
the scope of road network is larger, such as district or country, its network topology can be expressed in LOD1, based on
centerline, and its organization is similar to before-mentioned arc-node method. But for the navigation management or
traffic flow analysis, the three-level network topology need to be expressed in LOD2, based on carriageway, and add
attributes to some special nodes, such as the overpasses intersection. If the network is for high-level, real-world traffic
management, its topology need to be expressed in LOD3, based on lane. Lastly, a method of integrating GDF with the
proposed model is given.
Urban drain layout optimization using PBIL algorithm
Shanshan Wan,
Ying Hao,
Dongwei Qiu,
et al.
Show abstract
Strengthen the environmental protection is one of the basic national policies in China. The optimization of urban drain
layout plays an important role to the protection of water ecosystem and urban environment. The paper puts forward a
method to properly locate urban drain using population based incremental learning (PBIL) algorithm. The main factors
such as regional containing sewage capacity, sewage disposal capacity quantity limit of drains within specific area are
considered as constraint conditions. Analytic hierarchy process is used to obtain weight of each factor, and spatial
analysis of environmental influencing factors is carried on Based on GIS. Penalty function method is put forward to
model the problem and object function is to guarantee economy benefit. The algorithm is applied to the drain layout
engineering of Nansha District, Guangzhou City, China. The drain layout obtained though PBIL algorithm excels
traditional method and it can protect the urban environment more efficiently and ensure the healthy development of
water ecosystem more successfully. The result has also proved that PBIL algorithm is a good method in solving this
question because of its robust performance and stability which supplied strong technologic support to the sustainable
development of environment.
Intercity commute patterns in central Texas
F. Benjamin Zhan,
Xuwei Chen
Show abstract
There are highly populated regional corridors that connect multiple cities in different parts of the world. Public
transportation is believed to be a good solution to ease traffic congestions in these corridors. To make informed
decisions about public transportation planning, we must have a clear picture about commuting patterns in a corridor.
Although the study of commute patterns has a long tradition in urban planning, urban geography, and transportation
analysis, the examination of intercity commute patterns in urban corridors consisting of multiple cities has received
limited attention. This study aims to achieve a better understanding of intercity commute patterns and flows in a five-county
study area in Central Texas. We used GIS methods and network analysis procedures to analyze the U.S. 2000
Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Part 3 Journey-to-Work data. Results from the analyses suggest that:
(1) most (greater than 97%) of the workers with their homes in the five-county area also worked in the area; (2) the number of
people who worked in the five-county area exceeded the number of people who had their homes in the area; and (3) most
of the intercity commuting trips were between cities located within the same metropolitan area.
The analysis of water network of Beijing-Tianjin region based on the complex network theory
Jinliao He,
Yueguang Zong,
Wei Yang
Show abstract
This paper aims to study the characteristics and spatial distribution of water network in Beijing-Tianjin region of China
based on the complex network theory. Through construction of the weighted degree distribution model and clustering
coefficient model, it is found that the network of natural rivers and the artificial channel are different network systems.
The former tends to be a Scale-Free network which has power-law degree distribution with a bigger clustering
coefficient, while the latter owns Random network features which has Poisson-oriented degree distribution with a
smaller clustering coefficient. As the major role of natural river network, the water network of Beijing-Tianjin region
tends to be a Scale-free network, which means that there must be a few significant nodes and areas that dominate the
ecological and economic security of the whole region. Hence this paper also interpolates the degree of nodes by using
the Kriging Interpolation function of ArcGIS9.0, and then the spatial distribution map of the nodes of water network in
Beijing-Tianjin region was gained, showing that the significant nodes of water network mainly locate in Southeast area
of Tianjin region and Northeast area of Beijing region.
Schematic transportation network maps for wayfinding in urban environments
Show abstract
Schematic maps are effective tools for representing information about the physical environment and make user easy
navigate for wayfinding. Evidence have shown that identifying how many categories of directions in urban street
network environments, building taxonomy of branching points, and establishing a hierarchy of connecting roads will
help produce effective schematic maps to ease wayfinding. Taking road semantic information and user demands into
account, we first build the vector data model of hierarchy of connecting roads. Then we propose the four generalization
algorithm and show the framework of how to generate schematic maps. Finally, schematic map on demand is designed in
a concrete experiment, while keeping the topological consistency of the road network between original and schematic
map.
A circuitous shortest path algorithm labeled by previous-arc vector group in navigation GIS
Lin Yang,
Shunping Zhou,
Bo Wan,
et al.
Show abstract
Path planning, as the core module of navigation GIS, its efficiency and accuracy has a crucial impact on the navigation
system. General shortest-path algorithm is based on the classic node label-setting algorithm, which does not consider the
situation of including circuitous road sections. Therefore, sometimes it will neglect the closer circuitous path at hand but
find the farther path or even failed to find any path in the real road network with complicated traffic restrictions. For the
sake of finding more accurate path, this paper presents a circuitous shortest path algorithm labeled by previous-arc vector
group. Firstly, we generate incremental network topological relationships according to two random positions travelers
are interested in. Secondly, we construct a vector group including previous arc, and seek the way by labeling the
previous-arc vector group. Finally, the shortest path in the sense of mathematics which may contain circuitous road
sections can be acquired. An experimental work has been done with this algorithm using the map of Beijing, which
showed that the algorithm not only well improved the accuracy of the shortest path result between the two random
positions in the road network, but also kept the efficiency of the classic node labeled algorithm.
A user profile model for intelligent delivery of spatial information
Show abstract
Conventional spatial information delivery is system-oriented, and users have to adapt to the system and complete the
delivery of spatial information. Two disadvantages exist in the delivery service mode: (1) users' personalized
requirements cannot be satisfied; (2) Initiative delivery service cannot be provided for users. In this paper, we firstly
classify conventional user profile models into four categories. After analyzing the limitations of these user profile models,
we conclude that conventional user profile models are not suitable for the application of spatial information intelligent
delivery. Then, aiming to the objectives of spatial information intelligent delivery, we propose a user profile model of
spatial information, and give the building method of the model. Also, we put forward a similarity measure method
between spatial information and user profile. In order to verify the availability of the user profile model, we present an
example of spatial information intelligent delivery. The experimental results show that the proposed user profile model
can reflect user profile quite well.
A non-planar data model for road networks based on GIS-T
Kehui Xiao,
Jianhong Chen,
Deqin Xiao,
et al.
Show abstract
Previous data models of road networks include planar and non-planar models. In planar models, intersections of road
networks are transformed into arcs, sections into nodes, and sequential pairs are used to represent arcs between nodes,
which can simulate traffic direction of sections and turning limitation at intersections well, but fail to define the
granularity of lane and the node height difference. Non-planar data models provide the data of node height difference,
which avoid impossible turning in three-dimensional road networks, but shortages as lack of detailed information of
road intersections and node height difference and the curtly defined granularity of lanes lead to the low efficiency of
analysis of road networks. This paper proposes an NA+ model of road networks based on non-planar structure and
combined node height difference with direction lane to describe non-planar structure of road networks. Node height
difference is denoted as Arabic numerals, the granularity of lane is specified as direction lane. In GIS-T database, the
intersection table and the direction lane table are used to describe node height difference and direction respectively. The
model consists with the circumstance of road networks; it is proved to be applicable and feasible to the applications of
GIS-T.
Using molecular systematics and GIS-based modeling approaches for selection of potential sites to explore the desirable microbial products
Sunai Yokwai,
Boonyarat Phadermrod,
Eakasit Pacharawongsakda,
et al.
Show abstract
Microorganisms and their chemical products are widely used as sources to isolate many drugs. To search for novel and
potential bioactive compounds from microorganisms, one approach is to acquire microbial samples from various
environments. However, with random collection and selection of the microbes, it would be hard to find the desired
bioactive compounds. To support the selection of the ecological habitat for collecting microorganisms in an efficient
way, we proposed a computational framework using molecular systematics and GIS-based modeling approaches. The
first step in this framework, molecular sequences and bioactivity profiles of microbes are used to build the phylogenetic
trees, whose leaf nodes are also associated with site location. Next, the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of
microbes/bioactivities among different geographic sites is estimated from the trees for the selection of interesting sites.
Using microbe occurrence and geographic data from the sites of interest, GARP algorithm is applied for the prediction of
species distribution in other areas. In addition, the PD values from each site are used in training data for prediction of
phylogenetic diversity and bioactivity diversity in unexplored areas.
Urban traffic safety analysis and assessment system based on GIS: system design, key techniques and implementation strategy
Show abstract
As the most important technical support to digital transportation and intelligent transportation system (ITS),
Geographical Information System (GIS) has become an important tool for traffic safety assessment, management and
accident prevention. In this paper, the key techniques, system design method and implementation strategy of Traffic
Safety Analysis and Assessment System (TSAAS) is investigated based on the integration of GIS and traffic safety
models. TSAAS takes road segment as basic units and uses node sets and directed edge sets to describe road network.
Event driven spatial data model is adopted to organize information about traffic accidents in order to link accidents with
road network data. In order to solve the problem of data storage, Microsoft SQL Server2000 is used as the basic database
platform and SuperMap SDX+ large spatial database engine is used. Traffic safety analysis modeling is usually based on
many random accident events, and the results are expressed by certain numerical criteria. Taking two typical traffic
safety models: black point model and traffic safety assessment model as examples, the integration of traffic models with
GIS is explored in detail. Finally the implementation strategy of TSAAS is investigated, and the secondary development
scheme based on ComGIS product, SuperMap Objects, is recommended.
Measuring transit accessibility based on disaggregate data in GIS: the case of Wuhan, China
Show abstract
Various accessibility measures have been developed for evaluating transit service efficiency. The exponential or logistic
type of accessibility model makes use of the phenomenon of distance decay around transit stops, in which distance is a
key variable. To reflect the effect of overlapping service between adjacent stops, a weighted distance is developed. The
weighted distance is the Euclidean distance weighted by accessible number of transit lines, which is derived either by the
integral distance function or the inverse distance weighted interpolation. By combining disaggregated population data,
the service capabilities of all bus stops are computed. The stops can be categorized based on the service capability to
provide new insight for transit planning and evaluation.
An integrated GIS-based data model for multimodal urban public transportation analysis and management
Shaopei Chen,
Jianjun Tan,
C. Ray,
et al.
Show abstract
Diversity is one of the main characteristics of transportation data collected from multiple sources or formats, which can
be extremely complex and disparate. Moreover, these multimodal transportation data are usually characterised by spatial
and temporal properties. Multimodal transportation network data modelling involves both an engineering and research
domain that has attracted the design of a number of spatio-temporal data models in the geographic information system
(GIS). However, the application of these specific models to multimodal transportation network is still a challenging
task. This research addresses this challenge from both integrated multimodal data organization and object-oriented
modelling perspectives, that is, how a complex urban transportation network should be organized, represented and
modeled appropriately when considering a multimodal point of view, and using object-oriented modelling method. We
proposed an integrated GIS-based data model for multimodal urban transportation network that lays a foundation to
enhance the multimodal transportation network analysis and management. This modelling method organizes and
integrates multimodal transit network data, and supports multiple representations for spatio-temporal objects and
relationship as both visual and graphic views. The data model is expressed by using a spatio-temporal object-oriented
modelling method, i.e., the unified modelling language (UML) extended to spatial and temporal plug-in for visual
languages (PVLs), which provides an essential support to the spatio-temporal data modelling for transportation GIS.
Selection of comparative cases in land appraisal based on cloud model and gray relevancy theory
Show abstract
There is a traditional approach named market comparative method, which is used to appraise land price by putting a
focus on comparing cases. A review of the developing history of this method highlights some persistent challenges. In
this paper, this existing approach is extended through coupling the cloud model, a data-mining technique, with gray
relevancy theory. This approach allows the construction of quantitative measurement according to qualitative concept
(attribute), simulating human cognizing process. This novel method admits hierarchical describing and exploration of the
relationship and proximity between district factors and individual factors. By 1-D cloud generator, we obtain several
rules in terms of linguistic atom which confirm the number of overlap cloud. Each rule corresponds to a rule's rear that
achieves uncertainty ratiocination. In order to prove applicability of this method, it is applied to the selection of
comparative cases in land appraisal of Wuhan City. Experimental results show most cases can be correctly discriminated
and the better comparative cases are acceptable. Compared with other approaches, this method has better performance in
land appraisal.
Pedestrian navigation data modeling for hybrid travel patterns
Show abstract
At present, navigation data models, such as GDF4.0, KIWI, SDAL and WI 19134, didn't pay attention to form
pedestrian transport infrastructure into their models. With the development of navigation, pedestrian navigation has
become a hot topic. The research team put forward their pilot research on pedestrian data modeling for hybrid travel
patters, mainly including subway, bus and feet. Pedestrian road network modeling was made. Based on this, it carried out
the discussion on multi-level navigation data modeling of hybrid travel patterns. It also gave algorithm suggestion to
operate the optimal route computing more efficient. The future work is just to focus on demonstrate the algorithm.
Time-series network analysis of civil aviation in Japan (1985-2005)
Ryo Michishita,
Bing Xu,
Ikuho Yamada
Show abstract
Due to the airline deregulation in 1985, a series of new airport developments in the 1990s and 2000s, and the
reorganization of airline companies in the 2000s, Japan's air passenger transportation has been dramatically altered in
the last two decades in many ways. In this paper, the authors examine how the network and flow structures of domestic
air passenger transportation in Japan have geographically changed since 1985. For this purpose, passenger flow data in
1985, 1995, and 2005 were extracted from the Air Transportation Statistical Survey conducted by the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport, Japan. First, national and regional hub airports are identified via dominant flow and hub
function analysis. Then the roles of the hub airports and individual connections over the network are examined with
respect to their spatial and network autocorrelations. Spatial and network autocorrelations were evaluated both globally
and locally using Moran's I and LISA statistics. The passenger flow data were first examined as a whole and then
divided into 3 airline-based categories. Dominant flow and hub function enabled us to detect the hub airports. Structural
processes of the hub-and-spoke network were confirmed in each airline through spatial autocorrelation analysis.
Network autocorrelation analysis showed that all airlines ingeniously optimized their networks by connecting their
routes with large numbers of passengers to other routes with large numbers of passengers, and routes with small
numbers of passengers to other routes with small numbers of passengers. The effects of political events and the changes
in the strategies of each airline on the whole networks were strongly reflected in the results of this study.
Urban transportation of Beijing in a fast expansion based on the resident satisfaction survey
Xiuwei Li,
Wenzhong Zhang,
Fengjun Jin,
et al.
Show abstract
This study examines the satisfaction degree of the transportation convenient level by the questionnaire survey and the
spatial characteristics by the method of spatial autocorrelation in order to reveal the transportation problems as a
consequence of rapid urban development in the city of Beijing. The results demonstrated that the satisfaction degree of
traffic congestion was the lowest and the satisfaction degree of transportation convenient level in suburb was lower than
it in central city. The supply of traffic facilities, the pattern of resident traffic mode, the road system organization, and the
land-use type in a fast expansion were the important causes. According to the research, three major reasons of urban
expansion issues are detected. The first reason is lack of comprehensive development planning mechanism to associate
the land use with urban transit system which resulted in the lack of transportation facilities. Secondly, Beijing's ring-road
structure cannot afford rapid traffic growth and become a main reason to cause traffic congestion. Thirdly, land-use type
is deep cause of transportation problems. This study also gave some suggestion in order to minimize the negative aspects:
"control" and "regulation" are the two ways to solve the traffic problem; urban spatial expansion oriented by the public
transportation and service is the efficient pattern of spatial expansion.
Using level of detail for underway path finding solution
Lei Niu,
Guobin Zhu
Show abstract
The booming development of the city and urban area made the transportation more and more complex. People even need
a guidance to help them go from one place to another. The incoming huge needs of path finding can't be only fulfilled by
providing more computing resource and improving path finding algorithms yet. New methods for providing the routing
solution are also needed to be considered carefully. This paper represents a concept to introduce Level-of-Detail
technology for path finding process to reduce the algorithm's computing resource consumption, and increase the
algorithm's efficiency.
The carbon reduction research of teaching staff commuting aided by Google Earth: taking Guangzhou University as an example
Hongyu Xie,
Xixiang Wang,
Meichan Zhao,
et al.
Show abstract
In this paper, taking Guangzhou University as an example, carbon reduction of teaching staff commuting was
researched. Firstly, considering carbon emission of teaching staff commuting is come from the fuel consumption of
vehicle used to trip, the routes, schedule, vehicle type, fuel type and fuel consumption per 100 km of service express
bus, public bus and private car were investigated from relevant department and web questionnaire in office automation
system. Secondly, the routes of service express bus, public bus and private car were drawn in Google earth browser to
measure distance. Thirdly, combined the bus schedule, school calendar, curriculum timetable of teacher and fuel
consumption per 100 km of all kinds of vehicle, the fuel consumption of service express bus, public bus and private car
were computed. Fourthly, carbon emission was calculated according to net calorific factor and calorie carbon emission
factors of fuel. Finally, the measures of carbon reduction were discussed. The research results show that teaching staff
commuting emitted 455.433 tons carbon in 2005-2006 academic year. And reducing usage rate of private car and adding
new service express bus line are efficient measure of carbon reduction. Former measure can reduce 33.6891 tons carbon
and about 7.4% of original emission. The latter can reduce 7.6317 tons and about 1.68% of original emission.
Application of linear reference system and dynamic segmentation in the GIS-T
Li-xia Huang,
Hong-yan Zhang,
Ling-bin Yang,
et al.
Show abstract
Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T) is an integrated technology of GIS and Transportation,
which deals mainly with linear features-only have one set of attribute. Linear Reference System (LRS) is a onedimensional
system. An unknown linear feature can be expressed directly according to the known linear features'
position information and those relatively position relationship of each other without x, y coordinates. It is an intuitive
way to associate multiple sets of attributes to portions of linear features. Dynamic Segmentation (DS) segments the route
dynamically, and storages the attributes of all the routes in an unattached table (event table). Combining Linear
Reference System with Dynamic Segmentation in GIS-T, which is more convenient to query, display and analyze the
linear feature's attributes.
Extended fractal analysis method and its application for linear rivers
Liqin Wang,
Yi Long,
Shilin Cui
Show abstract
Extended fractal analysis method can analyze the fractal character (i.e. self-similarity) objectively, especially the
difference and change of the shape and the structure in different observation scale intervals. As one of the common
fractal objects, river on the map can be surveyed its length and quantified the complexity of its shape and structure as
well as its partial details with Extended Fractal Dimension Analysis method (abbreviated as EFDA). Compared to the
traditional method, EFDA has unparalleled advantages. Considering the extended fractal character with scaling variance,
and based on its simulating function adopting the Inverse Logistic Model, the paper gained the extended fractal function
for quantifying the length of the river depending on the different observing scales. Furthermore, based on the
mathematical derivation of its simulating function and fractal analysis, the paper obtained the relevant parameter for
establishing Meta Fractal Dimension (abbreviated as MFD) Model to quantify the local complexity of the river on the
map. Several experiments based on the China's seven major rivers done indicate that this method is easy to operate and
has a relatively high calculation precision and a logical result of spatial analysis.
Two improved algorithms of high degree seeking strategy for complex networks
Yihan Zhang,
Qingnian Zhang
Show abstract
Recently complex networks have aroused the attention from a number of scholars, raising the upsurge of studying
complex networks. High degree seeking strategy (DS) has been proved to be an effective algorithm of searching complex
networks. This paper puts forward two algorithms to improve the high degree seeking strategy (DS) by adding two
criteria to the selection of neighboring nodes. According to the improved algorithms, the degrees of and distances to the
neighbors' neighbor will be compared when two or more neighbors of the currently processed node have the highest
degree. Experiments are carried out to compare the efficiency of the high degree seeking strategy and its improved
versions. Case studies show that the improved algorithms are more efficient than the original one when searching in a
network with a huge number of nodes.
Artificial immune algorithm for multi-depot vehicle scheduling problems
Zhongyi Wu,
Donggen Wang,
Linyuan Xia,
et al.
Show abstract
In the fast-developing logistics and supply chain management fields, one of the key problems in the decision support
system is that how to arrange, for a lot of customers and suppliers, the supplier-to-customer assignment and produce a
detailed supply schedule under a set of constraints. Solutions to the multi-depot vehicle scheduling problems (MDVRP)
help in solving this problem in case of transportation applications. The objective of the MDVSP is to minimize the total
distance covered by all vehicles, which can be considered as delivery costs or time consumption. The MDVSP is one of
nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem which cannot be solved to optimality within polynomial
bounded computational time. Many different approaches have been developed to tackle MDVSP, such as exact
algorithm (EA), one-stage approach (OSA), two-phase heuristic method (TPHM), tabu search algorithm (TSA), genetic
algorithm (GA) and hierarchical multiplex structure (HIMS). Most of the methods mentioned above are time consuming
and have high risk to result in local optimum. In this paper, a new search algorithm is proposed to solve MDVSP based
on Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), which are inspirited by vertebrate immune systems. The proposed AIS algorithm is
tested with 30 customers and 6 vehicles located in 3 depots. Experimental results show that the artificial immune system
algorithm is an effective and efficient method for solving MDVSP problems.
Green space system design in Luoyang using Huff model
Shengnan Wang,
Meng Li
Show abstract
Green space system, as part of the urban ecological environment and urban landscape, plays a significant role in the
protection of biological diversity of the urban eco-systems. During the process of rapid modernization in China, it is
evident that in order to satisfy the residents' needs of entertainment and communication effectively; there should be
abundant types and adequate arrangement of green space. And at the same time a comprehensive and stable hierarchical
structure of green space system ought to be established. Huff Model is widely used in facility location planning and
service area segmentation in business geography, and has potentials in urban facility planning and design. This paper
aims to evaluate, design and optimize the urban green space in Luoyang City, Henan Province, using GIS and Huff
Model. Considering the existing location, size and shape of the green space supply, the spatial distribution of residence
and the urban transportation systems, the attractiveness between residence and green space is estimated. The spatial
pattern and service capability of the green space system are also evaluated critically. Based on the findings, the possible
optimization design of the green space system in Luoyang is discussed innovatively. Huff model test shows that the
design improves the overall spatial accessibility observably. The case study shows that GIS technology and Huff Model
have great potential in urban green space evaluation, planning and design.
Object-oriented data model of the municipal transportation
Show abstract
The transportation problem is always one of main questions each big city all over the world faces. Managing the
municipal transportation using GIS is becoming the important trend. And the data model is the transportation
information system foundation. The organization and storage of the data must consider well in the system design. The
data model not only needs to meet the demand that the transportation navigates, but also needs to achieve the good visual
effects, also can carry on the management and the maintenance to the traffic information. According to the object-oriented
theory and the method, the road is divided into segment, intersection. This paper analyzed the driveway,
marking, sign and other transportation facilities and the relationship with the segment, intersection and constructed the
municipal transportation data model which is adequate to the demand of vehicles navigation, visual and management.
The paper also schemes the the all kinds of transportation data. The practice proves that this data model can satisfy the
application demands of traffic management system.
Signals of opportunity assisted ubiquitous geolocation and navigation technology
Hui Tian,
Esmond Mok,
Linyuan Xia,
et al.
Show abstract
The desire of geolocation and navigation technologies that provide precise, fast and reliable geo-services has exploded in
the recent years, and there is a dramatic increase in the geo-service market varies from mass market applications to the
new and innovative applications. The lack of reliable GNSS signals in the NLOS environment confronts many
innovative ideas related to mass market location-based applications. But there is an optimized way to provide the
ubiquitous geolocation services via exploitation of signals of opportunity (SoOP). The core concept of ubiquitous
geolocation and navigation is provide globally available geo-services by giving the mobile terminal the ability to acquire
their location information, this technology can be applied at all scales geo-reference by sharing some simple,
inexpensive, robust geolocation and navigation algorisms for different technology such as GNSS and other emerging
technology, and the goals of the ubiquitous geolocation and navigation service are reliable availability, transparency,
seamlessness, awareness, and trustworthiness. SoOP are primarily envisioned to be man-made radio emitters not
originally intended for geolocation and navigation, but may be extended to active beacons purposely deployed in an
emergency situation, in this paper, we also regarded the signals of different wireless network those defined by the IEEE
802.11, IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.16 as an important part of SoOP. The use of widely available, powerful, and
economically important SoOP in Hong Kong will provide a robust geolocation and navigation capability. We made some
initial investigation into the use of the SoOP through feasibility studies and prototype investigations of the use of
wireless local area network (WLAN), ultra-wide band (UWB) and ZigBee.
The method study of building grid standard land price based on Thiessen polygon interpolation method
Xiaoyan Peng,
Lin Li
Show abstract
Most cities in China have adopted graded land price to represent standard land price so far, while others have employed
route price and district price. All of the methods mentioned above only show the average price in a region, which are not
easy for the public to understand. The emergence of grid standard land price enhances the publicity, simplifies the
process of parcel evaluation and lessens the extent of artificial interference. There are two methods to generate grid
standard land price. Firstly, all grid point standard prices are calculated by establishing the relationship between the land
price and graded score. This relationship can be obtained through regression analysis of graded results and the sample
land price. The second method is DEM-based numerical surface rebuilt technique. It is a 3D grid model established by
spatial interpolation among monitoring samples acquired by collecting market exchange price samples and the samples
from land price monitoring survey. Considering the characteristic of Guangzhou City, this paper provides a method to
generate grid standard land price based on Thiessen polygon interpolation method and compares it with other
interpolation methods to prove its effectiveness.
Evaluating spatial equity of health service in Minhang District, Shanghai
Yishao Shi,
Huajie Chen,
Yongjian Chen
Show abstract
Assuring equitable health service is an important factor for promoting sustainable development and constructing
harmonious society. Its concept is very necessary for policy makers and health planners. Recent advances in the field of
health geography have greatly improved our understanding of the role played by equitable geographic distribution of
health services. But equity is difficult to operationalize because it is influenced by lots of non-spatial factors. This paper
presents a notion that analyzes spatial equity of health service integrating theories and techniques of spatial accessibility
and GIS. By means of modified spatial accessibility index, the authors analyze relative equity status of each subdistrict
based on geo-referenced and socio-demographic census exemplified by Minhang District of Shanghai. Due to the
demand of residents and using efficiency of every health service are added in the method of accessibility, it makes equity
research more valid. The paper also discusses the influence of floating population on spatial equity of health service.
Time-space and cognition-space transformations for transportation network analysis based on multidimensional scaling and self-organizing map
Zixuan Hong,
Fuling Bian
Show abstract
Geographic space, time space and cognition space are three fundamental and interrelated spaces in geographic
information systems for transportation. However, the cognition space and its relationships to the time space and
geographic space are often neglected. This paper studies the relationships of these three spaces in urban transportation
system from a new perspective and proposes a novel MDS-SOM transformation method which takes the advantages of
the techniques of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and self-organizing map (SOM). The MDS-SOM transformation
framework includes three kinds of mapping: the geographic-time transformation, the cognition-time transformation and
the time-cognition transformation. The transformations in our research provide a better understanding of the interactions
of these three spaces and beneficial knowledge is discovered to help the transportation analysis and decision supports.
Spatial-temporal data model and fractal analysis of transportation network in GIS environment
Show abstract
How to organize transportation data characterized by multi-time, multi-scale, multi-resolution and multi-source is one of
the fundamental problems of GIS-T development. A spatial-temporal data model for GIS-T is proposed based on Spatial-temporal-
Object Model. Transportation network data is systemically managed using dynamic segmentation technologies.
And then a spatial-temporal database is built to integrally store geographical data of multi-time for transportation. Based
on the spatial-temporal database, functions of spatial analysis of GIS-T are substantively extended. Fractal module is
developed to improve the analyzing in intensity, density, structure and connectivity of transportation network based on
the validation and evaluation of topologic relation. Integrated fractal with GIS-T strengthens the functions of spatial
analysis and enriches the approaches of data mining and knowledge discovery of transportation network. Finally, the
feasibility of the model and methods are tested thorough Guangdong Geographical Information Platform for Highway
Project.
The research on data organization technology in the highway geographic information system
Zhihui Tian,
Fang Wu,
Yuhuai Zeng
Show abstract
Data are the basis of GIS. It has direct impact on the efficiency and function of a Highway Geographic Information
System (HGIS), because of the characteristics of data model and data organization of the traffic geographic information
system such as spatial property, multi-path network, linearity. This paper discussed the data property of HGIS, studied
and presented the HGIS spatial data on multi-source and model. Also, it described and verified highway geographical
feature of special subject data's linearity, dynamic and multiple-path network property in HGIS.
Progressive street networks
J. Tian,
Q. S. Guo,
T. Zhan
Show abstract
The multi-scale representation model and the corresponding generalization method for constructing it are two key issues
involved in the progressive transmission of vector map data. In this paper, the characteristics of existing approaches to
the generalization of streets are summarized based on an analysis of the literature. A progressive street network
representation model is introduced. Information theory has been applied for a better understanding of why and when to
generalize. The metric information, topological information and thematic information are quantified for the street
network. A progressive generalization algorithm of street network based on information theory is investigated. An
experiment is also conducted on an urban street network map from the Compilation specifications for 1:25000 1:50000
topographic maps (GB 12343-90). This paper tries to state that progressive representation needs the support from
corresponding progressive generalization algorithm and tries to introduce information theory to solve the problem of
"how to generalize".