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- Front Matter: Volume 6754
- GIS for Environment and Health
- WebGIS, Virtual GIS, Grid GIS, and Mobile GIS
- GIS Theory, Algorithm, and Application
- Spatial Decision Support System and Government GIS
Front Matter: Volume 6754
Front Matter: Volume 6754
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This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6754, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listings.
GIS for Environment and Health
Assisting video surveillance in micro-spatial environments with a GIS approach
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The paper presents a GIS-based approach to assisting video surveillance in micro-spatial environments, such as inside a
building. The approach consists of a node-arc network model representing the accessibility in a building and a
topological data structure maintaining the locational relationships among the accessibility network, accessible places,
and cameras' FOV (field of vision). Human walking behavior is considered in order to determine the spatial extent of
nodes and arcs in the accessibility network. Different measures are employed to deal with some special scenarios in a
building, such as spaces between two floors and large open spaces. Based on the network model and the data structure, a
number of applications can be realized. One of them elaborated in the paper is to quickly locate suspicious moving
objects. Besides the procedure, a detailed description is given to explain how to implement the procedure and how to link
the above research output to monitors and cameras.
GIS-based earthquake hazard assessment of urban power systems: Memphis electric substations
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Using GIS technology, this paper studied and evaluated the potential earthquake hazard existing in Memphis electric
substations. Two earthquake scenarios were selected in the potential earthquake hazard analysis at Memphis electric
substations. The moment magnitude of each scenario earthquake was set to 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5, all of which would put much
damage on the performance of the 44 electric substations in Memphis and Shelby County. The GIS map algebra
approach was applied to the analysis of the potential hazard that would result from each moment magnitude earthquake.
This included the reclassification and overlay of each spatial data layer. Four major kinds of data layers were included in
the study. Results about the relative potential hazard existing at each substation were illustrated in tables and analyzed.
The applicability of these results was also discussed.
Study on GIS-based building of S-57 data models
Yong Li,
Shi-tai Bao,
Ping Zhou,
et al.
Show abstract
The current situation that almost all of popular GIS softwares do not support normal data format of Electronic
Navigation Chart (ENC) based on the IHO S-57 transfer standard, has seriously frustrated data interchange and share
between Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). As an
attempt, therefore, to transform S-57 data into the data format supported by GIS may be one of the promising techniques
to integrate ECDIS and GIS. Keeping the objective in mind, this paper proposed a methodology of building S-57 data
models based on a GIS platform. Taking MapInfo as an example, four steps of building S-57 data models were
presented: 1. data transformation between S-57 spatial objects and MapInfo spatial features; 2. data transformation
between S-57 feature objects and MapInfo attribute data; 3. transformation of relationship between spatial objects and
feature objects of S-57; 4. transformation and storage of descriptive information of data sets. The data transformation
from S-57 to MapInfo data format was achieved by programming with Visual C++ based on MapX 5.0. Having
transformed into the MapInfo data format, the S-57 ENC data can be exchanged with other GIS platforms. The
feasibility of the proposed methodology was examined through the ENC data. The results indicated that the proposed
methodology succeeded in solving the problem that popular GIS softwares do not support the S-57 ENC data format.
Study on a new global data structure STQIE-based
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In order to efficiently store, utilize, manage and analyze the huge global spatial data and location based service,
alternatives to a global data model are urgently needed. A new global data structure, Multi-type Node Data Structure
(MTNDS) based on STQIE is proposed in this paper, to efficiently manipulate multi-resolution data and update data
dynamically, especially for vector data. There are two different types of 'node's in MTNDS, one is 'R_Node' (i.e. real-node),
the other is 'V_Node' (i.e. virtual-node). The point objects, the arc-line objects and the area (Curve surface)
objects are designed in detailed with two node types on STQIE ellipsoid surface. Then hierarchical MTNDS is organized
and designed, taking advantage of three object types. Taking example for area objects, the representation in different
levels and in different situations, including initial level and middle level, is proposed in this paper. Finally, the dynamic
manipulation of spatial data is discussed, taking advantage of the object search manipulation and the cartography
generalization.
The geo-ontology based on stratified rough sets
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For meeting the challenge of multi-scale and uncertainty of spatial data, a new theory of building Geo-ontology, which is
based on Stratified Rough Sets, is put forward in this paper. The theory for building Geo-ontology based on Stratified
Rough Set, called GOSR, studies the Geo-ontology from two aspects: the intension and the extension of the ontology
concept.By extending the only one equivalence relation of the rough set to more than two equivalence relations, we
consider a nested sequence of m equivalence relations:
E1 &subuline; E2 &subuline; . . . &subuline; Em.
In conclusion, Geo-Ontology based on Stratified Rough Sets has these characters: a series nested equivalence relation
forms a granule different partial ordered lattice. An equivalence relation corresponds to a universe. The elements in the
universe are the rough objects in the same spatial scale. The lowest universe is built up by the atom spatial objects. The
elements in the higher universe can be built up by generalizability or combination of the lower universe. In this way, we
can associate the universes of the Stratified Rough Sets with the multi-scale, uncertain spatial data. On the other hand,
the equivalence classes defined by different equivalence relations correspond to different semantic granular
Geo-Ontology conception, describing the semantic intension of the spatial data.
An efficient distributed shortest path algorithm based on hierarchically structured topographical model
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The route computation module is one of the most important functional blocks in a dynamic route guidance system.
Although various algorithms exist for finding the shortest path, they are faced with the networks in the local server not
distributed environment. We present an efficient distributed hierarchical routing algorithm that can find a near-optimal
route and evaluate it on a large city road network which is composed of a lot of small networks which are placed on
different servers. Solutions provided by this algorithm are compared with the stand-alone traditional hierarchical routing
solutions to analyze the same and different points. We propose two novel yet simple heuristic to substantially improve
the performance of this hierarchical routing algorithm with acceptable loss of accuracy. The improved distributed
hierarchical routing algorithm has been found to be faster than a local A* algorithm.
A new global GIS architecture based on STQIE model
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Global GIS is a system, which supports the huge data process and the global direct manipulation on global grid based on
spheroid or ellipsoid surface. A new Global GIS architecture based on STQIE model is designed in this paper, according
to the computer cluster theory, the space-time integration technology and the virtual real technology. There is four-level
protocol framework and three-layer data management pattern of Global GIS based on organization, management and
publication of spatial information in this architecture. In this paper a global 3D prototype system is developed taking
advantage of C++ language according to the above thought. This system integrated the simulation system with GIS, and
supported display of multi-resolution DEM, image and multi-dimensional static or dynamic 3D objects.
Improving method of line (area) buffer creating model used in MapInfo
R. C. Peng,
Y. Chen,
G. H. Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
Both the "Earth" coordinates system and "Non Earth" coordinates system are the coordinates systems mostly used in the
GIS software nowadays. In the former coordinates system, the earth is treated as a sphere and in the latter one; all the
spatial analysis models are based on the Euclidian Plane. The different coordinates system has the different usage: the
"Earth" coordinates system is applied to the spatial analysis of large-scale areas and the "Non Earth" coordinates system
is applied to local areas. The error will be made if the usage of the systems is exchanged. Through the analysis of typical
MapInfo point and line (area) buffer creating examples, the inaccuracy of MapInfo line (area) buffer creating model
based on map projection plane has been found. Analyzing and validating its reason, the improving ideas and methods are
given out: constituting line (area) buffer creating model by MapInfo point buffer creating model and convex hull creating
model; constituting line (area) buffer creating model based on the earth ellipsoid. This paper not only provides an
idiographic method for MapInfo users to improve the accuracy and reliability of spatial analysis, but also reminds users
not to abuse the buffer analysis tools. On the other hand, this will put forward a good reference for the new version of
MapInfo system and other GIS developers.
Integration of spatial information technology for digital urban planning
Anrong Dang,
Huizhen Shi,
Xindong He,
et al.
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Integration of spatial information technology for digital urban planning (DUP) was studied in this paper based on analyzing the challenges of digital city upon current urban planning as well as its developing trend. Three subjects related to the spatial information technology and integration were discussed in this paper. First of all, the technology methodology system of digital urban planning was built up, and the position and functions of spatial information technology in digital urban planning were defined. Secondly, the technical integratation approaches of spatial information technology for digital urban planning was discussed in three levels, which include data level, function level, and platform level. Thirdly, the integrated application approaches of spatial information technology for digital urban planning were suggested according to the characteristics of master urban planning and detailed urban planning, which include three steps, such as DUP data preparation, DUP scheme creation, and DUP scheme submission.
Study on lateral buffer generation in GIS
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To the question of buffer generation for linear objects in GIS, nowadays most of existing studies devote to the algorithms of buffer generation in which the factor of director is not considered because of its complexity, and few people pay attention to study on the lateral buffer generation. This paper attempts to explore and give some preliminary solutions about the lateral buffer generation for linear objects. First it discusses the definition of left and right sides about linear objects, and a new method to determine the lateral relation is designed based on this definition. Furthermore, it puts forward two methods of lateral buffer generation, and gives the implementation steps in detail. In addition, the paper takes some vivid examples to analyze the characteristic and potential problems of these two methods, which have some referenced value to the kindred researches in algorithm design of lateral buffer generation.
Research on the diathesis, knowledge structure and education scheme of GIS personnel
Manchun Li,
Weiwei Dai,
Yong Zhao
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Featuring as the discipline of research tool, project and intersection, GIS' science precipitates the stratification and versatility of GIS application and correspondingly social demand of GIS professional. Based on the investigation and analysis relating to the status of current GIS education at home and abroad, this paper points out that GIS professionals should own several dispositions: the integration of basic mathematical as well as spatial knowledge with perfect GIS specialty; the integration of fundamental skills of GIS and strong desire for GIS query and renovation; the integration of GIS developing technique and GIS projects-managing capacity. Moreover, they should grasp a correspondingly stereo knowledge structure, which is elongated by mathematical and spatial elementary, widen by the application, and deepen by special technology. At last, the educational model is proposed, and program is discussed aiming at cultivation of middle or advanced level GIS professionals.
Fuzzy description model for indeterminate direction relation
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Firstly a formalized represent model of indeterminate geographical objects is designed based on the quartuple (x, y, A, μ). Then a direction reference framework is constructed by revising the cone method for uncertain direction relation presentation, where the partition of direction sections is smoothly and continually, and the two neighboring sections are overlapped in the transition zones with fuzzy method. Based on these, a fuzzy description model for indeterminate direction relation is proposed with the fuzzy directional reference frame where the uncertainty of all the three parts (source object, reference object and reference frame) is taken into account simultaneously. In the end, a case study is implemented to test the rationality and viability of the model.
Research of the relationship between space accessiblity and urban land price by point-based space syntax
Ke Song,
Manchun Li,
Yixi Shao,
et al.
Show abstract
Studies on economic geography assume that the space accessibility, which means the connectivity of one location with the others, can be considered as the crucial factor determining the land price in case that we can not take account of all factors. Space syntax was widely developed to study the accessibility of urban system recently. The traditional lines-based space syntax theory is not so in reason that every single point along each line has the same syntactical attributes, so it is more logical to use characteristic points to represent the urban system instead. This paper tries to analyze the space accessibility of urban system with point-based space syntax, and then find the inherent relationship between space accessibility and urban land price. The approach of this paper was to get the sample points of land price, calculate the syntactical variables of the sample points depend on interpolation with characteristic points, and find the relationship between space accessibility and urban land price from correlation analysis. The test area is Luqiao, Zhejiang Province, a developed area close to the East Sea of China. The result showed that the total integration and land price had rather strong correlation. It can be concluded that the space accessibility is one of the fatal factor influencing the urban land price, and the integration is the direct variable to describe it. However, more issues have to be discussed: the definition of characteristic points was not so clear and some preferences were factitious, etc. They need to be implemented in the wider context of accessibility covering both geographic and geometric elements through further researches.
Knowledge-based geographic model integration
Hui Yang,
Guonian Lu,
Jia Wang,
et al.
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To quickly respond to development of the information technology, GIS must be able to create, manage and optimize spatial analyses. Building up spatial analyses using pre-existing geographic models can lead to higher efficiency in fulfilling complex analytical goal. We propose a knowledge-based approach, which meets spatial analyses requirements by integrating distributed and heterogeneous geographic model sources spread over the web. This paper suggests that geographic model integration should be based on the knowledge that we can separate it into syntactic wrapping, semantic representation and domain mapping sub-problems. The architecture for knowledge-based geographic model integration is presented that comprises several functional layers to provide web services to locate, share, and publish model sources. This paper will emphasize on knowledge-based approach to support geographic model integration to simplify the cooperation of geographic scientists.
Research on GIS open service solution based on Parlay API architecture
Xiaoqiang Zhu,
Manchun Li
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The GIS Open Service Architecture is built on the open standards specified by the Parlay Group. It provides an innovative solution that brings the best of geographical information applications to communication service providers. It allows the creation and delivery of GIS services easily and economically. This new solution is built around an open, fully distributed, highly scalable and available architecture and consists of the GIS Application Server and Converged Service Delivery Platform. It acts as an operating system for the emerging 3rd generation network.
Data organization appproach to spatio-temporal GIS in campus real estate
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Driving by a happened event, entities vary from one state to another. Based on the rule, this paper analyzed the relations between events of entities and its states, and made an improvement on base state with amendments model. The improved model is named as multi base state with amendments model. The key idea of this method is to build more than one historical base state according to the frequency of event happens and the amount of data updates. And for the state between every historical base state, we merely stored the changed part but did not re-store the unchanged part. It overcomes the weakness of snapshot method which leads a great deal of redundant data, and also overcomes the drawback of base state with amendments method which will need a great amount of complex computation when historical state is rebuild. This model has been successfully applied to organize the spatio-temporal data of GIS in campus real estate information system. It is very convenient to rebuild house historical state.
The study of spatio-temporal reasoning model and application in the digital tobacco
Jing Luo,
Weihong Cui
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This paper combined the studied task and the project of "digital tobacco" and in the backgroun of completely analyzed the current various spatio-temporal reasoning models, and then advanced the technical route by combining the object-oriented technology, and applied this model in the management of tobacco planting of the "Digital tobacco 3S system in YunNan province". Through the application of management of rotating parcels, the mode of management of parcels in this area transferred from the traditional mode to the scientific and modern mode. Consequently, this mode would increase the rationality and scientific component in the planting, monitoring, maintenance and management etc, and then gained the maximal economic benefit.
Role-based access control model for GIS
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Access control of Geographical Information System (GIS) has more complex spatial constraints than the general MIS system, it makes the classic role-based access control model(RBAC) can't be used in GIS. To achieve an effective Access Control Model for GIS, an extension model of the RBAC is presented in the paper. Firstly, this paper introduce the three kinds spatial constraints that included layer constraints, region constraints and spatial object constraints; Then the paper expanded the basic RBAC model, added regional class, layers class and so on; Finally, the paper has given the system RABC control model as well as the realization method in view of GIS. An extension model of the RBAC is applicable to mobile computing, wireless access and system about location is concluded by analyzing.
Effects of cell sizes on resistance surfaces in GIS-based cost distance modeling for landscape analyses
Wenbao Liu,
Dongmei Chen,
Neal A. Scott
Show abstract
GIS-based cost distance modeling has been increasingly applied to evaluate habitat quality of existing landscapes and to test "what-if" scenarios for habitat restoration planning. The validity of the raster-based modeling tool is inevitably affected by the cell size of the modeling input. Such effects may be assessed at two levels: resistance and accumulated cost surfaces. This study assesses the resistance-level effects by scaling-up a base landscape at 25 m resolution with six aggregation approaches: the nearest-neighbor assignment, the bilinear interpolation, the cubic convolution, the BlockMajority, the BlockMean and the AggregateMean in ArcGISTM. The effects were measured by the difference between the aggregated and base resistance surfaces using the proposed measures: the mean absolute error, the mean squared error and the autocorrelation coefficient. The results showed that increasing aggregation sizes would generally increase the difference between the generated and the base resistance surfaces for all aggregations. Furthermore, the BlockMajority performed best in terms of the first two measures, whereas the BlockMean and AggregateMean performed best if judged by the third measure.
Improved algorithm for data conversion from raster to vector
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Transforming Remote Sensing (RS) classification result from the raster to vector format (R2V) is a common task in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and RS image processing. R2V acts as a bridge connecting GIS and RS data integration, and is an important module in many commercial software packages such as ENVI and ArcGIS. While considering inconvenience and inefficiency existed in current R2V algorithm, it still has some room to improve. In this paper some technologies and skills are addressed to improve R2V, including sub-image dynamical separation, fast edge tracing, segment combination and partial topology construction. A new method of two-Arm chain edge tracing is introduced. The improved algorithm has so me advantages: It can transform all types of RS classification only once, and build complete topology relationship; The shared edge between two polygons is recorded only once, the diagonal pixels with same attribution are connected automatically; It is scalable while processing large dimension image,it runs fast and enjoys a significant advantage in processing large RS images; It is convenient to edit and modify the vectorised map because of its complete topology information. Based on case study, the preliminary results show its some advantages over Envi and ArcGIS.
Assessment of micro-regional internal accessibility based on road network
Ting Nie,
Manchun Li,
Zhixin Jiang,
et al.
Show abstract
Accessibility is an important indicator of regional land-use, social justice and quality of life. It means the convenience from one place to another in a specified kind of transportation system. Wide-region based, most of the present domestic accessibility research took the high-grade highway such as highway and railway as entirely open road, without considering the service that high-grade highway provides based on intersection and railway station. This study extended to put forward arithmetic to deal with this problem in a micro-regional study area. Taking New District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province as a study case, this study researched the assessment of micro-regional internal accessibility based on road network including closed road. This study provides a tool to regional economical and social decision, and introduces a new view for studying relationship between people and land-use in micro-district.
Study on the complex network characteristics of urban road system based on GIS
Zhonghua Gao,
Zhenjie Chen,
Yongxue Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
Urban road system is the basic bone of urban transportation and one of the most important factors that influent and controls the urban configuration. In this paper, an approach of modeling, analyzing and optimizing urban road system is described based on complex network theory and GIS technology. The urban road system is studied on three focuses: building the urban road network, modeling the computational procedures based on urban road networks and analyzing the urban road system of Changzhou City as the study case. The conclusion is that the urban road network is a scale-free network with small-world characteristic, and there is still space for development of the whole network as a small-world network, also the key road crosses should be kept expedite.
Research on the Yin-Yang structure of the main city of Nanjing by the method of GIS
Wen Yuan,
Xigang Zhu,
Bo Zhao
Show abstract
Chinese government has proposed a strategic development thought named as "Harmonious Society", which contains the requirements to apply Chinese traditional theory to nowadays construction. However, the available theoretical achievement almost all stems from the western, and entirely not suitable for the real situation in China. Meanwhile the research method is fairly traditional. The appearance of the concepts of yin-region, yang-region and yin-yang structure changes the situation of the dominance by a series of westerners' concepts of describing the urban and regional space and theories of spatial structures. Based on the primary achievement of the theory, this article tries to apply GIS methods into the new theory, which makes it more consummate and scientific.
This paper will put emphases on discussing the quantitative definition with GIS, evaluate effect and harmonious mechanism about urban yin-yang spatial structure based on existing primary researches of the author's mentor. By means of reasonable division, the yin region and yang region can be defined, and which makes the new definition be quantified and the theory more scientific.
First, considering the aspect of economy, social progress and environment, 11 indexes composed of 24 factors are elected as the appraisal foundation. Then, decide the importance of each factor by gifting them different scores(hundred mark system is adopted, that is to say 100 stands for the strongest affection, while 0 stands for having no affection, the score between them from low to high represents the importance variety). Furthermore, rely on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) synthesizing experts' marking methods, the final point is determined. In this way, the scale of the appraisal units scold be fixed. Then we could construct the effect of the factors. By doing this, the factors' entirety affection on every units can be reflected. Accumulating the factors' scores of each unit, the ultimate affection score could be determined by ArcGIS Analysis. Finally, we could divide the units into three groups according to their final score, from high to low they respectively standing for the yin-region, the transition region and the yang region.
The research on yin-yang-regions and yin-yang structure will help stimulate the coordinated development of the whole society and make all the people reach an agreement that we should launch positive and effective strategies and measures to improve the development environment of yin-region, promote its transition to yang-region.
Improving the performance of spatial raster analysis in GIS using GPU
Ye Wu,
Ying Ge,
Weibao Yan,
et al.
Show abstract
GIS spatial raster analysis has become a powerful tool for geographical phenomena. Unfortunately the computation-intensive raster operations are likely to create computer performance bottlenecks when running on the CPUs. Over the last few years, GPU performance has improved much more than CPU performance. For this reason, many researches have applied the GPUs for scientific, geometric and database computations beyond graphics. This paper demonstrates a general framework for the GPU-based implementation of GIS raster operations, and conducts experiments to compare the computation performance between GPU-based and CPU-based algorithms. The test results indicate that using GPU on spatial raster operations can significantly improve their computation performance. This means that realizing GIS spatial analysis on the GPU create new opportunities by drastically lowering the cost of raster operations on the same hardware performance.
Research and implementation of road monitoring GIS system
Jia Yu,
Jianping Wu,
Min Yi
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Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the traditional video monitoring system, the paper presents an efficient road monitoring system based on GIS technology, named Road Monitoring GIS (RMGIS) System. The basic framework of the system modules is set out. The key technology and implementation of the special function are highlighted put forward. The paper takes a new interpretation of the buffer zone, topological network, geocoding and explains the construct method of some mathematical model. Advanced functions such as road topological network, moving object database and adaptive image recognition are also explored and studied in a certain extent. Now the system has been successfully applied to the road management in Shanghai urban area, some intelligent function will be implemented in the follow-up project.
A study on service-based multi-agent geospatial data sharing method
Longmei Teng,
Nan Liu,
Renyi Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
A method of realizing geospatial data sharing in a distributed environment is puts forward. It introduces the application of Web Services and Multi-Agent technology in geospatial data sharing from the viewpoint of technological realization to meet the demand of geospatial data sharing. By analysis of theory and technology of current solutions of geospatial data sharing, we put forward a Multi-Agent Geospatial Data Sharing Model ( MAGDSM ) based on Multi-Agent architecture and Web Service. Web Service can overcome problems of data transmission and platform heterogeneity existing in the distributed computing technologies. Multi-Agent can meet the demand to realize different utility of different users by different searching strategies considering of user's view. In this paper, the structure of MAGDSM is discussed and analyzed in detail. Additionally, a prototype system of Service-based Multi-Agent geospatial data sharing system in a distributed environment is presented.
Research on assessing conditions of establishing industrial land and spatial integration for region along Yangtze of Changzhou aided by GIS
Dian Sun,
Wu Liu,
Renrong Jiang
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Taking the Yangtze developing region of Changzhou as the study area, this paper explores the schema of spatial integration of urban industrial land using spatial statistics analysis aided by GIS to solve the problems on assessing conditions of establishing industrial land of the study area. Then the zones for integrating and converging industrial land of the Yangtze region of Changzhou are outlined for spatial integration are raised. This study makes practical sense on guiding the spatial integration of industrial land of the Yangtze region of Changzhou, and is also valuable for other cities or similar areas to use for reference.
Integration and utilization of the historical cultural resources of Nanjing based on cluster analysis
Jing Xu,
Yueguang Zong
Show abstract
As one of the 101 leading national-level historical and culture cities in China, Nanjing owns affluent historical cultural resources. In order to effectively manage and thoroughly protect these valuable resources, which seem to scatter randomly across the space of Nanjing, we must explore the potential distribution rule beneath them. Empirical experience informs us historical sightings agglomerating in a geographical sense (along linear streets, within architectures blocks, etc) generally preserve a relatively complete historical style and feature because of rooting in a same historical tradition. Based on it, we firstly tackle these plot data with cluster analysis, which produces a preliminary result of twelve sorts, and then disconnects or units certain sorts according to a further investigation of cultural homogeneity and neighboring natural scene. This modification reaches seven sorts, an ideal historical and culture planning model for Nanjing. Undoubtedly, extending from this successful case, we believe this method will also provide powerful references for historical city preservation plans of other cities.
Quicky location determination based on geographic keywords of natural language
Danhuai Guo,
Weihong Cui
Show abstract
In location determination based on natural language, it is common to find the location by describing relationship between the undetermined position and one or several determined position. That indicates that the uncertainty of location determination processing is derived from the one of natural language procedure, the one of spatial position description and the one of spatial relationship description. Most of current researches and regular GIS software take certainty as prerequisite and try to avoid uncertainty and its influence. The research reported in this paper is an attempt to create a new combing method of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Fuzzy set theory and spatial information science named Quickly Location Determination based on Geographic Keywords (QLDGK) to rise to the challenge of location searching technique based on natural language. QLDGK have two technical gists. The first one is geographic-keywords-library and special natural-language-separation-model-library that increases the language processing efficiency. The second one is fuzzy theory based definition of spatial relationship, spatial metric and spatial orientation that extends the searching scope and defines variant confidences on variant searching outcome. QLDGK takes consideration on both higher query efficiency and the lower omission rate. The above method has been proved workable and efficient by QLDGK prototype system which was tested by about 12000 emergency call reports from K-city, Southwest of China, and achieved the test result with 78% accuracy in highest confidence and 8% omitting ration.
Analysis on the spatial structure and characteristics of the eminent tourism resources in south Jiangsu based on GIS
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This paper includes three parts. Firstly, it evaluates tourism resources of South Jiangsu based on the "Chinese tourist resources general survey norm". Then it analyzes the quantity and the spatial characteristics of the eminent tourism resources of south Jiangsu based on GIS. The result of comprehensive evaluation and spatial analysis showed that the humanity tourism resources play fundamental roles in the structure of the eminent tourism resources, and the natural tourism resources are important parts; and in the spatial distribution, the tourism resources show the characteristics of "strap" and "circle", and disequilibrium distribution in region.
Secondly, it makes use of the graph theory to analyze the spatial structure of the eminent tourist resources and analyzes the topological properties of the tourism resources network using several indexes such as β, γ indexes, accessibility index, average directory length and the shortest path matrix, etc.
In the end, the paper pays attention to the spatial structure of tourism resources -city relations. Non-equilibrium index and geographical relation ratio are used to observe the spatial structure between the eminent tourism resources and the five cities in south Jiangsu.
Analysis on evolution process of the Meizizhou reach of the Yangtze River from the revetment based on GIS
Guixian Qu,
Jian Wang,
Shibiao Bai,
et al.
Show abstract
Based on the data, which are underwater relief maps of the lower reach of Yangtze River in the years of 1959,1970,1983,1992 and 2003 and three profiles investigated with utilizing Arc-GIS software, this paper studied the evolution process and differences in time and space influenced by revetment in Meizizhou reach of the Yangtze River. Comparing the proportion of the width and depth, and the swing velocities of the water-front and channel line, the results show that since the revetment was undertaken, the swinging range of left waterfront and channel line decreased distinctly and the channel plane distortion was controlled effectively. Then the riverbed was eroded continuously, on which the deepest point was moving towards right. The shoal on the head of Meizizhou becomes deeper and narrower. The channel trends to stability. The Third Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has further effectively controlled the evolution process of the Meizizhou reach of the Yangtze River.
Study on growth monitoring of winter wheat based on change vector analysis
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The basic idea of current study of crop growth monitoring is to analyze the relation between the shape variety of NDVI curve and the condition variety of crop, calculate the feature factors, and speculate the growing condition of crop. This investigation takes five high-yield provinces as study area, including Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu, and takes winter wheat as study object. The ten days maximum value composite (MVC) SPOT-VEGETATION dataset, from 1999 to 2005, is used as the main remotely sensed data. Savizky-Golay filter method, which made the NDVI time-series curve disclose the change rule of winter wheat growth better, is use to eliminate the noise. And then the method of Change Vector Analysis (CVA) is applied to detect the change dynamics of winter wheat. According to the each average value of Change Vector in six years, changes, intra-annual, inter-annual and interlocal, of winter wheat have been quantified. The result shows that the method of Change Vector Analysis is effective for monitoring the winter wheat growth as a new idea, which can integrate most of the feature factors of NDVI curve.
A GIS-based approach for comparative analysis of potential fire risk assessment
Ying Sun,
Lieqiu Hu,
Huiping Liu
Show abstract
Urban fires are one of the most important sources of property loss and human casualty and therefore it is necessary to assess the potential fire risk with consideration of urban community safety. Two evaluation models are proposed, both of which are integrated with GIS. One is the single factor model concerning the accessibility of fire passage and the other is grey clustering approach based on the multifactor system. In the latter model, fourteen factors are introduced and divided into four categories involving security management, evacuation facility, construction resistance and fire fighting capability. A case study on campus of Beijing Normal University is presented to express the potential risk assessment models in details. A comparative analysis of the two models is carried out to validate the accuracy. The results are approximately consistent with each other. Moreover, modeling with GIS promotes the efficiency the potential risk assessment.
Study on drought fine distribution over rugged terrains based on GIS
Y. H. Gao,
Y. Z. Tian,
Z. J. Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
Using GIS technique and 1 : 250000 DEM data, this paper studies the distribution of drought frequency determined by two interpolation methods of inverse distance weighted and regression. The results from two methods are compared. The results show that the regression method based on the factors of climate and geography can reflect drought distribution reasonably and can be used for space extension over the rugged terrains where meteorological stations are sparse.
Divisions of urban economic effect regions based on revised potential model: a case study of Jiangsu Province since 1978
Jie Zhu,
Weihua Guan,
Jufen Xu,
et al.
Show abstract
According to the theory of abrupt climatic change, the regional economic development process in Jiangsu province since 1978 is divided into three periods in this paper. Then the paper employs urban centrality index and time cost for transportation, instead of the city scale and the distance factor, to modify the original potential model. Based on the grid arithmetic of GIS methodology, the paper points out the ranges of urban economic effect regions (UEERs) for central cities at different rank in Jiangsu province of main years. Accordingly, Jiangsu province can be separated into different rank of urban economic effect regions. Consequently, the characteristics of UEERs in Jiangsu province since 1978 can be summarized as below: (1) the change in spatial structure from South-North to East-West, (2) the expanding tendency to north for UEERs in the south, (3) the emergence of new central cities in southern Jiangsu province. Furthermore, the mechanism of evolution of UEERs in Jiangsu is also analyzed in this paper, and the development of transportation axes, the diversities of economic development level and the disparities among the input of social product factors are the three main reasons.
The study on dynamic cadastral coding rules based on kinship relationship
Huan Xu,
Nan Liu,
Renyi Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
Cadastral coding rules are an important supplement to the existing national and local standard specifications for building cadastral database. After analyzing the course of cadastral change, especially the parcel change with the method of object-oriented analysis, a set of dynamic cadastral coding rules based on kinship relationship corresponding to the cadastral change is put forward and a coding format composed of street code, block code, father parcel code, child parcel code and grandchild parcel code is worked out within the county administrative area. The coding rule has been applied to the development of an urban cadastral information system called "ReGIS", which is not only able to figure out the cadastral code automatically according to both the type of parcel change and the coding rules, but also capable of checking out whether the code is spatiotemporally unique before the parcel is stored in the database. The system has been used in several cities of Zhejiang Province and got a favorable response. This verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the coding rules to some extent.
The study on the spatio-temporal model of the moving objects based on LBS
Li Zhou,
Deli Zhang,
Xuezhao He
Show abstract
The establishment of spatio-temporal model of Moving Objects is the foundation of Moving Objects Management and Moving Objects Information Service. Based on the research on Moving Objects and its development, the concept and properties of moving object discussed systemically. A moving object conceptual model called spatio-temporal tube model is presented. The model consists of five major components, i.e. moving points, moving trajectory, space grid, moving events, spatio-temporal tube cell. The model's features of the efficiency dealing with a great lot space-data are described in detail. And the relationships between five elements of the spatio-temporal tube model are also discussed.
Theory of ontology and land use ontology construction
Guofeng Zhou,
Yongxue Liu,
Junjie Chao,
et al.
Show abstract
It mainly presents the problems of data share in land use database construction. How to accurately define geographic classification expression and how to quickly and accurately express the user demand are plaguing problems of information system developer. The introduction of ontology and relevant technologies address the problem with a brand new perspective and provide a strong theoretical and methodological support. From the relevant ontology theoretical study, this paper summarizes the essence of the concept of ontology; and explores the type, role, method, formalization expression and tools of ontology. On the basis of existing research, the paper brings forward 5-step method of ontology building and then uses this method to build ontology in land use database construction. It also puts forward the notion model of land use database based on ontology.
Qualitative spatial reasoning for direction relation
Penggen Chen,
Jing Wu,
Dajun Li,
et al.
Show abstract
In geographic space, there are there main spatial relations among spatial entities, which are topological relation, direction relation and distance relation. Because spatial relation theories and researches directly influence the design, develop and application of GIS system, it attaches greatly importance to international GIS and interrelated academe. Qualitative spatial reasoning forms an important part of the commonsense reasoning required for building intelligent GIS. Because of the complexity and uncertainty inherent in spatial issues, the description and reasoning of spatial relation often use qualitative method in accordance with spatial cognition. Because direction relation is one of the most frequent qualitative spatial reasoning factors used in everyday life, the qualitative direction relation reasoning is a kind of important qualitative spatial reasoning. In this paper, we focus our efforts on the problem of reasoning the direction relation between regions that are composed of sets of polygons. According to the number of direction relation elements, direction relation can be divided into monomial direction relation (including one direction relation element only) and multinomial direction relation (including more than one direction relation elements); and the reference frame of direction relation can be divided into one reference frame and two reference frames. Previous methods always abstract regions into points or approximately equal in their size under two reference frames. In order to have meticulously reasoning results, we proposed a method of qualitative spatial reasoning for direction relation based on one reference frame under four different kinds of situations, that is monomial and monomial direction relation reasoning, multinomial and monomial direction relation reasoning, monomial and multinomial direction relation reasoning, multinomial and multinomial direction relation reasoning. In addition, a prototype system and a case study are carried out, and the future research problems and directions about qualitative spatial reasoning for direction relation are also discussed.
Research on the new route choice method of main optical cables based on Dijkstra algorithm: a case study of Guanyun County
Mei Zhang,
Xiaoyun Gu,
Zhenjie Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
Up until now, the optical cable network has covered many cities of China. However, there are still so many middle or small sized cities which are not connected to the grid backbone optical cable network of the country. It is urgent to connect these middle or small sized cities into the backbone optical cable network of the country as soon as possible. However, up until now, little work has been done to find a better way for route choice of main optical cables, including those based on GIS methods. This paper proposes a new method for route choice of main optical cables, i.e., the method for route choice of main optical cables based on Dijkstra Algorithm. In this paper, a model for route choice of main optical cables is built, the influencing factors are chosen and quantified according to the specific situation of Guanyun County, and the route of the main optical cables of Guanyun is chosen and drawn on the map. The result shows that the method proposed by this paper has more potentials than the traditional method used in Guanyun County.
GIS based quantification method of spatial competition
Zhenjie Chen,
Manchun Li,
Haiyue Fu,
et al.
Show abstract
In this paper, the problem of quantification of spatial competition is solved from three aspects: quantification of spatial competition potency, spatial competition relationship, and spatial competition intensity. In quantification of spatial competition potency, traditional evaluation method and Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analysis technique are combined for evaluation. The influence factors of spatial competition potency are divided as three categories: limiting factors, characteristic factors, and ordinary factors. Thus, synthesis appraisal is employed to analyses spatial competition potency for all geographical entities in evaluation area. At the time of construction of spatial competition relationship model, the gravity model is referred. Nevertheless, some parameters of traditional gravity model are endowed with new meaning: using spatial competition potency of geographical entity to replace the "quality", and using accessibility to replace the "distance". The process of estimating spatial competition intensity of one point in spatial competition area can be finished through the following three steps: computing spatial competition intensity between each two geographical entities around the point, comparing all spatial competition intensity, selecting the maximum spatial competition intensity as the spatial competition intensity of the point. In order to verify feasibility of the method, rural settlements in Tonglu County are selected as test objects.
Processing model of multi-scale geospatial data based on genetic algorithms
Hongyan Deng,
Fang Wu,
Qian Zhao,
et al.
Show abstract
It is one of the most important and far-reaching problems about multi-scale processing and representation of geospatial data in geographic information science. Processing model of multi-scale geospatial data is the key to the problem. After deeply analysing principles of Genetic Algorithms, a processing model of multi-scale geospatial data based on Genetic Algorithms is proposed: 1.determining coding, this model used restricted coding method combined with existing models; 2. making fitness function: the geometric feature of points cluster and the number of points in line are leading guidelines of fitness function; 3. ascertaining local optimization strategy: it takes contrast of points cluster and precision of points in line as the secondary factors, in order to achieve high optimization efficiency. Experiments have demonstrated that the model does well in terms of preserving geometric feature of geospatial data.
Bidirectional Dijkstra algorithm for best-routing of urban traffic network
Show abstract
Best-routing is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of traffic jam in a technical way. Based on the classic Dijkstra Algorithm, the bidirectional search algorithm is adopted to improve algorithmic efficiency in this paper. And section resistance is also adopted in best-routing model in order to indicate not only the condition of road itself, but also the information like traffic flow, which can make the road information more general and efficient. And cross linked list is adopted to reflect topological information of road net, which ensures the weight keep minimum. The feasibility and efficiency are verified by a study case of local area in Beijing.
Study on the balance of datum land prices among cities based on city gravitation model and stochastic diffuson equation
Show abstract
The balance of urban datum land prices is made to harmonize regional land prices and to make datum land prices truly reflect different economic development levels and land prices among cities. At present, Piecewise Linear Interpolation balance method is widely used for the moment, but its two shortages always lead to unsatisfactory balanced results of some cities. As well all known, When the excess of land price in the central city to the surrounding zone achieves a certain degree, the land price of the circumjacent city is not only consistent with the local land grade and land using level, but also influenced by the diffusion of the land price in central city. So, a new balance scheme of datum land price will be brought forward in this paper based on city gravitation model and stochastic diffusion equation. Finally, the new method will be examined in the practice of datum land price balance in Hubei province, china.
WebGIS, Virtual GIS, Grid GIS, and Mobile GIS
Station-based water vapor estimation using sparse national GPS network
Y. Gao,
W. Tao,
Y. Zhang
Show abstract
GPS data processing for water vapor estimation has been to date based on a baseline approach in which data acquired
from different stations are processed at a data processing centre using differential GPS techniques. This approach
however is limited by the requirement of short distances between GPS tracking stations. This paper is to describe a
station-based approach which processes GPS data at different stations independently, taking advantage of widely
available high precision GPS orbit and clock data. The method can provide improved flexibility and efficiency for water
vapor estimation and is particularly efficient to implement using sparse national GPS network. The paper will describe
the methodology of station-based water vapor determination and the obtainable accuracy of the water vapor estimates
using data from a geodetic network of continuously operating GPS reference stations in Canada.
GIS and agent based spatial-temporal simulation modeling for assessing tourism social carrying capacity: a study on Mount Emei scenic area, China
Renjun Zhang
Show abstract
Each scenic area can sustain a specific level of acceptance of tourist development and use, beyond which further
development can result in socio-cultural deterioration or a decline in the quality of the experience gained by visitors. This
specific level is called carrying capacity. Social carrying capacity can be defined as the maximum level of use (in terms
of numbers and activities) that can be absorbed by an area without an unacceptable decline in the quality of experience of
visitors and without an unacceptable adverse impact on the society of the area. It is difficult to assess the carrying
capacity, because the carrying capacity is determined by not only the number of visitors, but also the time, the type of the
recreation, the characters of each individual and the physical environment. The objective of this study is to build a
spatial-temporal simulation model to simulate the spatial-temporal distribution of tourists. This model is a tourist spatial
behaviors simulator (TSBS). Based on TSBS, the changes of each visitor's travel patterns such as location, cost, and other
states data are recoded in a state table. By analyzing this table, the intensity of the tourist use in any area can be
calculated; the changes of the quality of tourism experience can be quantized and analyzed. So based on this micro
simulation method the social carrying capacity can be assessed more accurately, can be monitored proactively and
managed adaptively. In this paper, the carrying capacity of Mount Emei scenic area is analyzed as followed: The author
selected the intensity of the crowd as the monitoring Indicators. it is regarded that longer waiting time means more
crowded. TSBS was used to simulate the spatial-temporal distribution of tourists. the average of waiting time all the
visitors is calculated. And then the author assessed the social carrying capacity of Mount Emei scenic area, found the key
factors have impacted on social carrying capacity. The results show that the TSBS-aided method for assessing carrying
capacity is dynamic, quantifiable and more accurate.
A study on spatial decision support systems for HIV/AIDS prevention based on COM GIS technology
Kun Yang,
Huasong Luo,
Shungyun Peng,
et al.
Show abstract
Based on the deeply analysis of the current status and the existing problems of GIS technology applications in Epidemiology, this paper has proposed the method and process for establishing the spatial decision support systems of AIDS epidemic prevention by integrating the COM GIS, Spatial Database, GPS, Remote Sensing, and Communication technologies, as well as ASP and ActiveX software development technologies. One of the most important issues for constructing the spatial decision support systems of AIDS epidemic prevention is how to integrate the AIDS spreading models with GIS. The capabilities of GIS applications in the AIDS epidemic prevention have been described here in this paper firstly. Then some mature epidemic spreading models have also been discussed for extracting the computation parameters. Furthermore, a technical schema has been proposed for integrating the AIDS spreading models with GIS and relevant geospatial technologies, in which the GIS and model running platforms share a common spatial database and the computing results can be spatially visualized on Desktop or Web GIS clients. Finally, a complete solution for establishing the decision support systems of AIDS epidemic prevention has been offered in this paper based on the model integrating methods and ESRI COM GIS software packages. The general decision support systems are composed of data acquisition sub-systems, network communication sub-systems, model integrating sub-systems, AIDS epidemic information spatial database sub-systems, AIDS epidemic information querying and statistical analysis sub-systems, AIDS epidemic dynamic surveillance sub-systems, AIDS epidemic information spatial analysis and decision support sub-systems, as well as AIDS epidemic information publishing sub-systems based on Web GIS.
A photogrammetric method for monitoring sandbank movement
Zhaohui Deng,
Shinichi Takao
Show abstract
An automatic stereopair exposure system (ASES), which employs non-metric digital camera and control bars, was
developed aiming at monitoring sandbank movement in a way of non-contact, succession, low cost with satisfied
accuracy. Control bars was placed in front of camera, replacing the conventional ground control points (GCPs); nonmetric
digital camera, computer-controlled exposure without using total station at monitoring time, and automatically
locating feature point serve a solution to non-contact monitoring. A theoretical experimentation for accuracy test showed
that relative accuracy from 1/1500 to 1/20000 could be available, with the variation of space resection to calculate the
exterior orientation parameters. In the practical application of Enshu-nada coast, estuary of Kiku River of Shizioka
Prefecture, Japan, the method of fixing camera position provided height direction with an accuracies of 1/1442 and
1/7211, to the longest photographic distance and the shortest photographic distance, respectively, compared with total
station (TS). The method is flexible and is accurate enough for monitoring sandbank movement.
Architecture for service-oriented WebGIS in the mode of multilevel-multilayer organizing
Feixue Li,
Manchun Li,
Jian Liang
Show abstract
Service-oriented WebGIS is becoming a new trend of WebGIS. Under this schema, GIS data and operations are
enveloped into self-organized as well as self-described GIS web services. Via flexibly assembling theses web services,
GIS applications can be designed and implemented. Based on such, the bottleneck in spatial data sharing and GIS
operations can be widened to a certain extent. In this article, architecture for service-oriented WebGIS in the mode of
Multilevel-multilayer Organizing was focused on, and the hierarchical architecture for GIS web services, multi-level
query for GIS Web services as well as functions of intelligent manager were presented and demonstrating. In a case
study, a land use planning management information system for Yubei district, Chongqing city, had been developed based
on web service technique to demonstrate proposed feasibility.
A study on the wetland dynamics and its main driving factors in Sanjiang plain, Northeast China
Show abstract
Agricultural activities, especially reclamation, are considered major threats to the wetland ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain,
the largest concentrated area of the freshwater wetlands in China. Using remote sensing date interpretation, we obtained
land cover sceneries for 1976, 1986, 1995 and 2005. Based on these data sets, this study analyzed the dynamics of the
wetland cover and the conversion between wetland and other land cover types for Sanjiang Plain during the past 30
years. It shows that the wetland in Sanjiang Plain has been severely damaged. The wetland area decreased by 37.72%
from 1976 to 1986, by 15.54% from 1986 to 1995, and by 30.97% from 1995 to 2005, Wetland loss had much slowed
down during 1986 to 1995, but in recent years (1995-2005), it was very high. It was found that most wetland losing was
the result of cropland reclamation, and only small part due to conversion into grassland and forests. Both demographic
and resource management policies were analyzed for the wetland reduction. The result showed that increasing population
was the main reason for wetland reduction in the past decades since P.R. of China foundation. Though the speed of
wetland loss decreased during the later period, the reclamation of wetland still happened, so the practicable protection
measurement of the wetland in Sanjiang Plain should be reinforced further.
The mine information system based on digital strata and its preliminary application
Jinhu Hu,
Hehua Zhu,
Xiaojun Li,
et al.
Show abstract
As the fast development of the information technology (abbr. IT), it offers the chance for mine engineering to express the
research objects by the new technology. But to look at it another way, it also presents a challenge for the mine engineer
to improve the management capability nowadays. The nature geological features of mine, such as orebody, terrane,
cracked belt caused by rupture, and laneway, goaf, etc., are one real three-dimensional (3D) dynamic geography and
geologic environment. Therefore, the production and organization activity of mine are all in real 3D environment. As a
result, it is essential that utilizing the computer-based digitization technology to model all kinds of geologic condition
and paroxysmal accident we may encounter in the mining and digging course. Building 3D digital stratigraphic
information management system, it is of far reaching importance for the design and construction during the process of
mine building, for the dynamic management of numerous and jumbled engineering geology material during excavating
production and administrative procedure, for improving the data visualization degree, for advancing work efficiency
greatly, and for safety in production of mine. The concept of digital strata is proposed to solve such problems.
Based on the aim above, that is to build the stratigraphic information system for mine, we design the system frame. From
the rock-bottom data management to higher level of analyses and application, the frame is divided into four layers: data
management layer, model layer, spatial analysis layer, and application layer.
Monitoring variation of water turbidity and related environmental factors in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, China
Show abstract
There are pronounced spatial-temporal patterns in water turbidity in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (NNR),
China. A most suitable empirical model validated by the field data between Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance and Secchi Disk Depth (SDD) selected as the indicator of water turbidity is used
to map the spatio-temporal dynamics. High water transparency values are observed during the summer season, while the
most turbid situations always occur in winter. In different years, the trend is similar while the occurrence of detailed
peaks is a little different in the same lake. Comparing the situation in different seasons, the most turbid places show in
different directions. Different lakes have their specific situations. The turbidity difference in the low-water season is less
than the varying in the other seasons. Statistical methods were used to quantify the influence of factors such as water
level, wind speed, temperature and rainfall. Further statistic analysis is used to judge the accuracy of the model. Some
ancillary environmental factors which can also play a role such as fishing, dredging, vegetation and bird's influence are
analyzed by theoretical deduction, supported by field investigations and historical data.
Research on the flood prevention and control system of the Poyang lake area based on WebGIS
Xiaosheng Liu,
Youliang Chen,
Qun Sun
Show abstract
In order to promote the economy development of the PoYang Lake Area, simultaneously provide the information of the
rain and water state promptly for all levels of departments, which can be used to establish the auxiliary decision
information of the flood or the dike burst for the on-spot direction about the flood prevention and resisting disaster, the
author firstly explore the WebGIS technology, which includes the definition and speciality and the basic working patterns
of WebGIS; secondly, the author design the project for the system, which includes the principles of system design,
development environment, interface design, system function design, and so on; thirdly, the author develop and realize the
system. With application to the decision of the on-spot direction about the flood prevention and resisting disaster in the
PoYang Lake area, the system not only monitors and forecasts the flood disaster, and gives the loss assessment timely
and effectively, but also provides the decision basis for the safe and effective transfer of the suffered staff and property
and for determining the optimal path for the relief materials mix.
Impact of floating population on the epidemic of tuberculosis: a spatial analysis
Zhongwei Jia,
Xiaoxin He,
Wenjuan Zhao,
et al.
Show abstract
According to the report issued by the Health Bureau of Beijing that the number of newly registered active pulmonary
tuberculosis cases in floating population exceeded half of that in registered permanent residence in 2006. More attention
has been paid to the tuberculosis of floating population. Materials and methods: The population data included in the
studied was reported by the Beijing Police Bureau in 2004, and the case source from 2004 to 2006 was provided by
Beijing Research Institute for TB Control. Two GIS-based methods have been used to detect the hot spots of tuberculosis
in 18 districts of Beijing. Results: The distributions of hot spots of tuberculosis in Beijing are significantly associated
with that of floating people. Most likely cluster from all population matches with those from floating population, which
is stable from 2004 to 2006. Conclusion: The spatial analytical results indicated that the floating population has a drastic
influence on the epidemic of tuberculosis in Beijing. The tuberculosis control measures should incorporate the effect of
floating population.
Assessment of the regional landslide susceptiblity based on GIS
Ze Sun,
Shijie Xie,
Kexin Zhang,
et al.
Show abstract
Landslide is one of the major geological disasters in Minhe area bounded on Gansu and Qinghai. Based on field
detailed investigation on landslide susceptibility of Minhe area, the said paper selected four principal controlling factors
to establish digital assessment standard of regional landslide susceptibility via construction of mathematical model as
well as making scoring diagram of regional landslide susceptibility. Meanwhile, the method and flow of geological
mapping multisource-data integration was initially set up. Two premises for conducting multisource-data integration
during regional geological survey on digital basis were determined, namely, geological problem and mathematical model
applicable for various geoscience research data. Two mathematical methods cited during the whole flow were Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) and decision tree. Digital quantification of different data types such as qualitative data and
qualitative data was realized with AHP, so that those data can be imported into mathematical formula and participated in
calculation as variables. Decision tree achieved artificial intelligent classification of space data such as remote sensing.
Finally, landslide susceptibility assessment diagram of Minhe area was obtained, which was basically in accordance with
the actual landslide distribution principle of the region via comparison with actual conditions.
Study of the quantitative evaluation of the visual satisfaction of environmental space of urban sculpture based on relationship between human and environment: taking three environmental spaces of urban sculpture in Nanjing as an example
Jiang Zhou,
Nana Wang,
Qiuyin Qi,
et al.
Show abstract
Using the methods of Semantic Differential Method and Factor analysis, and taking three environmental space of urban
sculpture in Nanjing city as an example, we quantitatively evaluated the urban dwellers' subjective impressions of the
different types of environmental space of urban sculpture. The result shows that the feelings of psychological
environment of the target audience and the effects of landscape of the environmental space account for a very large
component in the quantitative evaluation of the visual satisfaction of environmental space of urban sculpture. So the
visual satisfaction research should focus on the feelings of psychological environment of the target audience and the
effects of landscape of the environmental space, which are both valuable aspects.
A GIS-based landslide hazard assessment by multiple regression analysis
Xiaoduo Pan,
Hiroyuki Nakamura,
Nozaki Tamotsu,
et al.
Show abstract
The occurrence of landslides generally depends on complex interactions among a large number of partially interrelated
factors. It is appropriate to use multiple regression analysis for predicting landslides from a given set of independent
variables. The procedure of landslide hazard assessment by regression analysis, however, requires evaluation of the
spatially varying terrain conditions as well as spatial representation of the landslides. In this paper, the multiple
regression analysis was applied to predict landslides in Himi district from independent factors, such as geology,
slope-aspect, slope angle, land use and soil with Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on GIS, every factor was
classified into several clusters and then the statistical weight of every cluster was assigned for every factor respectively.
By the weights of five factors, the linear regression's coefficients of these input factors in landslide area were extracted
and assigned to the whole region, and then the susceptibility for the potential landslide was obtained to make the
landslide hazard assessment map. Geology and slope-aspect factors are the most important ones. Soil factor is not so
notable in this research region, though it may be significant in other regions. At last, the average susceptibilities map for
existing landslides was made for the engineers to do control work.
Research about the location technologies of forest fire detecting based on GIS
Show abstract
Forest fire caused damages of property and loss of human life. Detecting a forest fire and get the location is very
significant in the fire early warning. More early and more prompt detecting fire and determining fire position as far as
possible could avoid and reduce loss of the disaster. At present there are three ways regarding the forest fire early
warning and location determining which included: monitoring form Remote Sense Satellite image, manual observation
and patrols, and automatic monitoring through CCD camera long-distance video. Overall evaluation regarding the three
location technologies in forest fire early warning, the CCD camera detecting method is suitable in the fire rapid
Response. An automatic forest fire surveillance system was running to detect the fire by using visible light images from
the remote cameras. If a forest fire was detected, an alarm will be activated. The observation point elevation values,
vertical offsets, horizontal and vertical scanning angles, and scanning distances will be also be sent to the central control
room. The spatial orientation will be computed and showed on the electronic map. Key location technologies based on
CCD camera included the image processing technique for automatically detecting forest fire and the visibility analyzes
technique for the digital elevation model. Jing gang Mountain which locates in Jiangxi province of China is taken as an
example. With the help of this automatic monitoring through CCD camera long-distance video and visibility analyzes,
scientists and government administrators can make decision-supporting easily when they know exactly where a forest
fire is. At last the shortage of CCD camera detecting method was discussed. We cannot depend on CCD camera
detecting equipment and technologies only. With foundation of the automatic video frequency supervisory system, we
should also strengthen manual observation and satellite remote sensing monitor.
Research on scenario simulation of land-use planning based on CA model: A case study in Kunming metropolitan area
Xue Li,
Yongxue Liu,
Xingzi Fu
Show abstract
Rapid urbanization and the following conversions of land-use have caused series of social and environment problems. To
construct a model of land-use conversions has been considered as a powerful tool to analyze the reason, process and
results of the conversions, and to make land-use planning and interrelated policies. Cellular Automata (CA) is a kind of
bottom-up model which has advantages in simulation method as well as simulation results. However, there are some
weaknesses in supporting the land-use planning. The way to extend the usage of CA model in this field is to model
dynamic spatial processes of different urban future planning scenarios. An improved CA model is designed in order to
meet the new requirement of land-use planning scenario simulation. After the design of CA model, scenario simulation
of Kunming metropolitan area will be demonstrated and discussed. In the application, 3 different targets, different
density patterns and different planning regulation are provided for the CA model to bring out different scenario
simulation results. The results show that this model can be used to recognize the different effects of different land-use
planning. It provides a more directly aspect to evaluate the land-use planning, and finally supports the government to
construct the new round of land-use planning.
Terrain matching image pre-process and its format transform in autonomous underwater navigation
Xuejun Cao,
Feizhou Zhang,
Dongkai Yang,
et al.
Show abstract
Underwater passive navigation technology is one of the important development orientations in the field of modern
navigation. With the advantage of high self-determination, stealth at sea, anti-jamming and high precision, passive
navigation is completely meet with actual navigation requirements. Therefore passive navigation has become a specific
navigating method for underwater vehicles. The scientists and researchers in the navigating field paid more attention to
it. The underwater passive navigation can provide accurate navigation information with main Inertial Navigation System
(INS) for a long period, such as location and speed. Along with the development of micro-electronics technology, the
navigation of AUV is given priority to INS assisted with other navigation methods, such as terrain matching navigation.
It can provide navigation ability for a long period, correct the errors of INS and make AUV not emerge from the seabed
termly. With terrain matching navigation technique, in the assistance of digital charts and ocean geographical
characteristics sensors, we carry through underwater image matching assistant navigation to obtain the higher location
precision, therefore it is content with the requirement of underwater, long-term, high precision and all-weather of the
navigation system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles.
Tertian-assistant navigation (TAN) is directly dependent on the image information (map information) in the navigating
field to assist the primary navigation system according to the path appointed in advance. In TAN, a factor coordinative
important with the system operation is precision and practicability of the storable images and the database which produce
the image data. If the data used for characteristics are not suitable, the system navigation precision will be low.
Comparing with terrain matching assistant navigation system, image matching navigation system is a kind of high
precision and low cost assistant navigation system, and its matching precision directly influences the final precision of
integrated navigation system. Image matching assistant navigation is spatially matching and aiming at two underwater
scenery images coming from two different sensors matriculating of the same scenery in order to confirm the relative
displacement of the two images. In this way, we can obtain the vehicle's location in fiducial image known geographical
relation, and the precise location information given from image matching location is transmitted to INS to eliminate its
location error and greatly enhance the navigation precision of vehicle.
Digital image data analysis and processing of image matching in underwater passive navigation is important. In regard
to underwater geographic data analysis, we focus on the acquirement, disposal, analysis, expression and measurement of
database information. These analysis items structure one of the important contents of underwater terrain matching and
are propitious to know the seabed terrain configuration of navigation areas so that the best advantageous seabed terrain
district and dependable navigation algorithm can be selected. In this way, we can improve the precision and reliability of
terrain assistant navigation system. The pre-process and format transformation of digital image during underwater image
matching are expatiated in this paper. The information of the terrain status in navigation areas need further study to
provide the reliable data terrain characteristic and underwater overcast for navigation. Through realizing the choice of
sea route, danger district prediction and navigating algorithm analysis, TAN can obtain more high location precision and
probability, hence provide technological support for image matching of underwater passive navigation.
An ArcHydro-feature based data model of water resources system of irrigation district in northwest China
Shanzhen Yi,
Zhanfeng Chang,
Lijun Li
Show abstract
Water resources system in irrigation district includes not only constructed infrastructure system but also natural
environmental system. How to combine the two systems together is important for watershed and irrigation district
management. ArcHydro model has provided a method for hydrology and water resources analysis but lost the ability to
model infrastructure system of water resources engineering in irrigation district. The paper has analyzed the
characteristics of ArcHydro model, and use ArcHydro feature to model the properties of irrigation infrastructure system,
water resources engineering and natural environmental system. The three kinds of features in water resources engineering
are given to illustrate the properties of irrigation infrastructure systems, including point feature of monitoring station, line
feature of cannel and area feature of reservoir. The irrigation district network model of Shulehe River in Hexi corridor of
northwest China is given to illustrate the model of irrigation facilities and water resource management.
A mathematical model for flood loss estimation based on spatial grid
Show abstract
Rapid and efficient estimation of flood loss is very important for flood disaster mitigation measurement. Geographic
information system and remote sensing are important tools for flood damage evaluation. This paper presents a basic
framework of flood loss estimation based on GIS and remote sensing. It illustrates the work flow which includes the
extraction of water extent and the flood damage calculation etc. Then a mathematical model for flood loss estimation
based on spatial grid is built. The model focuses on the scope of rural agriculture product, linear infrastructures and
population causality, and it is formulated based on stage-damage relationships between different flood inundation
parameters and land use features.
A case study demonstrates the real world application of the model to Tuojiang river basin in Sichuan province, China.
The estimation work is undergone through a storm loss estimation system developed with visual basic programming
language and Arc Objects. It calculated one flood event in 2001 in Tuojiang River.
Research on dynamical mechanism of land desertification
Ming Yang,
Renzhong Guo,
Quan Li,
et al.
Show abstract
Changes in climate, environment and human activity are the main factors responsible for the evolution of land
desertification in Hainan Island, among these, the state's policy-oriented human activities are the key point to control the
evolution of land system. The cellular automata model of land desertification can better describe the self-organization
mechanism of the evolution of desertified land system, whose entropy tends to become small. Based on the analyses of
the evolution processes and dynamical mechanism of land desertification in the western part of Hainan Island, the
cellular automata model of land desertification was developed, land desertification state in the western Hainan Island in
the 2010 was predicted and two experiments of representative virtual policies were conducted. This leads to the
conclusions that: (1) The virtual laboratory of land desertification control policies established on the basis of the cellular
automata techniques can effectively emulate, predict and visually express the spatial-temporal processes of land
desertification dominated by a number of policies; (2) In the coming 5-10 years, if the present land development patterns
and policies continue, land desertification in the western part of Hainan Island will tend to significantly expand, therefore
some policies and measures favorable to reverse desertification must be adopted.
Application of two hydrological models to Weihe River basin: a comparison of VIC-3L and SWAT
Hongchang Hu,
Genxu Wang,
Xuemei Bi,
et al.
Show abstract
Distributed hydrological models are widely used to simulate the runoff process and to evaluate the hydrologic effect of
various management scenarios, It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the
different models, few studies have compared the results of different models when applied to the same catchments. Two
hydrological models, Three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) and Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are
compared in their abilities to simulate runoff in Weihe River Basin in China over a six-year validation period.VIC-3L is
a macro-scale hydrologic model based on soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer scheme (SVATS), which is designed to
describe the land surface in numerical weather prediction and climate. SWAT model is a complex, conceptual,
hydrologic, semi-distributed model with spatially explicit parameterization; it is a continuous time model that operates
on a daily time step over long time periods.
Two simulated results clear show minimal differences between two models throughout the validation period, although
two models have some differences in structure and runoff mechanism. The runoff simulated by two models in spring and
winter is underestimated than observed stream flow. The simulated runoff in summer by SWAT is bigger than that by
VIC-3L, but is smaller in winter, the simulate runoff by VIC-3L is more flat than that by SWAT.
An important difference between model results is the ability to simulate the response of runoff to LUCC, SWAT is a
watershed based hydrological model, and it's more evident and accurate to study the response of runoff to LUCC than
VIC-3L. The simulated runoff under the land use type in 2000 decreases 6.41% than that in 1986. The runoff has
decreased by 15.18% in dry periods and shows an evidently decreasing tendency.
GIS Theory, Algorithm, and Application
An architecture for ontology-based geographic information semantic grid service
Show abstract
Grid computation and the Theory of Ontology provide opportunities for the integration and interoperation of Geographic
Information Systems (GIS). In this paper we integrate the two technologies into the field of GIS for the semantic
interoperability of the geographic information. First, we build geographic data ontology and geographic function
ontology to represent geographic data and geographic functions since we consider GIS as an organic system composed
of geographic data and kinds of functions related to space such as space query and space analysis and so on. Second, we
present how to wrap geographic data with geo-data ontology and how to describe the geographic function with geofunction
ontology. Third, we introduce an architecture which composed of Semantic Registration, Consumer Service
Center and Semantic Matchmaker for ontology-based geographic information semantic grid services. Finally, we analyze
future work need to do for geographic information semantic interoperability.
Mobile agent based online integration modeling for traffic information services
Show abstract
With the rapid development of urban economy and urbanization construction in China, traffic load rises sharply because
of the larger vehicle occupancy within many urban areas, which has already led to serious traffic congestion problem.
GIS-T is an efficient technological solution and core information infrastructure for solving modern urban transportation
problems. High-level traffic systems must integrate real-time traffic information and spatial data of road to supply timely
and efficient public services and guarantee a better orderly transportation. However, for traffic information is multisource,
complex and massive, traffic information service must have fast, powerful capabilities for online integration
processing. Online integration of traffic information emphasizes the traffic resources share and services optimization,
and solve assignment, scheduling, monitoring and feedback of integration computing tasks in dynamic and distributed
network. This paper firstly analyzes traffic data and existing problems of online integration, and then discusses mobile
agent technology, and finally proposes a mobile agent based unified online integration model of traffic information. This
model will achieve cooperative computing and more accessible, flexible and reliable traffic information services.
NDF: an effective mobile GIS physical storage model
Kai Li,
Ershun Zhong,
Guanfu Song,
et al.
Show abstract
Real-time mobile GIS applications, e.g. car navigation, need effective spatial data storage model fit for the mobile
compute environment. Therefore, Physical Storage Format (PSF) is an important technical bottleneck of some real-time
requirement such as map browsing, route planning, driver guidance, point of interesting (POI) search and 3D
visualization. This paper proposes a new storage model based on mobile navigation application, named as Navigation
Data Format (NDF). The NDF adopt multi-level model to organize spatial data (e.g. map of background) that has notable
effect to reduce the memory cost of map browsing. The road network data of NDF is built based upon hierarchical
topological structure which can support the speed-up way finding algorithm. The page frameworks of the NDF compared
with current PSF, have introduced some new features. Firstly, NDF has good adaptability to various kinds of mobile
computer environment. Secondly it provides facility for incremental update. Further, the NDF has been adopted as
candidate national standard of China.
Building web-based spatial information solution around open specifications and open source software: a case study of web-based demographic information system of Changzhou
Zhixin Jiang,
Manchun Li,
Bo Zhao,
et al.
Show abstract
The paper describes the development of the WebGIS, discuss and analyses WebGIS framework based on open
specifications and open source software, try to build Client-Server and Browser-Server hybrid web-based demographic
information prototype system of Changzhou based on open source software, which is low-cost, system components,
flexible on functional customization, simple to maintain and update, high performance, well interactive and integration.
SQL level global query resolving for web based GIS
Show abstract
This paper introduced a SQL level approach to resolve global spatial query in Web based heterogeneous distributed
spatial database environment. The main prohibit of this SQL level approach was its widespread compatibility and
standardization. Firstly, a SQL based Equivalent Distributed Program (EDP) was introduced to express distributed
spatial processing transactions. Then global resource directories for virtual global view describing were discussed to
organize information that resolving need. The contents of global resource directories included data storage directory,
hosts directory and working status directory. With these mechanisms, relational algebra expression equivalence
principles were utilized to resolve global spatial queries to EDPs. Finally, several samples were presented to show the
process of resolving. This approach was suitable to all sorts of distributed computing environments either centralized
such as CORBA or decentralized such as P2P computing platforms.
Monte Carlo ray tracing algorithm for rendering virtual geographical environment
Jingsong Ma,
Shoucheng Xu,
Guoqin Gu,
et al.
Show abstract
Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE) is increasingly important in current GIS area. A common trend in rendering
VGE is to request more realistic images of complex three-dimensional geo-spatial models. Monte Carlo ray tracing based
techniques are the only methods that can handle such complexity. Recent advances in algorithms and compute power has
made Monte Carlo ray tracing the natural choice for most problems. This paper discusses the fundamental theories of
Monte Carlo ray tracing method together with the implementation for applying Monte Carlo ray tracing to render VGEs,
especially dealing with the construction of 3D triangle mesh models that usually be used in architecture modeling. By
testing the performance of the algorithm, it is proved that Monte Carlo ray tracing method is suitable for VGE model
rendering process, expecting more realistic effects than the conventional 3D rendering.
P2P based efficient on-line spatial images delivery
Show abstract
Spatial image browse and retrieval in spatial information system are based on centralized server. The limitations are
obvious under a concurrent multi-users environment. P2P (Peer-to-Peer) approach takes full advantage of the resources
and bandwidth among clients distributed around network in order to offload the centralized server and improve
performance of delivery. This paper explores three key issues of forming a spatial image P2P network, the P2P network
topology, the organization and identifier of spatial image and a content locating method based on spatial grid index.
Then, we design an effective and reliable spatial image delivery system assisted by P2P networks. We have
comparatively evaluated our design through requesting an image from World Wind server and our P2P network formed
by World Wind clients, which shows a significant improvement of delivery speed.
DIY-style GIS service in mobile navigation system integrated with web and wireless GIS
Yongbin Yan,
Jianping Wu,
Caiyou Fan,
et al.
Show abstract
Mobile navigation system based on handheld device can not only provide basic GIS services, but also enable these GIS
services to be provided without location limit, to be more instantly interacted between users and devices. However, we
still see that most navigation systems have common defects on user experience like limited map format, few map
resources, and unable location share. To overcome the above defects, we propose DIY-style GIS service which provide
users a more free software environment and allow uses to customize their GIS services. These services include defining
geographical coordinate system of maps which helps to hugely enlarge the map source, editing vector feature, related
property information and hotlink images, customizing covered area of download map via General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS), and sharing users' location information via SMS (Short Message Service) which establishes the communication
between users who needs GIS services. The paper introduces the integration of web and wireless GIS service in a mobile
navigation system and presents an implementation sample of a DIY-Style GIS service in a mobile navigation system.
Using GeoRSS feeds to distribute house renting and selling information based on Google map
Yu Nong,
Kun Wang,
Lei Miao,
et al.
Show abstract
Geographically Encoded Objects RSS (GeoRSS) is a way to encode location in RSS feeds. RSS is a widely supported
format for syndication of news and weblogs, and is extendable to publish any sort of itemized data. When Weblogs
explode since RSS became new portals, Geo-tagged feed is necessary to show the location that story tells.
Geographically Encoded Objects adopts the core of RSS framework, making itself the map annotations specified in the
RSS XML format. The case studied illuminates that GeoRSS could be maximally concise in representation and
conception, so it's simple to manipulate generation and then mashup GeoRSS feeds with Google Map through API to
show the real estate information with other attribute in the information window. After subscribe to feeds of concerned
subjects, users could easily check for new bulletin showing on map through syndication. The primary design goal of
GeoRSS is to make spatial data creation as easy as regular Web content development. However, it does more for successfully bridging the gap between traditional GIS professionals and amateurs, Web map hackers, and numerous services that enable location-based content for its simplicity and effectiveness.
Integration agent-based models and GIS as a virtual urban dynamic laboratory
Peng Chen,
Miaolong Liu
Show abstract
Based on the Agent-based Model and spatial data model, a tight-coupling integrating method of GIS and
Agent-based Model (ABM) is to be discussed in this paper. The use of object-orientation for both spatial data and
spatial process models facilitates their integration, which can allow exploration and explanation of spatial-temporal
phenomena such as urban dynamic. In order to better understand how tight coupling might proceed and to evaluate
the possible functional and efficiency gains from such a tight coupling, the agent-based model and spatial data
model are discussed, and then the relationships affecting spatial data model and agent-based process models
interaction. After that, a realistic crowd flow simulation experiment is presented. Using some tools provided by
general GIS systems and a few specific programming languages, a new software system integrating GIS and MAS
as a virtual laboratory applicable for simulating pedestrian flows in a crowd activity centre has been developed
successfully. Under the environment supported by the software system, as an applicable case, a dynamic evolution
process of the pedestrian's flows (dispersed process for the spectators) in a crowds' activity center - The Shanghai
Stadium has been simulated successfully. At the end of the paper, some new research problems have been pointed out for the future.
Data penetration transmission in P2P
Shiping Zheng,
Xuezhi Feng
Show abstract
This paper analyzed the type of work principles of the NAT server, and by using UDP Hole Punching and port
speculation technology, a program was designed to penetrate the NAT server and direct communication among the
intranet users was achieved. This paper also evaluated the communications among users in various types of NAT servers,
and it showed a success rate of 95%. By analyzing the principles and setting rules of firewall, together with the
application of HTTP tunnel, the designed procedures have penetrated the firewall to visite the user without lowering the
security level of the system. The eventual establishment of communication modules facilitated the direct peer-to-peer
GIS data transmission.
Designing and implementing outdoor augmented reality system based on ARToolKit
Zongyi He,
Yongqi Liu,
Yong Chang,
et al.
Show abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlay of virtual computer graphics images on real world objects, and has many
potential applications in industrial operations and academic research. ARToolKit is a C and C++ language software
library that allows programmers develop Augmented Reality applications easily. Since the registration method of
ARToolKit is based on computer vision, ARToolKit is not suitable for outdoor environment. ARToolKit needs to be
improved for outdoor augmented reality. Source code of ARToolkit is improved in this paper. The registration method of
vision is kept down, and 3D Electronic compass+RTKGPS is added, so that the registration method of 3D can be carried
out not only indoor environment, but also outdoor environment. The paper discusses the framework of outdoor 3D
underground pipeline augmented reality system based on ARToolKit.
Study on architecture and implementation of adaptive spatial information service
Zhuoyuan Yu,
Yingjie Wang,
Bin Luo
Show abstract
More and more geo-spatial information has been disseminated to the Internet based on WebGIS architecture. Some of
these online mapping applications have already been widely used in recent years, such as Google map, MapQuest,
go2map, mapbar. However, due to the limitation of web map technology and transmit speed of large geo-spatial data
through the Internet, most of these web map systems employ (pyramid-indexed) raster map modeling technology. This
method can shorten server's response time but largely reduces the flexibility and visualization effect of the web map
provided. It will be difficult for them to adaptively change the map contents or map styles for variant user demands. This
paper propose a new system architecture for adaptive web map service by integrating latest network technology and web
map technology, such as SVG, Ajax, user modeling. Its main advantages include: Firstly, it is user customized. In this
proposed map system, user can design the map contents, styles and interfaces online by themselves; secondly, it is more
intelligent. It can record user interactive actions with the system, analyze user profiles, predict user behavior. User's
interests will be obtained and tasks will be suggested based on different user models, which are generated from the
system. For instance, if a new user login in, the nearest user model will be matched and some interactive suggestions will
be provided by the system for the user. It is a more powerful and efficient way for spatial information sharing.
This paper first discusses the main system architecture of adaptive spatial information service which consists of three
parts: user layer, map application layer and database layer. User layer is distributed on client side which includes Web
map (SVG) browser, map renderer and map visualization component. Application layer includes map application server,
user interface generation, user analysis and user modeling, etc. Based on user models, map content, style and user
interactive interface can be predicted and created to fit the user's interests. The database layer includes multi sources of
database, such as thematic spatial database, User Generated Content (UGC) database and others. Secondly, the detailed
technologies of main system components are discussed by the paper, such as user modeling, personal map generation,
etc. Thirdly, adaptive map example is designed and implemented to illustrate the feasibility of the technical solution.
Large-scale P2P network based distributed virtual geographic environment (DVGE)
Xicheng Tan,
Liang Yu,
Fuling Bian
Show abstract
Virtual Geographic Environment has raised full concern as a kind of software information system that helps us
understand and analyze the real geographic environment, and it has also expanded to application service system in
distributed environment--distributed virtual geographic environment system (DVGE), and gets some achievements.
However, limited by the factor of the mass data of VGE, the band width of network, as well as numerous requests and
economic, etc. DVGE still faces some challenges and problems which directly cause the current DVGE could not
provide the public with high-quality service under current network mode. The Rapid development of peer-to-peer
network technology has offered new ideas of solutions to the current challenges and problems of DVGE. Peer-to-peer
network technology is able to effectively release and search network resources so as to realize efficient share of
information. Accordingly, this paper brings forth a research subject on Large-scale peer-to-peer network extension of
DVGE as well as a deep study on network framework, routing mechanism, and DVGE data management on P2P network.
Using GeoRSS to syndicate the spatiotemporal information
Bo Zhao,
Manchun Li,
Zhixin Jiang
Show abstract
This paper describes a number of ways to encode spatiotemporal information in RSS feeds. As RSS becomes more and
more prevalent as a way to publish and share information, it becomes increasingly important that location and time is
described in an interoperable manner so that applications can request, aggregate, share and map spatiotemporally tagged
feeds. This paper describes the GeoRSS model and encodings. With every RSS item has a timestamp, GeoRSS can
represent time property for free. There are three GeoRSS encoding standards, such as W3C Geo, GeoRSS Simple, and
GeoRSS GML profile. These standards differ in the number of coordinate systems they can support, and in the number
of different geometric shapes they can add to the map to show where the news or event of interest is taking place.
Further more, this paper described how to add time attribute to GeoRSS and implement and visualization the GeoRSS
feeds through Google Map and Timeline. A few apt illustrations were given to show the powerful functions of GeoRSS
in syndicating the spatiotemporal information. GeoRSS leverages this teeming ecosystem for geospatial technology, and
with OGC support, GeoRSS is on firm conceptual ground and gains exposure across the industry.
Global grid systems for geospatial information: status and thinking
Jin Ben,
Xiaochong Tong,
Song Ji
Show abstract
After brief explanation of the origin of the grid, the author firstly points out the multi-resolution partition of geo-space,
which is the basic issue of the specialized spatial information grid, relates to the globe directly as the region of interest
expands. And the global grid system is an efficient way to solve problems on spheres. Secondly, the author introduces
achievements on geospatial information global grid systems which based on both traditional geographic coordinate
system and regular, multi-resolution partitions of polyhedra. At last, this author point out the problems that remains to be
studied in this field.
Constructing 3D GIS mine model and its visualization
Honghua Chen,
Haiyue Fu,
Feixue Li
Show abstract
Due to the complexity of geometry and topology in three dimensional (3D) spaces, complete description of true 3D
objects could not be displaced by traditional 2D GIS in geology, mine, etc. The paper adopts the method of wire frame to
construct 3D mine model, based on generalizing several theory and technique problems and thinking about the
irregularity of mine. The method is founded on triangular, so it could depict mine flexibly and could calculate the normal
vector of triangular constructed to approach the mine survey, which helps to generate illumination model. With the
application of OpenGL graphical library, we suggest using the visualization technology in order to produce 3D mine
model for geosciences analysis to simply the disposal of 3D model and increase the speed of visual.
A new methodology to mobile green spatial information service grid based on mobile agent
Show abstract
A new methodology of mobile green spatial information service is studied based on grid computing environment. Key
technologies are presented in the methodology, including grid computing, mobile agent (MA) distributed computing,
global positioning system (GPS), code division multiple access (CDMA), transfer control protocol/internet protocol
(TCP/IP), and user datagram protocol (UDP). In order to deal with the narrow bandwidth and instability of the wireless
internet, limited processing speed and low memory of mobile devices, a new mobile agent based mobile green spatial
information service grid model is further proposed that has good load balance, high processing efficiency, less network
communication and thus suitable for mobile green spatial information service. It can provide applications of green spatial
information grid computing and mobile service. The theories and technologies architecture of mobile green spatial
information service grid are built originally from the base, including green spatial information mobile agent model,
distributed green grid geographic information system (GIS) server model, mobile agent server model and mobile green
GIS client model. An application system for mobile green spatial information service grid is therefore developed
authorship by visual c++ and embedded visual c++. A field test is carried out through this system in Shanghai, and the
results show that the proposed model and methods are feasible and adaptable for mobile green spatial information service.
Spatial information multi-grid for service
Show abstract
Traditional GIS caused obstacles and inconveniences for sharing and services of global spatial information. In this paper,
spatial information multi-grid (SIMG) is presented to institute a uniformed, rigorous, and continuous national spatial
information infrastructure for national service. Firstly, its fundamental theories and key technologies are brief
introduced. Then, this paper discusses its theoretical framework, notional model, data structure and relative methods
designed for service. At last, a prototype system is cited to verify its feasibility and validity.
Embedded GIS based on the convergenced network
Show abstract
With the development of modern information technology, Telecommunication network, Computer network and TVBroadcast
network are converging rapidly. And the three networks form the base of the modern information industry.
Although this convergence is considered a support of all services, their convergence doesn't indicate that physical
networks will integrate completely. No one of these networks can take the place of others. In fact, this concept inclines to
the convergence of services and the infiltration of function among these three networks.
This paper give a deep analysis about the characteristic of GIS in this convergenced environment, and discuss the
difference compared with traditional WebGIS. Suppose iTV is the terminal service platform of the three networks' fusion,
this paper make a discussion about frame and modules of this kind of GIS. The key techology about iTV-GIS includes
embedded operation system, middleware and so on. Set-top box as the most important device to run iTV-GIS program
has its particularity. A development phase in virtual mechine before hardware importing is necessary. Then a antetype
design of iTV-GIS is given as an example at the end of this paper. This research is just a beginning for developmeing
GIS on the platform of the three networks' convergence. The subjects mentoined in this paper is just one implement on
iTV virual platform, but wish such attempt will bring GIS to a new circumstance, and supply some material for the
research later.
Research on the middleware of grid GIS: distributed cooperative computing GIS software and its key technologies
Yumei Sun,
Yu Fang,
Bin Chen,
et al.
Show abstract
This paper introduces the concept of grid computing and its characteristics. Basing on analyzing the characteristics of
grid computing, we apply grid computing to GIS field to construct grid GIS, which is the application of grid computing
on geographic information system with grid computing as the basic running environment. According to the architecture
of grid and integrating the characteristics of GIS, we design the architecture of grid GIS, which has three layers. They are
grid GIS resource layer, grid GIS middleware layer and grid GIS application layer. Among them, the grid GIS
middleware layer is the most important. Then this paper expatiates on our research on grid GIS middleware, which is
about the design and development of distributed cooperative computing GIS software. The key technologies of the
distributed cooperative computing GIS software are discussed, which include technology of global spatial resource
management, spatial data computing task allocation and management, system consistency mechanism and system
security mechanism. The implementation process is also presented. At last, this paper presents the further researches of
the distributed cooperative computing GIS software.
Application based on ArcObject inquiry and Google maps demonstration to real estate database
JinTsong Hwang
Show abstract
Real estate industry in Taiwan has been flourishing in recent years. To acquire various and abundant information of real
estate for sale is the same goal for the consumers and the brokerages. Therefore, before looking at the property, it is
important to get all pertinent information possible. Not only this beneficial for the real estate agent as they can provide
the sellers with the most information, thereby solidifying the interest of the buyer, but may also save time and the cost of
manpower were something out of place. Most of the brokerage sites are aware of utilizes Internet as form of media for
publicity however; the contents are limited to specific property itself and the functions of query are mostly just provided
searching by condition. This paper proposes a query interface on website which gives function of zone query by spatial
analysis for non-GIS users, developing a user-friendly interface with ArcObject in VB6, and query by condition. The
inquiry results can show on the web page which is embedded functions of Google Maps and the UrMap API on it. In
addition, the demonstration of inquiry results will give the multimedia present way which includes hyperlink to Google
Earth with surrounding of the property, the Virtual Reality scene of house, panorama of interior of building and so on.
Therefore, the website provides extra spatial solution for query and demonstration abundant information of real estate in
two-dimensional and three-dimensional types of view.
Web-GIS based information management system to Bureau of Law Enforcement for Urban Management
Show abstract
Daily works of Law Enforcement Bureau are crucial in the urban management. However, with the development of the
city, the information and data which are relative to Law Enforcement Bureau's daily work are increasing and updating.
The increasing data result in that some traditional work is limited and inefficient in daily work. Analyzing the demands
and obstacles of Law Enforcement Bureau, the paper proposes a new method to solve these problems. A web-GIS based
information management system was produced for Bureau of Law Enforcement for Urban Management of Foshan. First
part of the paper provides an overview of the system. Second part introduces the architecture of system and data
organization. In the third part, the paper describes the design and implement of functional modules detailedly. In the end,
this paper is concluded and proposes some strategic recommendations for the further development of the system.
This paper focuses on the architecture and implementation of the system, solves the developing issues based on
ArcServer, and introduces a new concept to the local government to solve the current problems. Practical application of
this system showed that it played very important role in the Law Enforcement Bureau's work.
Research on ecological function zoning information system based on WebGIS
Jianxiong Zhang,
Gang Zhang
Show abstract
With the development of information technology, application of WebGIS will make it possible to realize digitization and
intellectualization in issuing and managing information of ecological function zoning. Firstly, this paper introduces the
fundamental principles, basic methods and current situation of development and various support techniques about
WebGIS. Secondly, the paper not only compares and analyzes the above methods but also discusses their applied
prospect and feasibility in Web management. Finally, exemplified by Jiaozuo City, the paper puts forward an idea of
design and a project of realization about the information system.
In this research, the digital map and establishment of map database have been finished by MapInfo. Combining with
some technical data of ecological environment of Jiaozuo City, the information of ecological environment resources is
collected, stored, analyzed, calculated and displayed in the form of pictures and graphs on the WebGIS platform, which
makes use of secondary development flat-MapXtreme for Java and some tools such as Java, JSP and JavaScript. Serve
mode is adopted in the system which has realized the operating, inquiring of basic map and working out thematic map.
By the finished system, it brings some references.
Research on three-dimensional visualization based on virtual reality and Internet
Show abstract
To disclose and display water information, a three-dimensional visualization system based on Virtual Reality (VR)
and Internet is researched for demonstrating "digital water conservancy" application and also for routine
management of reservoir. To explore and mine in-depth information, after completion of modeling high resolution
DEM with reliable quality, topographical analysis, visibility analysis and reservoir volume computation are studied.
And also, some parameters including slope, water level and NDVI are selected to classify easy-landslide zone in
water-level-fluctuating zone of reservoir area. To establish virtual reservoir scene, two kinds of methods are used
respectively for experiencing immersion, interaction and imagination (3I). First virtual scene contains more detailed
textures to increase reality on graphical workstation with virtual reality engine Open Scene Graph (OSG). Second
virtual scene is for internet users with fewer details for assuring fluent speed.
Application of virtual reality GIS in urban planning: an example in Huangdao district
Yong Han,
Xin Qiao,
Weichen Sun,
et al.
Show abstract
As an important development direction of GIS, Virtual Reality GIS was founded in 1950s. After 1990s, due to the fast development of its theory and the computer technology, Virtual Reality has been applied to many fields: military, aerospace, design, manufactory, information management, business, construction, city management, medical, education, etc.. The most famous project is the Virtual Los Angeles implemented by the Urban Simulation Team (UST) of UCLA. The main focus of the UST is a long-term effort to build a real-time Virtual Reality model of the entire Los Angeles basin for use by architects, urban planners, emergency response teams, and the government entities. When completed, the entire Virtual L.A. model will cover an area well in excess of 10000 square miles and will elegantly scale from satellite images to street level views accurate enough to allow the signs in the window of the shops and the graffiti on the walls to be legible. Till now, the virtual L.A. has been applied to urban environments and design analysis, transportation studies, historic reconstruction and education, etc.
Compared to the early development abroad, the development of Virtual Reality GIS in China is relatively late. It is researched in some universities in early years. But recently, it has been attended by the populace and been used in many social fields: urban planning, environmental protection, historic protection and recovery, real estate, tourism, education etc.. The application of Virtual Reality in urban planning of Huangdao District, Qingdao City is introduced in this paper.
WebGIS application based on real-time traffic flow network analysis
Show abstract
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a valid utility to solve the problem of heavy traffic and ensuring safety of
traffic and transportation, especially in large city, e.g. Beijing. A WebGIS system functioning to provide real-time road
condition information was developed in this paper. In order to ensure the logic and reliability of data management, a
uniform GeoDatabase space database was established based on these three factors as below: the difference of travel
volume in different time and road, real time dynamic updating traffic database, and the traffic space dataset in Beijing. In
this GeoDatabase the right connectivity of multi-layer data was investigated. In the shortest road search routine, some
parameters, such as traffic flow and the length of cond path, which may be concerned by many users, were used as
weights to determinate an optimal road. The dynamic updating data could be stored in the database in the format of
GeoDatabase, the quantitive research to determine the optimal weight coefficient of travel carrying capacity could be
available through proper traffic model and real time dynamic updating data. Besides, the final traffic model would be
formed considering the length of optimal path. This intelligent transportation WebGIS inquiry system is developed on
base of Visual Studio.NET and Arcgis Server platform. The system would publish data through Web server and supply
clients with the service to inquire the real time optimal travel path in Beijing.
The application of speech technology in mobile GIS
Ling Zhang,
Yi Long,
Chengyang Qian,
et al.
Show abstract
How to apply natural language and speech technology is one of the important contents that increase the intelligent degree
of mobile GIS and improve its serving system. From system structure and application demand of mobile GIS, this paper
basically explained the application objective and key techniques of speech and natural language in mobile GIS, discussed
the multi application modes of speech and natural language that includes the centralized mode and the distributed mode,
the perfect natural language mode, the human-computer conversation mode and the mixed mode among them, the
speaker-dependent mode and the speaker- independent mode. Finally some primary application methods, about how to adopt these speech application modes in mobile GIS, were synoptically analyzed.
The applications of geo-referenced data visualization technologies for GIS
Jie Liu,
Jiechen Wang,
Yuji Zhou
Show abstract
Geo-referenced data visualization is one of the most important components of geographic information systems. Over the
past several years, geospatial data are growing much more in size and complexity than ever before, and researchers are
engaged in doing a lot of works to visualize these diverse geospatial data by taking advantage of computer graphics
which helps to convey information and amplify cognition and makes possible for more powerful participating
exploration and discovery experience. This paper will discuss the related works on visualization for GIS. The first
chapter of this paper is an introduction which will present an overview. In the second chapter, we will talk about the
geo-virtual environment which closely related to the virtual reality concept. We will focus on representation of urban
models, terrain rendering algorithms, and the problems we currently face. For the third part, we will talk about two
young but promising fields, which are scientific visualization and information visualization. The brief history and the
research issues of these two disciplines will be the main topic. Finally, we will make a outlook on the future works about
human-computer interaction, and hardware acceleration.
Construction of urban land demand model base system based on web services
Kang Huang,
Manchun Li,
Zhonghua Gao,
et al.
Show abstract
This paper explores a series of methods and models of urban land demand forecast, and these methods and models were
dived into the urban land quantitative forecast and urban land pattern forecast two types. In this instance, we designed a
model base system framework, including the following steps: data processing, forecasting, forecast type select, forecast
way select, model checking and multi-schema evaluation, results output. On the basis of the basic flow, object-oriented
analysis technique was adopted for the developments of prediction models and prediction flow, and then a model base
system with discreteness characteristic were produced, which was extendable and reusable. Finally, based on Web
Service technique, we designed urban land demand model base system framework, which provides an integration
scheme for the GIS service and application services.
GIS web service interaction model based on REST
Show abstract
Over the past decade, GIS technologies have evolved from the traditional model of stand-alone systems to an
increasingly distributed model based on independently provided, specialized, interoperable GIS Web services. But
traditional GIS Web services adopt RPC-based interaction model, this model is not appropriate for the scalability of the
GIS, thus restricts universal application and further development of GIS Web services. REST is an approach for getting
information content from a Web site by reading a designated Web page that contains an XML file that describes and
includes the desired content. REST ignores the details of component implementation and protocol syntax in order to
focus on the roles of components, the constraints upon their interaction with other components, and their interpretation of
significant data elements. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and the defects of the traditional interaction model
and the comparison between the traditional model and REST-based interaction model, this paper discusses a
development direction of GIS Web services interaction model.
A new VideoGIS: integration of WebGIS with streaming media technology based on Internet
Jun Wang
Show abstract
A VideoGIS system aims at integrating WebGIS with streaming media technologies to provide a more comprehensive
understanding about a spatial location. Video data is delay-sensitive. Streaming media technology is able to satisfy high
quality of the multimedia video transmission demands. An Internet-based VideoGIS system can provide not only
traditional map service, but also location-based streaming media service.
This paper describes a novel Internet-based VideoGIS model constituted with map and streaming servers. Map Server
provides map and data services such as map display and query. Streaming media server can provide location-based video
living services and video on demand services such as video information capture, coding, transmission, publication and
rendering. They are integrated into Web server which handles requests, responses from the user end and sends back data
results including geographic information and real-time video streaming on the spatial location of interest.
A Jini-based dynamic service WebGIS model
Show abstract
The development of current GIS technology has evolved from single platform GIS system into WebGIS. However,
The Geographic Information Services (GIServices) provision and application manner cannot meet the requirement
of pervasive computing environment. Jini/JAVA technique, a dynamic distributed architecture for providing
spontaneous network of services, might be a tool/solution to improve the GIService performance of current
WebGIS. This paper studies and analyses Jini infrastructure and its dynamic service mechanism, designs a new
WebGIS architecture with Jini-based dynamic service model. The experiment shows that Jini technique can be
integrated into WebGIS and to realize the dynamic services organization and management.
Information system building of the urban electromagnetic environment
Show abstract
The pollution of urban electromagnetic radiation has become more serious, however, there is still lack of a perfect and
interactive User System to manage, analyze and issue the information. In this study, taking the electromagnetic
environment of Nanjing as an example, an information system based on WebGIS with the techniques of ArcIMS and JSP
has been developed, in order to provide the services and technique supports for information query of public and decision
making of relevant departments.
Research on integration of web electronic map and 3D virtual scene in network environment
Qi Wang,
Jia Yang,
Guizhou Zheng,
et al.
Show abstract
This paper is mainly talking about 2D electronic map and 3D virtual scene. It points out the bottlenecks of the network
data transmission in the integration process of 2D electronic map and 3D virtual scene in the network environment.
Especially,it puts emphasis on the solutions of network transmission bottlenecks and the model data simplification such
as multi-level storage of spatial data, network data stream compression, organic combination of vector data and raster
data, texture modeling and the prototype modelbase etc. The integration architecture of 2D electronic map and 3D virtual
scene is based on the 3D common modeling of the spatial data. In addition, the paper, from the point of view based on a
system, discusses the communication method of each module after integration in network environment. Finally, it lays
out prospects of 2D electronic map and 3D virtual scene integration.
Spatial Decision Support System and Government GIS
GIS-based integrated assessment and decision support system for land use planning in consideration of carbon sequestration benefits
Jun Wang,
J. M. Chen,
Manchun Li,
et al.
Show abstract
As the major eligible land use activities in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), afforestation and reforestation
offer opportunities and potential economic benefits for developing countries to participate in carbon-trade in the potential
international carbon (C) sink markets. However, the design and selection of appropriate afforestation and reforestation
locations in CDM are complex processes which need integrated assessment (IA) of C sequestration (CS) potential,
environmental effects, and socio-economic impacts. This paper promotes the consideration of CS benefits in local land
use planning and presents a GIS-based integrated assessment and spatial decision support system (IA-SDSS) to support
decision-making on 'where' and 'how' to afforest. It integrates an Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Model
(InTEC) and a GIS platform for modeling regional long-term CS potential and assessment of geo-referenced land use
criteria including CS consequence, and produces ranking of plantation schemes with different tree species using the
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Three land use scenarios are investigated: (i) traditional land use planning
criteria without C benefits, (ii) land use for CS with low C price, and (iii) land use for CS with high price. Different
scenarios and consequences will influence the weights of tree-species selection in the AHP decision process.
Spatial distribution analysis of residential living space features in Shanghai based on spatial accessibility calculations: a method study
Y. Qi,
J. G. Xu,
G. R. Zhang,
et al.
Show abstract
The paper describes a method to analysis features of residential living space which is defined by spatial accessibility
rather than spatial distance. The method uses cost distance analyst in GIS to drive the accessibility calculations. By using
a cost map which reflects traffic conditions and physical environmental conditions such as water fields and roads, a cost
distance map is generated for each residential land block which acts as a source. The cost distance maps are reclassified
into several classes where we use 5min, 15min and 30min as time cost margins. Statistics of land use status in different
classes of areas for each residential land block are made and analyzed. By clustering with the statistic results and GIS
visualization, spatial distribution patterns of residential living space have been found. Comparing to spatial distances,
spatial accessibilities need more computation power but the improvements are significant. Not only sizes of accessibility
scopes have their spatial distribution patterns, but the amount of primary land types in the scopes has a relationship with
certain properties of the very land block. By using land use data of Shanghai, China, the effectiveness of the method is
tested and confirmed.
Design and implementation on information construction of county level land and resources departments
Wu Liu,
Dian Sun
Show abstract
This paper made analysis on status and development of land and resources management information system construction,
then made out the necessary of county level land and resources management information construction. It focused on the
methods and frame of system construction and the essential technology. The conclusion of this paper is that to establish a
uniform system construction platform and data standard will help the information construction of county level land and
resources departments develop well.
Research on optimum location of urban land based on CA
Guoping Wu,
Chonghui Song,
Bo Wei,
et al.
Show abstract
The Optimum location of urban land is considered as an important issue of urban land intensive use. How to establish a
technology road to realize this spatial location, objectively and quantitatively, has been the focus of current studies on
urban land intensive use. During the summary of related studies at home and abroad, we try to establish the theory,
methodology and quantitative technology of land intensive and optimum location. We hope to offer guidance to
administrators from department of land management or urban planning for a land intensive use scheme which makes all
goal optimum. The successful application of methodology and theory was developed in this study to Wuzhong.
Research on designing ontologies for location-based services
Gang Cheng,
Qingyun Du,
Zhongliang Cai,
et al.
Show abstract
With the far and wide applications of Location-Based Services (LBS), the call for more semantic and accurate services is
emerging. From a semantic viewpoint, the major characteristic of, and challenge for, LBS is the fact that they serve as
mediator between a possibly unknown user and possibly a priori unknown services. While some geographic information
technology standards provide the basis for syntactic interoperability, they do not yet provide methods for dealing with
problems of semantic heterogeneity. In this paper we design ontologies for LBS which are used for the identification and
association of semantically corresponding concepts to overcome the semantic problems. In order to better understand the
semantic content of the data in LBS, we analyze several elements both data and services involved. Then, we model these
data and services in a way that captures their peculiarities and allows their sharing between users and services and
exchange among different LBS, when desired. For this, we use the Protégé-OWL plug-in for creating hybrid hierarchy of
ontologies to enhance the semantic content both the user information and the services have. To argue about the design
choices and show their applicability, we present a simple example from a characteristic real world application.
A cooperated P2P GIS for loose coupled governmental application
Show abstract
Current governmental applications are of large scale and always compute-intensive and data-intensive, and we focus on
introducing P2P computing to facilitate loose coupled governmental applications in this paper. As GIS data is always
deposited in locationally distributed nodes, which are probably administrated under spatial databases, the global range is
divided into regions to eliminate complicated consistency maintenance and unnecessary message exchanging, and
hierarchical spatial indexes are designed for efficient locating spatial resources and low control cost. When executing, a
user submitted global spatial query are firstly parsed to sequential subtasks refer to distributed spatial index, and then
dynamically passed to appropriate nodes and cooperatively accomplished. Nodes intercommunicate by cooperating
messages, which are sent directly to the destination. Besides collaboration process of sequential execution, a dynamic
alternative participant approach for failure handling of the sequential execution is provided, which saves the expensive
rollback or abort. And this paper also designed and implemented a p2p based loose governmental application prototype,
in which nodes intercommunicate via p2p network sub layer, also a user interface is implemented to manage the request
from user and eventually reply a result.
Defining a certain range of land consolidation with support of GIS and visualization technology
Mingchao Jia,
Manchun Li,
Haiyue Fu,
et al.
Show abstract
In this study, we took the cultivated land of Shaoshan county in hilly area of south China as the study area, researched on
defining a certain range of land consolidation with support of Geographic Information System (GIS) and visualization
technology. It was carried out by four steps. First, we distinctly established the database of land use, terrain and Remote
Sensing (RS) image. Second, we extracted the cultivated land data from the land use database, overlaid and analyzed it
with the slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the buffer of water source, the buffer of rural
residential land. Third, we defined the principles of land consolidation, under these principle we defined the location and
area of the certain range of land consolidation. At last, we eliminated the plots that were too small or separate to
consolidate to high quality cultivated land. The results provided us reasonable basis for the land consolidation of hilly
area of south China.
The social problems and strategies of the government GIS in China
Nan Chen,
Zhongliang Fu
Show abstract
GIS has wider and wider applications. The application in the field of administrative management and assistant
decision-making have formed a specific research area--the government GIS. As an information industry with great
sociality, GIS and its development are influenced by many technical factors and social factors. As for the government
GIS in China, the social factors often play a more important role in it. A description of the current development status of
the government GIS, both in China and abroad, was made in this paper. After the description, researchers pointed out the
deficiency of Chinese government GIS. On the basis of this, the rational suggestion of government GIS in China were
put forward at last.
Scenario planning based on geomatics: a case study in Zijin mountain national forest park
Mingyang Li,
Yanjie He,
Guangcai Xu,
et al.
Show abstract
With the rapid development of forest tourism, it is crucial to coordinate the conflicting goals of a forest park by making a
scientific plan. It is difficult to determine the complex relationship by means of traditional laboratory and field
experiments on the scale of landscape. Zijin Mountain national forest park is taken as a case study area, while RS and
GIS software ERDAS 8.7, ArcGis 9.0 are chosen as the spatial platforms of doing scenario planning. Three different
periods remote sensing data in the years of 2000 (IKNOS), 2002(SPOT5), 2004 ( QuickBird ) are gathered, then
supervised classification, neighborhood analysis are being done before three scenarios of national park in ten years are
built based on Cellular Automation Model (CAM). Three spatial pattern index of mean patch area, shape index, patch
density of each scenario are calculated by using the spatial pattern analysis program of Fragstats 3.3. After comparison of
the three scenarios from two aspects of landscape spatial pattern and protection goals, an optimized planning is made and
compared with the land classes in 2002. In the end of the paper, some problems concerned with the scenario making are
discussed.
The discussion of crucial techniques in the emergency solution of special equipment security systems
Zhao Li,
Renyi Liu,
Nan Liu
Show abstract
This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the supervision of special equipment security. The emergency
solution of special equipment security system aims to integrate the emergency response department, such as police
security, fire control, first aid, and traffic police and so on, to conduct the disaster rescue jointly under the command of
the government departments. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Center launched a GIS based system
that manages the special equipment security. It designs the database, software and hardware structure, and functional
module of the emergency solution of special equipment security based on WebGIS and GPS techniques. This paper
analyzes three key issues of this system is explosion model, security patrol vehicles and special vehicles GPS positioning
and special equipment monitoring. This system uses the information sharing technology based on Web Service.
Transplanting GIS to Internet, designs special equipment spatial data WebGIS web site. B/S architecture is used in the
system, and the software SuperMap IS Java of SuperMap Company is used as the GIS server for the spatial data
publishing. This system also contains a PDA platform that provide for fieldwork.
Study on informatization framework of urban pipelines
Ran Tian,
Qiang Zhu,
Wenjun Zhong,
et al.
Show abstract
Hundreds of cities have built comprehensive pipeline information system. However it is very difficult to guarantee data
update and many demanders are difficult to access these databases. A new pipeline informatization framework is put
forward to solve these problems.
Application of real-time cooperative editing in urban planning management system
Changfeng Jing,
Renyi Liu,
Nan Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
With the increasing of business requirement of urban planning bureau, co-edit function is needed urgently, however
conventional GIS are not support this. In order to overcome this limitation, a new kind urban 1planning management
system with co-edit function is needed. Such a system called PM2006 has been used in Suzhou Urban Planning Bureau.
PM2006 is introduced in this paper. In this paper, four main issues of Co-edit system--consistency, responsiveness time,
data recoverability and unconstrained operation--were discussed. And for these four questions, resolutions were put
forward in paper. To resolve these problems of co-edit GIS system, a data model called FGDB (File and ESRI
GeoDatabase) that is mixture architecture of File and ESRI Geodatabase was introduced here. The main components of
FGDB data model are ESRI versioned Geodatabase and replicated architecture. With FGDB, client responsiveness,
spatial data recoverability and unconstrained operation were overcome. In last of paper, MapServer, the co-edit map
server module, is presented. Main functions of MapServer are operation serialization and spatial data replication between
file and versioned data.
The spatial decision-supporting system combination of RBR & CBR based on artificial neural network and association rules
Yangge Tian,
Fuling Bian
Show abstract
The technology of artificial intelligence should be imported on the basis of the geographic information system to bring
up the spatial decision-supporting system (SDSS). The paper discusses the structure of SDSS, after comparing the
characteristics of RBR and CBR, the paper brings up the frame of a spatial decisional system that combines RBR and
CBR, which has combined the advantages of them both. And the paper discusses the CBR in agriculture spatial
decisions, the application of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) in CBR, and enriching the inference rule base based on
association rules, etc. And the paper tests and verifies the design of this system with the examples of the evaluation of
the crops' adaptability.
Distributed decision-support GIS application based on web-service
Liang Yu,
Xicheng Tan,
Jing Huang
Show abstract
As web-GIS is more and more widely used in DSS system, more emphases are put on the information sharing and
interaction between distributed applications. This paper suggests a CSCW structure based on SOA to provide decision
support in distributed environment. This technique focuses on data sharing, knowledge sharing, knowledge storing, and
knowledge based decision support service. As illustrated in the last chapter, it works effectively and stably, forming a
cooperative model for DSS in distributed environment.
Architecture design of the national plant treasure management information system based on GIS: a case study of Gugong Date Garden in Hebei province
Shaoling Shen,
Renjie Li,
Dongdong Shen,
et al.
Show abstract
"Gugong Date Garden", lies in Juguan Village, Qijiawu County, Huanghua City, China. It is the largest forest of winter
date in this world, which is the longest in history, largest in area and best in quality and it is also included in the first
group of national main protected units of botanic cultural relics. However, it is lacking of uniform management platform
and modes. According to the specific characteristics of botanic cultural relics preservation, the author sets up the "Plant
Treasure Management Information System" for "Gugong Date Garden", based on the Geographic information system
(GIS), Internet, database and virtual reality technologies, along with the idea of modern customer management systems.
This system is designed for five types of users, named system administrators, cultural relic supervisors, researchers,
farmers and tourists, with the aim of realizing integrated managements of ancient trees' protection, scientific researches,
tourism and explorations altogether, so as to make better management, protection, and utilizations.
An overview of the methods of GIS-based land-use suitability analysis
Jing Yang,
Yongxue Liu,
Songhui Wang
Show abstract
The land-use suitability mapping and analysis is one of the most useful applications of GIS for planning and
management. There are four objectives of this paper: (a) to present a historical overview of methods and techniques of
GIS-based land-use suitability analysis, (b) to overview multi-criteria synthetically overlay land-use evaluation models,
(c) to discuss GIS-based land-use evaluation system, (d) to identify the trends, challenges and prospects of GIS-based
land-use suitability analysis. There are two focused perspectives of GIS-based land-use suitability analysis in the paper,
the techno-positivist perspective and the socio-political, public participation perspectives. It is organized into six
chapters. Chapter 1 defines land-use suitability analysis, and provides an introduction to GIS-based land-use suitability
analysis along with a historical perspective. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the development of methods and techniques
of GIS-based land-use suitability analysis. The multi-criteria synthetically overlay land-use analysis models is discussed
in chapter 3. Chapter 4 offers GIS-based land-use evaluation system. Chapter 5 introduces expert systems for GIS-based
land-use suitability evaluation. The concluding chapter summarizes the main points of the papers and discusses problems
and prospects from GIS-based land-use suitability analysis. Along with the in-depth development of land research and
the constant advancement of GIS technology, GIS-based land-use suitability analysis will toward greater depth.
Research on comprehensive evaluation to land consolidation supported by GIS: a case study of Shaoshan city in Hunan province
Songhui Wang,
Manchun Li,
Mo Su
Show abstract
The quantitative evaluation of economic feasibility and eco-environmental impact of land consolidation can't be
achieved by the conventional evaluation methods which lack of a comprehensive consideration of regional diversity.
With the help of spatial analysis and data management, which are the fundamental functions of GIS, this paper provides
a new method to perform the quantitative evaluation of the implementation conditions, the expected economic returns
and the eco-environmental impact of land consolidation, and to establish a new evaluation system for the interrelation
among the three of them in Shashan city, Hunan province. The economic feasibility and eco-environmental impact of
each evaluation unit are comprehensively considered. The results of the evaluation can provide information for the
site-choosing, the investment estimate, the benefit evaluation and the project management of land consolidation. The
results of the evaluation can also provide useful advices for the design and the implementation of land consolidation.
Study on disparity of regional economic development based on geoinformatic Tupu and GWR model: a case of growth of GDP per capita in China from 1999 to 2003
Feixue Li,
Manchun Li,
Jian Liang
Show abstract
Regional disparity of economic development in China is always greatly concerned by investigators domestic and abroad,
and sets of models have been used in the analysis. Spatial dependence, which is hidden in the data with spatial attributes,
usually is not taken into account in classical statistics methods, such as ordinary linear regression(OLR) model. Along
with the development of spatial statistics, more and more attentions are paid on spatial interactions between observations
in the study of regional disparity. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a simple but effective model to
recognize spatial variation and local difference, which considers the influence of the spatially non-stationarity of the
variables. In this study, GWR model and Geo-Informatic Tupu were used to analyze the disparity of regional economic
development in China, taking GDP per capita in 1999 and 2003 as a case, which is usually used to measure level of
economic development. GDP per capita in the 338 cities in 1999 were selected to simulate GDP per capita in 2003 and
to analysis non-stationarity of the growth of GDP per capita. Using Geo-Informatic Tupu, A series of maps were
processed to display patterns of local parameter estimates, such as local r-squares, the residual sum of squares, local
residual and so on, to gain a better understanding of the degree of spatial non-stationarity in a relationship over space.
We tested for geographic heterogeneity in the parameters and compare them to estimates obtained from global regression
approaches. The results suggested there was heterogeneity in the regression coefficients across broad regions of China,
and a one-size fits all approach to describe growth processes appeared simplistic. The GWR model improved over the
OLR model, and it was able to better explain the variation in the data and to simulate GDP per capita with smaller errors
than the OLR models.
Testing the spatial distribution of economic activity in Jiangsu province by means of spatial association methods
Ying Ge,
Weina Wang,
Shuhui Zhang,
et al.
Show abstract
The new economic geography theory suggests that regional development is strongly dependent on market access. Due to
a snowball effect, spatial clusters of employment and firms might induce regional income increases. In order to identify
explicit patterns of regional development, this study makes the empirical attempts by applying spatial association
methods for estimating and distinguishing various spatial patterns of economic activities for three county-level factors,
namely income, employment and firms of Jiangsu in 2004. The conclusions in this study reveal that on the whole, there
is significant, positive correlation of income, employment and firms between regions over the whole space in that year.
Moreover, regional income can be to a large extent explained by the market potentials of its neighbors. Apart from
market access, regional incomes might be affected by other factors such as local amenities or technology spillover. Also,
highly agglomerated clusters of employment and firms give rise to high regional incomes. Strong spatial heterogeneity of
employment and firms indicates that firms locate first, anticipating the subsequent consumers' locations and demand
functions. Thus, the mobility of firms and employment can induce the highly agglomeration of income.
Land reclamation information system of mining area based on GIS
Quiji Chen,
Zhenqi Hu,
Chuanghua Liu,
et al.
Show abstract
Land reclamation of mining area is an interdisciplinary. The data to be dealt with involves the fields of mining, geology,
geography, soil, agriculture and forest, biology, society, economy, etc, with the characteristic of plenty of data and
complicated relationship. The traditional data processing cannot meet the demand of land reclamation. The research is
based on the result of prevenient scholars to further study the application of GIS. In the paper, the connotation and
functions of Land reclamation system is mainly explained, and data organizing pattern is systematically analyzed based
on MapX and Oracle Spatial, then a new method based on GIS and CA is putting forward to simulate the distribution of
digging area and filling area on the condition of the earthwork balance, finally a reclamation land use mode of rational
proportion and layout is set up based on analyzing methods of GIS and the optimizing method of GA. The research can
provide a useful tool for land reclamation management and decision-making.
Application of GIS in foreign direct investment decision support system
Jianlan Zhou,
Koumei Sun
Show abstract
It is important to make decisions on how to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to China and know how the inequality
of FDI introduction by locational different provinces. Following background descriptions on China's FDI economic
environments and FDI-related policies, this paper demonstrates the uses of geographical information system (GIS) and
multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) framework in solving a spatial multi-objective problem of evaluating and
ranking China's provinces for FDI introduction. It implements a foreign direct investment decision support system,
which reveals the main determinants of FDI in China and gives some results of regional geographical analysis over
spatial data.
Application GIS on university planning: building a spatial database aided spatial decision
Lei Miao,
Xiaofang Wu,
Kun Wang,
et al.
Show abstract
With the development of university and its size enlarging, kinds of resource need to effective management urgently.
Spacial database is the right tool to assist administrator's spatial decision. And it's ready for digital campus with
integrating existing OMS. It's researched about the campus planning in detail firstly. Following instanced by south china
agriculture university it is practiced that how to build the geographic database of the campus building and house for
university administrator's spatial decision.
Design and realization of spatial information service system for government administration of natural disaster
Show abstract
The government of nearly every country have responsibility for administering the affairs of preventing and reducing the
natural disasters. The geospatial character and positional connection of natural disasters information makes the
geospatial information and GIS technology play a key role in government affairs increasingly. Based on project
implementation and study of developing science and technology concerning reducing and preventing disasters in China,
the paper is mainly on the comprehensive study of requirements analysis,construction pattern, primary assignments,
main functions, important application and methods of Spatial Information Service System for Government
Administration of Natural Disaster.
A design of strategic alliance based on value chain of surveying and mapping enterprises in China
Hong Duan,
Xianfeng Huang
Show abstract
In this paper, we use value chain and strategic alliance theories to analyzing the surveying and mapping Industry and
enterprises. The value chain of surveying and mapping enterprises is highly-contacted but split by administrative
interference, the enterprises are common small scale. According to the above things, we consider that establishing a nonequity-
Holding strategic alliance based on value chain is an available way, it can not only let the enterprises share the
superior resources in different sectors of the whole value chain each other but avoid offending the interests of related
administrative departments, by this way, the surveying and mapping enterprises gain development respectively and
totally. Then, we give the method to building up the strategic alliance model through parting the value chain and the
using advantage of companies in different value chain sectors. Finally, we analyze the internal rule of strategic alliance
and prove it is a suitable way to realize the development of surveying and mapping enterprises through game theory.
Research on the model of land resource optimal allocation based on land use niche
Yan Yu,
Jianhua He
Show abstract
Niche is proposed as the quantitative indicator of land resource optimal allocation, and the land use niches are designed
including natural niche, social niche, economic niche and synthesis niche, meanwhile the methods of quantitative survey
are worked out. The model of land resource optimal allocation model is constructed based on the land use niches. Then a
case study is implemented by taken Huangpi district Wuhan city as the test region, where the procedure of land resource
optimal allocation is discussed, which results demonstrate the validity of the model.
Investigation on the development of three-dimensional city models in decision making in urban design
Xiangbai Zhang,
Daisy Le Cao
Show abstract
Nowadays, urban system has increasingly become more complex in spatial context with impressive distributed features.
Urban design highlights the challenge encountered in delivering context sensitive solutions in aspects of planning and
development process in dense environment. Since traditional techniques in Geographic Information System only allow
participants to scheme with sketches, such three-dimensional or even four-dimensional urban space would be rarely
improved on the two-dimensional medium. The high-resolution three-dimensional city models have been emerged from
a growing awareness focused on strategic plans. This paper aims at bringing discussion into the development of
algorithmic research and applications of three-dimensional city models in three aspects: (i) techniques and features in
urban Geographic Information System are briefly outlined; (ii) an effective framework on the research and applications
of three-dimensional city models is systematically introduced; (iii) advices to benefiting urban planning based on
three-dimensional dynamic virtual environment are definitely stated. In a word, the potential will make efforts in urban
design with photorealistic representation of urban area significantly.
A spatial cluster method for prime farmland selection
Xinqi Zheng,
Weining Xiang,
Jinwei Dong,
et al.
Show abstract
In China, the protection of prime farmland is a national policy of eminent importance. From an analytical perspective, its
central mission, designating qualified cultivated land as prime farmland, is a comprehensive multi-attribute ranking
problem. The paper first analyzed the shortcomings of the existent methods, and then proposed a spatial clustering
method for prime farmland designation. The main processes were as follows: (1) Building of index system of prime
farmland delimiting; (2) Evaluation of index weights according to expert knowledge; (3) Partition of study area on
account of the accuracy. Data of elliptical regions that was preprocessed was put into model of spatial clustering. (4) The
land parcels in same cluster is combined into larger units, ranking the result units by holistic productivity level, and
selecting the super units which meet the requirement of prime farmland, finally modulating the result according to the
correlated policy. The final result can be acquired. Take Jiyang County, Shandong, as a study area, the research showed
that the model of selecting cultivated land into prime farmland by GA-K means spatial clustering can effectively solve
the existing problems. The prime farmlands were obviously more concentrative, the isolated land parcel fragments were
removed effectively, and spatial gathering level was enhanced remarkably. All that makes it a scientifically sound and
practically feasible tool to protect and manage prime farmland, and monitor the prime farmland, and realize the aim of scientific and scale management.
A route planning algorithm for the shortest distance based on the division road network
Jing Zhang,
Li Li,
Lin Zhang,
et al.
Show abstract
A division route planning algorithm for the shortest distance is proposed in the paper. The algorithm promotes searching
efficiency and shortens calculating time. This paper first introduces the division road network which is different from
traditional road network. The division road network model divide a road network into several division road networks.
Vehicle navigation system can be accomplished in these division road networks. These division road networks are
connected by TransferNodes and TransferLinks which are defined in ISO 19133 and extended in the division road
network model. These division road networks can combine into an integrated road network or be divided further.
Topology relationship of the road network is still integrated. The division route planning algorithm for the shortest
distance is based on the division road network. The division route planning algorithm constructs the division searching
strategy to shorten the route planning time by dividing the road network. A practical application example of the
algorithm in real-time vehicle navigation systems is given. And the experimental results show that the result is correct
and the time for calculating the shortest path between two arbitrary points within the road network can be shortened efficiently.
Government information resource catalog and its service system realization
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During the process of informatization, there produces a great deal of information resources. In order to manage these
information resources and use them to serve the management of business, government decision and public life, it is
necessary to establish a transparent and dynamic information resource catalog and its service system. This paper takes
the land-house management information resource for example. Aim at the characteristics of this kind of information, this
paper does classification, identification and description of land-house information in an uniform specification and
method, establishes land-house information resource catalog classification system&, metadata standard, identification
standard and land-house thematic thesaurus, and in the internet environment, user can search and get their interested
information conveniently. Moreover, under the network environment, to achieve speedy positioning, inquiring, exploring
and acquiring various types of land-house management information; and satisfy the needs of sharing, exchanging,
application and maintenance of land-house management information resources.
The approach for shortest paths in fire succor based on component GIS technology
Jie Han,
Yong Zhao,
K. W. Dai
Show abstract
Fire safety is an important issue for the national economy and people's living. Efficiency and exactness of fire department
succor directly relate to safety of peoples' lives and property. Many disadvantages of the traditional fire system
have been emerged in practical applications. The preparation of pumpers is guided by wireless communication or wire
communication, so its real-time and accurate performances are much poorer. The information about the reported fire,
such as the position, disaster and map, et al., for alarm and command was processed by persons, which slows the reaction
speed and delays the combat opportunity. In order to solve these disadvantages, it has an important role to construct a
modern fire command center based on high technology. The construction of modern fire command center can realize the
modernization and automation of fire command and management. It will play a great role in protecting safety of peoples'
lives and property. The center can enhance battle ability and can reduce the direct and indirect loss of fire damage at
most.
With the development of science technology, Geographic Information System (GIS) has becoming a new information
industry for hardware production, software development, data collection, space analysis and counseling. With the popularization
of computers and the development of GIS, GIS has gained increasing broad applications for its strong functionality.
Network analysis is one of the most important functions of GIS, and the most elementary and pivotal issue of
network analysis is the calculation of shortest paths. The shortest paths are mostly applied to some emergent systems
such as 119 fire alarms. These systems mainly require that the computation time of the optimal path should be 1-3 seconds.
And during traveling, the next running path of the vehicles should be calculated in time. So the implement of the
shortest paths must have a high efficiency.
In this paper, the component GIS technology was applied to collect and record the data information (such as, the situation
of this disaster, map and road status et al) of the reported fire firstly. The ant colony optimization was used to calculate
the shortest path of fire succor secondly. The optimization results were sent to the pumpers, which can let pumpers
choose the shortest paths intelligently and come to fire position with least time.
The programming method for shortest paths is proposed in section 3. There are three parts in this section. The elementary
framework of the proposed programming method is presented in part one. The systematic framework of GIS component
is described in part two. The ant colony optimization employed is presented in part three. In section 4, a simple application
instance was presented to demonstrate the proposed programming method. There are three parts in this section. The
distributed Web application based on component GIS was described in part one. The optimization results without traffic
constraint were presented in part two. The optimization results with traffic constraint were presented in part three.
The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) It proposed an effective approach for shortest paths in
fire succor based on component GIS technology. This proposed approach can achieve the real-time decisions of shortest
paths for fire succor. (2) It applied the ant colony optimization to implement the shortest path decision. The traffic information
was considered in the shortest path decision using ant colony optimization. The final application instance suggests
that the proposed approach is feasible, correct and valid.
An object-oriented model-base system frame
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The present object-oriented model representing way have not fully addressed the issues of model inheritance for general
users, increase the difficulty of maintenance and model composition, and make the interrelation among models more
complex. This paper aims to make improvement in model presenting way and put forward a new model-base system
frame, which can implement model inheritance for general users and its data and method are thought separately of as
descriptive model (DM) and operative model (OM). The definition of operative model and descriptive ones, model
representing way, correlation and how to ensure their consistency and inter-dependency were discussed in detail. Based
on the frame, our group developed STA-MMS which can be incorporated into other decision support system (DSS) to
manage models and to help users to build new models by reusing existing model resources in the system without
modifying code. The architecture of STA-MMS system and its essential functions are defined. Procedures for model
generalization, representation and composition are developed according to object-oriented concepts and methods.
Finally, we examine how STA-MMS and its associated procedures and techniques are implemented in a prototype
StaGIS to facilitate the construction, retrieval and execution of analytical models in the statistic analyzing process.
Optimal allocation model of construction land based on two-level system optimization theory
Show abstract
The allocation of construction land is an important task in land-use planning. Whether implementation of planning
decisions is a success or not, usually depends on a reasonable and scientific distribution method. Considering the
constitution of land-use planning system and planning process in China, multiple levels and multiple objective decision
problems is its essence. Also, planning quantity decomposition is a two-level system optimization problem and an
optimal resource allocation decision problem between a decision-maker in the topper and a number of parallel
decision-makers in the lower. According the characteristics of the decision-making process of two-level decision-making
system, this paper develops an optimal allocation model of construction land based on two-level linear planning. In order
to verify the rationality and the validity of our model, Baoan district of Shenzhen City has been taken as a test case.
Under the assistance of the allocation model, construction land is allocated to ten townships of Baoan district. The result
obtained from our model is compared to that of traditional method, and results show that our model is reasonable and
usable. In the end, the paper points out the shortcomings of the model and further research directions.