A method of detecting target objects in cluttered scenes despite any kind of geometrical distortion is demonstrated. Several existing techniques are combined, each one capable of creating invariance to one or more types of distortion of the target object. A MACH filter combined with an SDF creates invariance to orientation while constraining the correlation peak amplitudes and giving good tolerance to background clutter and noise. A log r-θ mapping is employed to give invariance to in-plane rotation and scale.

This paper describes a system for the detection of people moving in a video scene. The system is ultimately intended to allow tracking of the major parts of the human body. Objects are detected utilizing a background subtraction method which is based on the movements of objects within the scene. The background removal algorithm is designed in a way that allows the background to be constantly up-dated automatically, allowing it to be used over a long period of time. Several methods for improving the outcome from the background removal algorithm are used which include addressing problems caused by variable shading. Mathematical morphology techniques are subsequently employed in order to improve the segmentation achieved in each frame.

There are presented the results of the investigations of the fingerprints’ images correlation recognition in conditions of different distortions - scale, angular orientation change, image’s surface reducing, noises’ influence. There are examined possibilities of the persons’ identification and their verification. There are proposed and investigated the method of the fingerprints’ semi-spectrums recognition and the method of the fingerprints’ space-dependent recognition. There are presented the structures of the special purpose mono-channel and multi-channel optical-electronic systems and are described computing processes in the systems at the realization of the different fingerprints recognition algorithms: “FSR-1”, “FSR-2”, “FSDR-1”, “FSDR-2”, “FICR”. Also, there are presented the results of systems investigations: fingerprints time recognition, systems productivity at the fingerprints comparison step, systems prices.

The field of researches is connected with problems of restoration of images on the incomplete information of objects, which are represented in the digital image form. Questions of application of artificial intelligence systems for image restoration are considered.

Intelligence systems on basis of artificial neural networks and associative memory allow to solve effectively problems of recognition and restoration of images. However, within analytical technologies there are no dominating approaches of deciding of intellectual problems. Choice of the best technology depends on nature of problem, features of objects, volume of represented information about the object, number of classes of objects, etc. It is required to determine opportunities, preconditions and field of application of neural networks and associative memory for decision of problem of restoration of images and to use their supplementary benefits for further development of intelligence systems.

In this paper there is proposed a model of the visual perception based on the spatial-frequency theory of the human visual system. There is given a variant of the mathematical description of the main part of the model, the spatial-temporary Fourier analyzer. The presented examples show a possibility of optimizing an architectural form on criteria of its visual perception.

This article is dedicated to the problem of the presence in the natural language and in the cognitive-verbal human activity of an interior mechanisms of reproduction and self regulation which will help us solve problem by the automatic documents. We have attributed to these mechanisms the property of being synergetic. The above expressed thought has been confirmed at the implementation of the automatic processing of scientific articles, published in the German specialized magazine “Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik-WWT”, which we have addressed to the sub subject field “Abwasser” (waste water). By dividing the implementation of our task in many consequent stages and sub stages we have obtained the possibilities to create the conditions which favored the manifestation of the needed linguistic synergetic activities.

A method of speech coding and decoding is proposed. The speech coding algorithm is based on first derivate calculation of input speech signal, identification of critical points and input signal amplitude in these points, time period measurement between critical points. The result of codification represents a sequence of amplitudes and time periods. The decoding algorithm utilizes values of COS or SIN functions for reconstruction on the input speech. The codec structure that consists from encoder and decoder units is proposed.

In this paper is presented analyses in automatic speech recognition (ASR) to find out what is the state of the arts in this direction and, eventually, it can be a starting point for the implementation of a real ASR system. In the second chapter of this work, it is revealed the structure of a typical speech recognition system and the used methods for each step of the recognition process, and in special, there are described two kinds of speech recognition algorithms, namely, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The work continues with some results of ASR, in order to make conclusions about what is needed to be improved and what is more eligible to implement an ASR system.

A signal (image) processing and wavelet transform based on a representation over additive algebra is discussed. This system can be used for syntheses various spectral representations of digital readouts of a signal. Theorem of spectral decomposition is formulated. The given theorem allows constructing spectral functions for various implementations. Examples of the digital signal processing and wavelet transform are given.

In the article are examined questions of constructing photoelectric displacement converter satisfying demands that are stated above. Converter has channels of approximate and precise readings. The approximate reading may be accomplished either by the method of reading from a code mask or by the method of the consecutive calculation of optical scale gaps number. Phase interpolator of mouar strips’ gaps is determined as a precise measuring. It is shown mathematical model of converter that allow evaluating errors and operating speed of conversion.

New p-i-n photodiodes on the basis of InP-InGaAs-InGaAsP heterostructures for optic communications, possessing original characteristics, are presented in the paper. Their specific photosensibility was achieved by placing the p-n junction in InGaAsP frontal layer near the interface with InGaAs active layer. The photosensibility of realized photodiodes can be controlled in spectral range 1.3-1.6 &mu;m by reverse voltage. For reverse voltage less than a threshold one U_rev < U_thr between frontal and active layers there is a potential barrier of about 0.4 eV for holes generated in active layer and they don’t participate in photocurrent. For voltage U_rev > U_thr the boundary of space charge region extends into the InGaAs active layer and the potential barrier disappears. Thus, charge carriers generated in active layer are easy separated and a photosensibility in spectral range 1.3-1.65 &mu;m appears for U_rev > U_thr. These photodiodes haven’t analog and can be successfully used in many fields of functional optoelectronics for receiving, decoding and processing the signals transferred by optic fibers.

Three types of photodiodes with two-coordinate sensibility on the basis of InP-InGaAsP heterostructures are presented in the paper. The heterostructures optimization for selective receiving of radiation and their manufacturing technology are described. The photoreceivers narrow spectrum of photosensibility with maximum for λ = 1.06 &mu;m excludes the influence of optic background upon the photoanswer and removes the necessity of supplemental interference filters utilization. The presence of a central photodector permits to receive unitary optic signals with duration < 10 ns and high frequency optic information (f > 1 GHz). The influence of X-rays upon the photoreceiver main parameters was studied. The main characteristics and parameters of realized devices are given, they show the efficiency of used technical decisions and the possibility of successful using of these devices in communications through atmosphere.

Electrophotographic spectroscopy, low-frequency capacity and photoconductivity methods were applied to investigate density of the located states in a mobility band of amorphous semiconductors layers As₂S₃ II As₂Se₃. Quasicontinuous and strictly localized states of donor and acceptor types are found. The explanation of this is offered on the basis of existence of metastable states, which are created under light, X-Ray and electron excitation. On the basis of the mentioned materials barriers structures are created and elaborated devices for record and reading of optical information in them.

Chalcogenide glasses doped with various rare-earth ions are extensively studied as potential materials for fiber optic amplifiers operating at 1.3 and 1.5 μm telecommunication windows. The experimental results on optical absorption and photoluminescence of arsenic sulfide glasses and optical fibers doped with rare-earth elements (Pr³⁺, Sm³⁺, Er³⁺ and Dy³⁺) are presented. Near the absorption edge the rare-earth impurities affect strongly the slope and the magnitude of the week absorption tail. Fluorescence spectra of bulk samples and optical fibers of arsenic sulfide doped with different concentrations of Pr³⁺ and Dy³⁺ indicate on the presence of luminescent band located around 1.3 and 1.5 μm. These bands correspond to the electron transitions from the discrete levels (⁶F_7/2&rarr:⁶H_13/2 and ⁶F_5/2&rarr;⁶H_11/2 for Dy³⁺ and ¹G_4/1&rarr³H₆ and ³F₃&rarr;³H₄ for Pr³⁺, respectively), and which confirmed the presence of trivalent rare-earth ions in the glass matrix. The observed effects of rare-earth dopants on the As₂S₃ glass are discussed in connection with the expected behavior of the impurities in the glass.

ZnO-based red phosphors were prepared by different methods. One phosphor was grown from a Na₂B₄O₇ melt, and another one was prepared from a ZnO:Eu₂O₃ powder via electron beam treatment. The e-beam processing is found to result in the formation of a high quality layer on the surface of ZnO:Eu₂O₃ powder. The analysis of the emission related to the Eu³⁺ 4f-4f intrashell transitions suggests that the phosphor grown from the Na₂B₄O₇ melt represents a nanocomposite consisting of ZnO and Na₂B₄O₇ nanoparticles, a part of Eu³⁺ ions being incorporated into ZnO and another part into Na₂B₄O₇ constituent, while in the phosphor prepared from ZnO:Eu₂O₃ powder Eu³⁺ ions are selectively incorporated into the Zn sublattice of the ZnO host.

The experimental investigation of a novel technical approach for formation of security diffraction structures with high degree of protection based on a combined optical and electron-beam lithography techniques are presented.

In this article we investigated holographic properties of recording medium on a basis chalcogenide - oxide of tungsten. We have established, that holographic sensitivity of system chalcogenide - oxide of tungsten in two - three times is higher, than at similar system on the basis of pure chalcogenide. We made conclusions about mechanisms of record of the image in this system. Also in article we describe a technique of manufacturing of system chalcogenide - oxide of tungsten.

The two-photon generator of coherent light formed from entangled photon pairs is proposed. Considering the multi-mode field of micro-cavity in the processes of generation of photon pairs the two-photon resonator losses are proposed. The master equation for cavity biphotons is obtained from quantum treatment of problem. The analytical and numerical stationary solutions for master equation are presented. Also is found that the lasing of light is started from vacuum fluctuations of cavity field. The comparison of proposed model with other two-photon laser models is discussed.

The bi-quanta interaction between the bi-modal cavity electromagnetic field and atomic string consisting of undistinguishable pair of two-level atoms relatively dipole forbidden transition, is studied. The trapping conditions for the flying time of the atoms in cavity are obtained. Moreover, we received the so called cotangent state for the proposed system. The properties of the electromagnetic field for such state are examined. Analyzing the obtained numerical results we concluded that this state exhibits non-classical properties: such as sub-Poissonian statistics, squeezing, or more interestingly, vacuum nutation.

In paper the modern practical implementation of a resonance method suitable for application in the precision devices for impedance components measurement is submitted. The method of measurement and its practical implementation in the series and parallel resonance circuits is analyzed. As reference element the impedance simulator is applied, for which the analysis of a basic error is carried out. For reproduction of the impedances represented in different coordinate sistems are offered the impedance simulator with ladder structure and the impedance simulator with separate regulation of the module and phase, the analysis of their conversion functions and practical applications is carried out. The structure of polar - coordinate impedance meter is offered and the algorithm of its equilibration is analyzed.