This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7006, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.

Mechanism of gas discharge laser instability has been reviewed, leading to occurrence of time dissipative structures. Bifurcation analysis of stability is presented.

Review of electrodynamics properties for gas discharge lasers of small diameter has been completed with consideration of inertia typical for ionisation processes and transient nature of electron diffusion from unipolar to ambipolar. Procedure for calculation of transfer function and elements of equivalent electrical circuit for substitution of gas discharge laser discharge space.

On the basis of elaborated theoretical models of class-A lasers, confirmed in the experiments, new regularities of vector-field laser dynamics have been established: the mechanism of spontaneous pulsations arising - competition between active medium and empty cavity anisotropies, the mechanism of arising of complicated (chaotic and stochastic) oscillations - stochastization of a periodical regime with oscillations of one of the waves near lasing threshold, the phenomena of polarization and phase symmetry breaking, the effects of polarization-phase dynamics, reflecting the influence of polarization of electromagnetic wave on its phase.

In article the description of bottom station is resulted, basic measuring device is laser-interference hydrophone. Laser-interference hydrophone is created on a basis Michelson interferometer of equal-arm type. As a light source in interferometer the semi-conductor laser is used. A sensitive element of a laser hydrophone is the round membrane which is included in system <<cat's eye>>.

The lidar applications are widely used for the gaseous molecules ultra low concentration levels in atmosphere as the environmental pollution monitoring. It demands the detail studies of the atmospheric optics basics and computer simulation of the laser sensing possibility in such a molecules detection by the laser radiation with pulse energy up to 35 mJ at the wavelength of 532 nm. The lidar signal of the HF molecule versus the sensing distance have been a subject of the simulation studies of this signal concentration dependence. It takes into account the Sun background radiation as the minimal lidar HF signal and the HF concentration versus distance dependence for these molecules ultra low concentration level in atmosphere. These simulation results show the HF molecules Raman and DAS lidar sensing efficiency for low concentration in the distance range from 1 to 1000 m by chosen laser wavelength and pulse energy in the daytime ranging regime.

Regularities of changing of polarization characteristics of He-Ne laser radiation reflected and transmitted by inhomogeneous media illuminated with super Gaussian or Bessel beams are investigated. As the inhomogeneous media the (35 ± 5) μm thickness "cigarette" paper has been chosen.

The laser gain and its cross-sections distribution are studied at the He-Ne active medium. The different forms of the section are offered for reception of the optimum conditions in linear and ring laser.

This paper describes creation of the beams with periodical polarization properties in longitudinal direction.

All solid-state flash-lamp pumped passive-active mode-locked Nd³⁺:YAG laser is designed and experimentally studded. Saturation absorber Cr⁴⁺:YAG with initial transparency 25 and 47% are used as a passive Q-switcher and acousto-optical fused quartz modulator as an active mode-locker. Efficient length of the laser cavity with fixed mirror positions (1.45 m spaced) is droved by changes of 100% flat mirror for concave mirrors with different focus lengths. Changeable output mirrors with transparencies of 15 and 50% are used. Driving of the cavity parameters, laser and acousto-optical modulator power supply voltages let us to control output pulse train and single pulse parameters. As it goes from the analyses of oscillograms fixed with pyroelectric detector (τ=0.5 ns) and 1 GHz oscilloscope, over 95% of pulse output energy has been mode-locked. Average duration of the pulse train envelope of 5 to 50 single pulses at FWHM has been droved within 50 to 600 ns. When this single pulse duration is controlled but did not exceed 2 ns.

A possibility to connect transversally shifted fibers is under discussion in this paper. Processes of optical synthesis of bended waveguiding structures in photopolymerizable compositions are investigated numerically and experimentally as well. Optimal parameters of the influencing light-beams are determined to create the most effective polymeric connectors.

Results of statistical analysis for beam resistance tests obtained for a new KGSS-0180 neodymium glass are presented. Methods of determining limitations for admissible levels of radiation energy density in the active elements of laser systems based on calculation of statistics for the first term of an ordered data series on glass damage thresholds are proposed. Use of this approach to minimize the impact of "size dependence" on accuracy of determination of a minimal threshold value is considered.

In the given work the research results of Zeeman laser with the increased difference frequency are presented. Great attention is paid to calculations of the difference frequency when the active elements in Zeeman lasers of various length are used. It is indicated that the less the resonator Q is, the more the difference frequency may be gained in a Zeeman frequency-stabilized laser. Spectral-discrimination characteristics of the laser with the increased difference frequency are studied and it comes to light that the occurrence range of the difference frequency is of the order of 50 MHz. It makes it possible to use a digital system of the automatic frequency tuning in order to stabilize the laser not making worse the stability characteristics of the laser optical frequency. Application of the digital system of automatic frequency tuning allows to reduce greatly the overall dimensions of the device and to increase the operation reliability of the frequency-stabilized laser.

Methods of digital transformations of the phase measurement information in heterodyne laser interferometry with resolution below 1 nm is considered. These methods based on methods for precision time interval measurements. Application example of the methods using field programmable gate array (FPGA) is described.

Diode laser spectroscopy with multipass cell and typically three channels are discussed. In the first analytical channel a laser beam goes through multipass cell with a gas sample. In the second base-line recording channel the output laser intensity without absorption is recorded. The third reference channel is used for several additional aims. The information in all channels is used for analyzing and to improve a detection sensitivity. New technique of wavelength modulation is proposed with substation depress of residual amplitude modulation. The technique was applied to measure a background concentrations of NO₂ and ratio of isotopes ¹²CO₂/¹³CO₂ in atmosphere.

In this work the abilities of a polymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films modified by ultradisperse silver nanoparticles to polarized incident radiation and to form an illumination background close to diffuse scattering with the minimal power losses were studied.

Single element thermodetectors design testing and manufacturing aspects are analized. Methods of estimation of detectors main technical charcteristics are presented including the theoretical approach and the experimental procedures. Final testing is held in three stages, including in field testing.

In this article, I attempt to examine the systems with optical-television feedback branch operation. My study is based on multi-dimensional description of hybrid image processing systems. We analyze the influence of delay in feedback branch on the transfer function, give calculations of transfer function and output signal for iteration algorithm of hybrid system operation. Then we show the influences of finite iteration repetition and truncation of signal. Some ways to modify basic structure of hybrid systems is also proposed in order implement inverse filtration taking in consideration delay in feedback branch.

Fast optical processors for the analogue computers operating with incoherent light based upon semiconductor nanostructures are developed. Operating rate achieved is up to 10⁶ cycles/s. It is 3-4 order of value of the operation rate of known optical processors based on structures with liquid crystals (MIS-LC). The paper concerns the basics of operating of nanostructures as fast optical registering media. The results of experimental study of information optical recording with these nanostructures are shown. High efficient optoelectronic real-time image correlator is performed on a basis of analogue processor. It's description is presented.

In this article principles of operation of a coherent optical image correlator based on a well know optical joint transform correlator are examined. Theoretical predictions and experimental data for of the optical image correlator with a holographic filter recorded on a thin holographic photographic plates PFG - 01 are analyzed. Results of the operation of the dynamic joint transform correlator on the basis of cadmium fluoride crystal, CdF₂, with bistable impurity centers are demonstrated. Calculated and experimental correlation peak intensity dependencies with the scale and angular mismatch between an observed and reference objects for static and dynamic joint transform correlators are compared. Tangram figures were used as a test images. In the paper all computations were performed by use of MATLAB 7.0.1 mathematical program.

Basic principles of using of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for temperature, pressure and strain measurements and experimental results are presented. Developing of temperature and pressure sensors based on FBG is described. Different sensor constructions were developed and tested. Methods of fixing FBG inside sensor construction were investigated. The influence of temperature on pressure sensor construction was established.

Spatial filtering and reducing the redundancy of holographic information for recording discrete holograms of scenes comprising objects of different dimensions and reflectivity using a nonequidistant array are investigated by means of digital modeling.

We have developed the digital holographic interference microscope (DHIM) for real time three - dimensional (3-D) imaging and quantitative study of phase microscopic objects (MOs). The instrument integrates holographic interference microscope with digital processing of interferograms. The experimental procedure, allowing calculating microscopic objects thickness and 3-D imaging from the measured phase shift, is presented. The method has been applied to study 3-D morphology of red blood cells in norm, in pathology and under influence of physical and chemical factors in vivo. It has been found that morphologic changes of erythrocyte population had nonspecific character. Our investigations have proved that erythrocytes 3-D morphology reflects the state of a living organism and the level of its biological response on different external factors influence.

Geometric Clifford algebra G_3,0 is used to describe geometric objects of 3D Euclidean space in an 8D basis with only real numbers. Basis elements are identified by their inner structure. To describe it with only +1 and -1 coefficients, a unit cube representation is used rather, then matrix ones. Two layers of information are distinguished. The first one is contained in a set of real coefficients for basis Clifford numbers. It describes the outer properties of an object. The second binary one is contained in coefficients for elements of their inner structure to implement their geometric properties in algebraic relations. It is shown, that any change of information inside the second (inner) layer preserves information inside the first layer but changes its image. Consequences for information transmission and processing are discussed.

The paper observes recognition of objects under their colorimetric characteristics by means of reduced algorithm. The procedure which helps to decrease the number of operations comparing the objects' color images with the etalon was offered. Two processing techniques of parameters of the color images were considered: spatial and temporal. The experimental researches using several diffusely reflecting objects were conducted. The results of experiments were parsed. Quantities of practical recommendations concerning the usage of the offered algorithm were also worked out.

Mechanisms of the action of laser radiation on the pharmaceutical preparations are analyzed. The spectra of their transmittance in the range of 200-2500 nm are investigated for the purpose of further optimum use of gels on the basis of the dehydrated blood of animals. Measurement results allow to optimize pair gel-emitter. The solar radiation can be used as the illumination for different spectral ranges.

Acousto-optical processors based optoelectronic backend systems for some radio astronomical applications are considered. The requirements to various backend systems: spectrometer, pulsar processor and spectrocorrelator are determined and their performance features in radio telescopes' receivers are briefly discussed. The main attention is given to the long-term stability of the acousto-optical spectrometer's frequency characteristics. It is shown that a problem of the frequency scale thermal instabilities can be overcome by using internal frequency calibration (frequency comb reference signals). Some results of the observations at the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) and the RT-64 radio telescope (Kalyazin Radio Astronomy Observatory) with optoelectronic backend system discussed.

The problem of enlarging a locally heated a two ends sealed silica capillary is considered. Within the model of a Newtonian fluid for radial flow, an equation is obtained that describes the enlarging kinetics of a molten region of a capillary. The maximal diameter of enlarging is investigated as a function of the geometric parameters of the capillary, the reduced length of the heated region, and its temperature and viscosity. Theoretical results obtained are verified by enlarging isolated silica capillaries in the high-temperature furnace of the fiber-drawing machine. Capillaries are enlarged either in the static regime or when they are fed into the heating zone at a constant speed. These capillaries were used to test various sintering regimes for the capillary stacks for microstructured optical fibers. Samples of microstructured optical fibers, including active fibers, are drawn from these sintered capillary stacks.

Information transfer by the signals of electromagnetic (EM) nature is considered. These signals are EM field and electric current. Contradictions and difficulties of information theory (IT) and signal theory (ST) are opened and their reasons are established. Exact, quantum, consideration of the signals of EM nature has shown, that the channels of information transfer are discrete on their physical nature. Transition to continuous channels is possible only in the context of approached, classical, representations of signals.

Experimental results obtained by the photoacoustic method for Vickers indentation zones in ceramics and metals are presented. The influence of the given external stresses on the photoacoustic images of Vickers indentations is demonstrated both for ceramics and metals. Obtained experimental results are compared with the available theoretical models of the photoacoustic effect in stressed materials.

The article is devoted to development of the synthesis algorithms theory of functioning of adaptive antenna arrays with use of the general theory of linear optimum estimation systems. Thus the class of such algorithms extends. All known optimum by criterion mean-root-square deviations in adaptive antenna arrays are special cases of the structures presented here.

The article is devoted to development of the synthesis algorithms theory of functioning of adaptive antenna arrays with use of the general theory of linear optimum control systems. Thus the class of such algorithms extends. All known adaptive antenna arrays, optimum by criterion mean-root-square deviations, are special cases of the structures presented here.

Association of sciences is very extensive problem. If we shall start to list all requirements to it we risk to demand impossible and to pass for schemers. It is possible to go on the other hand, for example, as to dietologies where quality of products is defined by the standard - Maximum permissible Concentration of Harmful Substances. For bases of sciences there is no standard on maximum permissible norms of the abstract ideas that have been not confirmed by measurements. For mathematical, geometrical and logic objects and operations above them there is no standard on maximum permissible norms of the abstract ideas contradicting objects and interactions in the real nature. In due course abstract ideas expand in the problems complicating or at all stopping development of sciences. There are many works, devoted to gathering and the analysis of experimental effects and the phenomena that are not entered in frameworks of traditional natural sciences. These are original collections of "dark spots" of sciences; their review far is beyond given clause. Therefore we shall be limited only to the analysis of some bases of our traditional natural sciences. It concretizes requirements to "the incorporated science" a little.

The variant of association of sciences, offered in the given work, is based on the multilevel description complex (with dynamic treelike structure and with number of levels > 2) systems. In its basis the definition such physical, but dimensionless functions of interactions, as quality and quantity of the information, developed at interaction, lays. Thus levels are defined by hierarchy of interactions and "subordinates" to itself physical functions (space - time systems of readout, energy, pulse, moment of a pulse, information, etc.). The relations, traditional for them, and laws remain, but as special cases of more general (common) relations, i.e. they are formulated anew on some new uniform base of the reconsidered concepts.

The paper presents a method of photometric testing of blood sample as a droplet on a plate and its application to estimate process of erythrocyte sedimentation. We offer the theoretical study and experimental results of using of the method. Proposed method of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analysis allows to reduce a sample volume up to 25 microliter and shorten the analysis time up to 15 minutes, which proves the efficiency of the test.

The article is devoted to a comparative estimation of GUI's perception at the observation of the color visual information on the computer display. In this article are summarized results of our long-term researches of color perception. The basic theoretical relation of color perception and criterion of GUI's quality are briefly given. The experimental setup and sequence are created on the basis of original method of color field's matching. Several programs producing the test images on the screen are developed. The experimental researches on displays of two types (on a basis a CRT and LCD) are conducted. Five observers with normal color vision took part in the experimental tests. The results of experiments are calculated and analyzed. The practical recommendations are offered.

A conceptually novel approach to the formation of composite biosynthetic materials is proposed, which is based on the phenomenon of self-organization of ensembles of nanoparticles of synthetic latex and biologically active polysaccharides into three-dimensional structures. It is shown that, by varying the polysaccharide/latex ratio, the nature of polysaccharide, and the temperature of drying of colloidal suspension, it is possible to control the architecture of ensembles of nanoparticles and the physicochemical characteristics of biosynthetic materials formed on their basis.

One of the important methods to study the intracellular regulation of metabolism is the fluorescent spectroscopy. Fluorochrome acridine orange (AO) is widely used to investigate the nucleic acids in living as well as fixed cells. The objective of this research was to study the functional activity of the cell synthesizing apparatus with spectral fluorescent method. The cell functional (synthetic) activity is described by the parameter α representing the RNA/DNA ratio in fixed cells stained with AO. The possibilities of fluorescent cytodiagnosis have been studied to analyze the blood system cells in some diseases, under ionizing and electromagnetic irradiations, in natural and artificial hypomethabolic states as well as nervous and reproductive systems in the mollusks.

The properties of biopolymer DNA - acridine orange films were studied by optical methods. Relaxation kinetics of holographic diffraction gratings through triplet states of the dye bound to DNA has been examined. The kinetic curves are readily approximated by biexponential function that can be attributed to presence of two types of dye - biopolymer binding sites. The electron and infrared spectra show that under room humidity DNA exists in denatured form in the film and a part of dye molecules are bound to polymer as dimers.

An algorithm developed for the adaptive automated computer processing of radiological images of hands and feet in order to assess the degree of bone and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis is described. A set of new numeral signs was proposed in order to assess a degree of arthritis radiological progression.

This paper presents some case studies relating to the use of geoinformation methods to identify the models of geographical objects in the Baikal region (Irkutsk region, and Republic of Buryatia). The problems of identifying the models, i.e. estimating the coefficients of computational equations, are worked out, based on the theory of homology and homotopy. Polysystem approach is used, that is, geographical objects are modeled in terms of different system theories: as complex-systems, and as dynamical, potential, functional and equilibrium systems.

This paper addresses the problem of modeling the likely foci of Avian Influenza emergence and spread. The factors contributing to the emergence and spread of the virus are identified. The connection of the factors with invariant structure (landscape map) is determined, and the complex (homotopic) coefficient is calculated, which takes into account the geographical inhomogeneity of the factors, and of the model conditions. The computer-aided mapping and geoinformation modeling procedures are used to assess the situation.

The problem of measuring of parameters of different micro relief types and measuring of size of optical media with diffused scattered surfaces can be solved by means of spectral correlation method of diagnosis. The present article contains the results of modeling and experiments. Obtained experimental data are close to computation modeling results and theoretical treatment. Method uses prevalent equipment only. Remote surface parameter measuring is available.