We have established that the digital micromirror device (DMD), a component of the Texas Instrument Digital Light Processing system, can be used as a holographic medium by calculating a computer-generated hologram (CGH) and projecting multiple objects at various distances with a single hologram. Like other spatial light modulators (SLM), the DMD has the dynamic capability to display holograms at video rates. Unlike other SLMs, the high reflectivity of the DMD provides the intensity necessary to project a holographic 3D scene. We have characterized many of the properties for utilizing the DMD for holography, including the grating effect of the mirror arrays, resolution, viewing angle, field of view and the number of gray levels that can be displayed by the DMD. Several techniques and algorithms that were investigated to calculate the CGH for vivid display with a DMD are discussed. Prototypes of a holographic real image projection system and a virtual image viewer are being pursued. Since a good, low cost medium for displaying holographic projections does not yet exist, we are developing a volumetric display system consisting of a series of liquid-crystal layers with sequencing electronics. Analysis of image definition, inverted image overlap, and depth of field associated with the current projection system design are also presented. Potential uses of holographic viewing systems are reviewed along with methods for overcoming the challenges of using the DMD for the next generation holographic projection system.

We propose a new method for synthesizing computer-generated holograms (CGHs) of three-dimensional (3-D) and full-color real existing objects. This method requires a series of color projection images of R, G, and B components recorded by color CCD. A CGH for one color component is extracted and synthesized from the Fourier spectrum of the same color component of the color projection images. By the geometrical consideration of the extraction process, the most efficient scanning method, namely azimuth scanning, is determined. Both numerical and optical experiments are presented in order to demonstrate the verification and the effectiveness of our method.

A new algorithm for removing hidden surfaces from reconstruction of computer-generated holograms is presented. The object used in the algorithm is defined by surface model and each polygon composing the object provides a mask for blocking the incident field into the backside of the polygon. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is 2 FFT/polygon by handling field transmission in Fourier space and integrating the surface diffraction method for generating fields. Reconstruction of a hologram synthesized by using the presented algorithm is demonstrated.

In this report, an advanced method of calculation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for reconstructing 3-D images is proposed. Commonly CGH producing process comprises two parts: synthesis and recording. On the synthesis stage the calculation of the Interferogram Data (IFD) - the array of Bipolar Intensity (BI) values - is carried out. On the recording stage a suitable quantization parameters are chosen and transformation of IFD into the multilevel rectangle data appropriate for Electron-Beam Printing System (EBPS) is accomplished. In proposed method the IFD calculation is implemented in Fresnel approaching with the direct ray tracing. The representation of an object as the Hybrid Elemental Self-Radiating Areas (HESRAs) is used. Such kind of the object representation more accurately corresponds for objects of the scene behavior. Advantages of using non-linear quantization that implies condensing of quantization levels near the BI zero were considered. The influence of random location and direction deviation of elemental hybrid radiating area was explored. In the experimental result, we obtained monochrome computer-generated hologram of 3-D image, suitable for integration into the typical rainbow hologram.

In this paper, a new color LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon)-based holographic full-color 3D display system is proposed. As the color LCoS SLM (spatial light modulator) can produce a full-color image pattern using a color wheel, only one LCoS panel is required for full-color reconstruction of a 3D object contrary to the conventional three-panel method. That is, in the proposed method, each color fringe-pattern is generated and tinted with each color beam. R, G, B fringe-patterns are mixed up and displayed on the color LCoS SLM. And then, the red, green and blue fringe patterns can be diffracted at the corresponding status of a color wheel, so that a full-color holographic image could be easily reconstructed with simple optics. From some experiments, a possibility of implementation of a new LCoS-based holographic full-color 3D video display system is suggested.

Holography and computer graphics are being used as tools to solve individual research, engineering, and presentation problems within several domains. Up until today, however, these tools have been applied separately. Our intention is to combine both technologies to create a powerful tool for science, industry and education. We are currently investigating the possibility of integrating computer generated graphics and holograms. This paper gives an overview over our latest results. It presents several applications of interaction techniques to graphically enhanced holograms and gives a first glance on a novel method that reconstructs depth from optical holograms.

In January 2004 at the SPIE Photonics West conference held in San Jose, an exhibition of the late Steve Benton’s work was held in a corridor leading of the conferencing rooms. The exhibition contained most, if not all of his finest works including one of his most spectacular, 'Crystal Beginnings'. It was during an interval in the programme that I found myself standing in front of this hologram, discussing its practical makings with fellow holographer Fred Unterseher. Since no notes were available regarding its design or indeed the holographic camera, Fred and I began to try and decipher how Benton had made it. During the discussion we seemed to attract a small crowd, and it soon became apparent that we were not alone in our fascination. One of those in the crowd turned out to be Oliver Cossairt, one of Benton’s ex-students at MIT. He contributed to our argument by informing us that he had asked Benton how the hologram was made. Benton’s answer was "all the clues are there!" The more I looked at the mass of reference points in space, the more it appeared as some form of 3D map or constellation! This paper explores that idea, and asks for reader’s participation in the completion of a questionnaire. Its answers will be used as reference points in a holographic map.

Working with the geometry and form of light Martina Mrongovius is a holographic artist and physicist. Martina’s holographics capture a strange beauty through layers of aesthetic. This paper is based on her Honours thesis in Applied Physics. The exhibition Hover consisted of seven different holographic scanning and projection geometries. These devices used a range of mechanics to scan holograms through laser beams and laser beams through holographic arrays. The recorded holograms as well as the contraptions by which they are replayed captured the form and flight of a reconstructed dragonfly. In designing the holographic displays safety was an important consideration. The projection devices were also constructed to accommodate a range of laser sources and be easily adjusted to project dragonflies with wingspans from 30 to 2000 mm. Hover was the installation of these stochastic contraptions into a surreal optical habitat of animated projections. Being part of the 2004 Next Wave Festival for the arts Hover attracted a large and diverse audience. The intent of the exhibition was to engage with this audience on many levels while illustrating the nature of holographic recordings. The results of this investigation into the geometry and dynamics of projection are presented along with the design considerations, construction methods and audience response.

The research of Odile Meulien and Dietmar Ohlmann is about perceiving a multidimensional world. Not about the cyberspace created for new cinema creation, nor the reality which seems to be created by communication. It's the search for the reality we perceive, when the mind "touches" an object with its senses. In fact, it is a study of the surface of an object, which we can record in its visual appearing, its structure, shape and colors. When using photographic media, the tactile sense of the structure is missing, when using some other reproductive media; we experience somewhere a sensation of fault, something different. When using holography, we are able to record some three dimensional shape which has in fact a lot of parameter of a realistic copy. What is missing is the touch, the smell, the way we can go close and far, surround the object, relate the reflected light to its surrounding. The only interesting attribute of a hologram is for Dietmar Ohlmann its capacity to illustrate a continuum. He likes its changing diffractive character during daytime and surrounds lighting. For Odile Meulien the continuum of a hologram represents a new possible model for understanding wholeness in a social context. In fact, both are working on an educational process together, helping children and adults to find a new position of their own in harmony with living surrounding. Dietmar Ohlmann is working on his artistic side, while Odile Meulien works on educational programs experiencing the perspective of a curator and social analyst. New is the implication of using the latest of the techniques like the atomic force microscopy, which make possible to touch the holographic grating while the holographic image remains untouched. In other words it is the reverse of the usual approach of objects which at first we touch to investigate further. Their difference in experiencing and perceiving scientific and technical approach brings a lot of paradigm in their discussion. Together they will perform this exchange, as a matrix, understood as source, of new ideas.

Using multicolor reflection holograms, artist can produce limited edition holographic prints with consistent results,using image plain, color-separated masters. These color masters are then used to combine, by contact printing; all colors elements into a single multi color holographic print.

Recently we have had our Class reunion (Physics Department of the renown St. Petersburg University, Russia). Amidst all the warm greetings, embraces, and gasps of surprise at the view of receding hair, bulging waistlines and other signs of relentlessly encroaching middle age we swapped the tales and had come to a rather unsurprising conclusion: if you are still in science, it means you are working abroad, if you are still in Russia, it means you are not in science. Indeed, in the wake of rapid changes that swept over the former Soviet Union following its disintegration in 1991 millions of people who formerly had positions in the vast scientific and technical establishment have found themselves adrift without any conceivable means of support. Many have been forced to abandon science for good and to seek opportunities in the burgeoning private sector and quite a few have achieved spectacular successes in their new business endeavors. Their names are well known and their future appears to be bright. This article though is not about them. It is about those stubborn individuals who despite overwhelming odds have kept their faith and commitment to science, who went on and persevered. It is a tribute to those who remained fully engaged in research and upheld the traditions of Russian school, who have faced and overcome all the innumerable obstacles such as delays in salary payment, aging physical plant, accident-prone electrical, water and heating systems, dearth of funding, etc. It now seems, that thanks to the selfless effort of these remarkable individuals Russian science is finally turning the corner and that things are indeed getting better. This article is homage to all the scientists in the FSU whose inquisitive minds and boundless thirst for knowledge have preserved and strengthened the glorious traditions of Russian science through all these years of troubles.

Planar lithographic holography is a new direction in holographic development that draws on the unique merging of three previously unconnected disciplines, volume holography, waveguide optics and DUV projection-photolithographic fabrication. The approach has only recently become practical with the advent of high-resolution photolithography (<250 nm resolution) and waveguide materials of sufficient quality. Using planar lithographic holography, it is for the first time possible to fully harness the spectral and spatial signal processing power of volume holography with the added benefit of doing so in a robust fully-integrated environment. This makes possible the creation of integrated holographic devices for a broad range of optical signal processing applications.

Holography is an imaging technique which accurately can record both the amplitude and the phase of the scattered light from an object. However, to obtain a hologram in which both the 3D shape and the color of the object are required to be accurately reproduced, the recording of the hologram has to be performed by using at least three laser wavelengths. A mathematical model has been generated in order to simulate the holographic color rendering process by assuming ideal laser recording and reconstruction conditions which ignores the influence caused by the recording material and the processing. Based on this mathematical model a computer program with appropriate graphical user interface was implemented. The required amount of laser wavelengths and their distribution within the visible electromagnetic spectrum has been investigated in order to obtain the best possible color rendering. Simulations using three to seven laser wavelengths have been performed to better understand the sampling nature of color holography and by performing multiple simulations for all possible laser selections the optimum wavelengths have been obtained. We have found that three wavelengths are only sufficient if chosen carefully, but for improved color rendering four to five wavelengths are recommended.

The superimposing method is described in order to reduce information in hologram. This method improves loss of resolution and increase of the speckle noise due to the information reduction as compared with the sampling method. Experiments are carried out for reconstruction of images from the computer-generated hologram or from the practical hologram. Results show that high-resolution images with low speckle noise are reconstructed from the continuous periodic hologram with reduced information. The image having no parallax is reconstructed on the Fourier transform plane from the hologram with reduced information, if the bandwidth is taken to be smaller than the diameter of observer’s pupil. A time-sharing system is developed in order to display real-time 3D images with full parallax using several Fourier transform holograms with reduced information.

A time-sharing holographic color display system is developed using a high-resolution reflective liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel that consists of a 1920x1080 array of square pixels with width of 8.1 micron. Red, green and blue images with high resolution are reconstructed from the holographic display system with a red laser diode (LD), a green diode-pumped laser and a blue diode-pumped laser. The reconstructed color image can clearly be observed under the room light. The images exhibit good color expression. A phase-shifting holography system is also developed in order to record 3D color images, where phase of the reference light is shifted by changing fringe patterns displayed on the reflective LCD. Color image of the practical object are recorded as RGB fringe patterns by adopting a high-resolution color CCD. Clear RGB holograms are obtained from recorded fringe patterns by the phase-shifting method, and moving color images with high quality are reconstructed from the holograms by using the developed holographic display system.

We present a novel holographic particle image velocimetry (HPIV) system using a reversible holographic material as the recording medium. In HPIV the three-dimensional flow field throughout a volume is detected by adding small tracer particles to a normally transparent medium. By recording the particle distribution twice with a known time shift the displacement and the velocity of the tracer particles can be retrieved. From this information the instantaneous three-dimensional flow field can be found. Our measurement system records double exposure particle holograms in a film based on the photo-chromic protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR). Polarization multiplexing is used to separate the two constituent holograms. We believe it is the first time that this type of multiplexing is used in (particle) velocimetry measurements. By using a polarization sensitive material we are able to simplify our setup and increase the storage capacity of our holographic medium. BR is a fully reversible recording material that does not require any chemical processing. This allows for fast experiments that require minimal operator involvement. A full measurement cycle can typically be completed within several minutes. We present our experimental system in detail and we will discuss how the material and optical properties of BR affect the holographic recording system. We will point out the advantages, disadvantages, and practical issues involved when working with BR.

A cyclically permutable code is a binary code whose codewords is cyclically distinct and has a full cyclic order. Important classes of these codes are the constant weight cyclically permutable codes. These codes have wide applications in optical code division multiple access communication systems. In this paper, we propose a tunable cyclic shifter based on the super-imposed holographic grating using photopolymer as the holographic medium, which can be used with a cyclically permutable code by applying appropriate strain to the photopolymer.

The present work deals with the Multiplex Images (MIs) including stereographic and animated ones with opportunity to predict their appearance and behavior before they are recorded by Electron-Beam Lithography Equipment (EBLE). On the one hand the presence of MI in Optical Security Device (OSD) increases its structure complexity improving security properties; on the other hand it makes it more spectacular and visually impressive. The analysis of MI behavior on a visual level is based on the theoretical estimations of the diffraction by the phase reflecting Elemental Diffracting Grating (EDG) under the arbitrary Conditions of Lighting and Observation (CLO). These estimations start from the strict quantitative formulation of the Huygens-Fresnel principle that was by Kirchhoff presented in 1883. They are also used for the assignment of encoding parameters for MI. The approach of middle wave zone is used, i.e. the distinctions in CLO for different points of MI topology are taken into account, which provides the integrity of the scene during observation. To represent the diffraction results in the RGB color system, it has been proposed to use the non-linear color compensation. It allows to obtain more expressive highlights together with shadows within one computed angle shot. Experimental results show viability of the proposed approach to visualization. Undoubtedly, the opportunity of predicting the look of any MI, provided by this utility, is a powerful tool, which will help to create vivid and impressive diffractive images.

The DESA material is an ultra-fine grained silver bromide emulsion referring to the name of its four inventors (D)uenkel, (E)ichler, (S)chneeweiss, (A)ckermann of the University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, Germany. The thickness of the dried layer is between 5 and 7.5 μm, and the mean grain size is by about 15 nm, as determined by TEM. During manufacturing, emulsion precipitation and coating are separated strictly from spectral and chemical sensitization. Thus, a high performance could be obtained. Resolution is estimated higher than 8000 lp/mm. Sensitivity amounts to 80 up to 120 μJoules/cm2 for maximum diffraction efficiency by recording Denisyuk white-light reflection holograms at 632,8 nm (HeNe laser). The paper provides an insight into fundamentals of the ultra-fine grained silver halide technology together with new challenges for further developments under theoretical and practical aspects.

In the present paper the comparative analysis of organic and inorganic resists for registration of optical/digital holograms is described. The purpose of researches - to find optimum recording medium for record of the combined holographic protective elements. Organic photoresist S1800, organic PMMA electron-resist and inorganic resist - Chalcogenide Glass System (HGS) As₄₀S _60-x Se _x (where x=20,30,40) were investigated. Besides this, information characteristics resist layers of HGS were investigated with the purpose of definition optimal recording modes of optical microstructures by Electron Beam Printing System (EBPS). The correcting method of system response on forming of interactive diffraction grating is offered. It is shown, that maximal electron sensitivity have resist layers As₄₀S₄₀Se₂₀. It was revealed during researches, that for this task an organic resist S1800 series and inorganic - As₄₀S₄₀Se₂₀ are suitable. On results of our measurements it has been established that organic resist S1800 is more sensitive (more than 10 times) in comparsion with HGS and provides higher resolution (about 2500 lines per millimeter). Providing of high resolution is very important for registering Computer Generated Holograms (CGH), especially 3-D images holograms.

A detailed model of diffraction of Gaussian beams on plane uniform volume Bragg gratings based on a Kogelnik’s theory of coupled waves is presented. The model describes transmitting and reflecting gratings and takes into account spectral width and angular divergence of diffracted beams. Exact formulas for angular and spectral selectivity are derived. Conditions for Bragg diffraction based on comparison between beam quality (divergence and spectral width) and volume grating parameters (angular and spectral selectivity) are formulated. The model results are compared with experimental data for high-efficient Bragg gratings in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass.

The photochemical behavior of dichromated polyvinylalcohol (DCPVA) films was analysed upon exposure at 365 nm in connection with the hologram quality recorded in such a photosensitive material. The evolution of both involved species, chromium and polyvinylalcohol, were quantified by implementing an innovative approach. This approach combines the monitoring of the structural modification of the polymeric matrix and the fate of the various chromium species ((VI), (V) and (III)). For the first time, it was established that chromium (V) was at the origin of the cross-linking implied in the hologram formation by acting as a bridge between hydroxyl groups of the polymeric chains. A second unanswered question was also elucidated. The improvement brought by ammonium dichromate with respect to potassium dichromate involves amide groups as additional chelating sites for chromium (V) resulting in the increase of the matrix cross-linking.

A new recorder material with the ability to store information by pressure and temperature parameters, computer phase holograms were obtained whit this material, which it is used a coating of polyester resin mixing with nitrocellulose. The major improvements from our material are: high diffraction efficiency (91.9 %), reduced cost, easily to apply on any substrate and the hologram is making with out develop process, and this does not need carefully controlled environment conditions. In this approach the hologram is formed under pressure and temperature.

The results of experimental investigations of photoanisotropy in polarization-sensitive media with dark relaxation on the basis of azodye Dimethyl Yellow is presented. The model consideration of photoanisotropy in polarization-sensitive media with dark relaxation is presented. The media with conformation-orientation mechanism of the anisotropy induction is considered. The value of “effective anisotropy” is used for the anisotropy description that allows measurements of photoanisotropy to be made in real-time. The value of photoanisotropy and dark relaxation time dependence on the acting radiation intensity and relaxation coefficient is shown. The time of the order of tens of milliseconds for the achievement of the maximum meaning of anisotropy and the dark relaxation time are obtained.

In this paper, we propose a novel method that can generate a computer-generated hologram (CGH) from the depth stream and color video outputs provided by ENG camera. To generate CGH, distinguished from an existing electronic holographic display system that uses a computer graphic model, we utilizes video image from a depth camera. This procedure consists of two steps that the acquisition of a depth-annotated image of real object, and generation of CGH according to the 3D information that is extracted from the depth cue. Experimentally, we display the generated CGH via a holographic display system using liquid-crystal display.

We could optimize the crystallinity of azopolymers for sensitive and stable holographic recordings by controlling the ratio of crystalline unit of the main chain of azopolymers. In this study, we synthesized several azopolymers with the different ratios of crystalline and amorphous moieties of the main chain. Those polymers clearly had different crystallinity depending on the ratios. We measured their photo induced birefringence, which contributes to the formation of a hologram, and evaluated their photosensitivity defined as the growth speed of the birefringence. We also examined the relaxation properties of the induced birefringence after the recording. As a result, we found that the azopolymer of which the main chain consisted of 90% crystalline moieties and 10% amorphous moieties represented the best sensitivity performance. After irradiation, the birefringence relaxation for it was suppressed to one eighth of that for a 100% amorphous azopolymer. Furthermore, TEM image revealed that several microcrystals less than 20 nm in diameter, which caused negligible light scattering, existed in this 90% crystalline azopolymer. The microcrystal domains seemed to help the azobenzene moieties maintain the orientation, which resulted in the stabilization of the recorded birefringence. Therefore, it could be said that the microphaseseparation is the key for achieving optical recordings.

Holographic characteristics of two different films using methyl violet dyes in polyvinyl alcohol matrices are reported. One of the films, Film A, contains only methyl violet in the matrix. The other film, Film B, contains methyl violet, triethanolamine and acrylamide in the matrix. Diffraction efficiencies of the two films were measured and compared. Mechanisms of holographic recording and the functions of the dyes are discussed. The films were 8 μm thick. Holographic gratings were recorded in the films by two intersecting YVO laser beams at 532 nm. The recording intensity of each beam was 25 mW, 50 mW and 100 mW, and the beam diameter was 2.25 mm. The spatial frequency of the grating was 653 line/mm. During recording, intensity of the diffracted light was simultaneously measured using a He-Ne laser at 633 nm. Regarding Film A, diffraction efficiency reaches a peak at a specific exposure time. This means that holographic grating grows according to exposure time in low exposure, but vanishes when over-exposed. In bright regions of the interference fringe on the film, the dyes are bleached. Changes of absorption and refractive index due to bleaching would result in the holographic grating. Regarding Film B, the diffraction efficiency was saturated in high exposure, and the maximum diffraction efficiency was not strongly dependent on the concentration of methyl violet. In the bright regions of the interference fringe on the film, excited methyl violet and triethanolamine cause polymerization of acrylamide. Changes in the refractive index due to the polymerization build the holographic grating.

It becomes quite easy to calculate over one hundred million pixels computer-generated hologram of three-dimensional object, even with normal personal computers. On the other hand, it is not so easy to output the calculated result as a hologram that must have micron order resolution for practical three-dimensional display. We have developed a direct fringe printer, which consists of a laser, an X-Y stage and a liquid crystal panel as a spatial light modulator. A fractional part of the entire holographic fringe is displayed on the liquid crystal panel, and the demagnified image of it is recorded on a holographic plate. Then the plate is translated by the x-y stage to write next part of the fringe. We have made some improvements on our previous system. We achieved to print 192 Mega-pixel hologram with 2.8-micron pitch within 40 minutes, three times faster than the previous one. We have also printed 768 Mega-pixel hologram and the full-color rainbow hologram.

In this paper, we propose the new fast calculation method of computer generated cylindrical hologram and report experimental results of three-dimensional image reconstruction. Conventionally, it takes a huge amout of time to compute cylindrical hologram data, because it is based on a point-light object method. On the contrary, the proposed method is based on the angular spectrum of plane wave and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. By using the method, computation time of the holgram data becomes 500 times faster than conventional methods. We made holograms by this proposed method and performed optical image-reconstruction experiments. The results of optical experiments make clear that the hologram has the full-parallax three-dimensional image that has "look around property".

In this paper, we present a scheme of recording apodized grating using an additional laser beam polarized orthogonally to two recording beams. The additional beam has a function to control beam intensity modulation of the recording beams and, therefore, changes the saturated modulation amplitude of the grating. An investigation of the diffraction efficiency depending on the intensity modulation is implemented in DuPont’s HRF-150-38 photopolymer. As results of the experiment, holographic apodized gratings with uniform, inverse Gaussian, and triangular profiles are fabricated successfully in this material.

Holographic transmission gratings with 0^o;-Bragg angle are widely used to couple light into and out of waveguides due to their high diffraction efficiencies and planar packaging. In this paper, a holographic grating coupler based on the photopolymer has been designed and experimentally demonstrated. To achieve the high diffraction efficiencies, we investigate the optical properties of the coupler according to the exposure energy at the 405 nm wavelength. For the asymmetrical geometry with 72^othe correction of the Bragg angles shift of about 0.95^o; and 3.45^o;, which are induced by the 7.86% shrinkage factor, is successfully demonstrated. The performance and the optical characteristics of the coupler using volume holographic grating are discussed in detail.

The thermo polymers constituting an important usable diversity of register holographic materials. These materials are studied due to the important practical applications as replications holograms, digital storage information know as holographic memories. We construct a thermopolymer applying natural organic materials, our doped polymer (PVA) it is studied with natural resin rosin, this mixture is prepared to different dopant concentrations, since this will allow to find an optimal point, getting high thermal response, which this mixture can be mainly used in holography, with this characterization from our mixture we observe the next main parameters to are: diffraction efficiency, refraction index modulation. This material does not need developed process to amplify the latent image. An important aspect of this study is that all these tests are made in environment conditions.

A microlithography technique is presented to record interference patterns generated by computer in a conductor polymer film( polyvinyl alcohol doped with nickel chloride), getting phase holograms. The information in the mask is transferred to the material by temperature gradients generated by exposition to the heat. The refraction index is transformed at each material point by the temperature changes, thus the film is recorded and developed by itself. This way, new boundaries are opened between electronics and optics, for example chips in holograms.

We report new material to record holographic images in an organic polymer of sap plant (Aeonium Nobile) by conventional microlithographic techniques with ultraviolet light. The information of the mask is transferred like a polymerized regions modulation. It is a phase modulation by means of refraction index. The material is developed by itself by means of the well-known physical-chemical reaction of cured.

We propose the fast accessible data storage system using the double side hologram reconstruction scheme which can simultaneously read out holograms using both the forward and phase conjugate reference beams. In this system, digital pages are recorded in the usual manner but are reconstructed in two CCD cameras by the double side hologram reconstruction. As a result, we achieved the speed of two times faster than the conventional readout and the estimated raw BER were 3.09×10^-18 (left image) and 4.76×10^-16 (right image), respectively.

Recently, image quality is improved by the research of sensation of reality that feeling of being at a live performance. We are developing electro-holographic display system using water particle 3D screen. It was cleared that water particle screen shows high contrast image with wide viewing angle and it is effective for holographic TV but it shows flickers by gravity and flow. Our research made flickers being reduced using flow controlled nozzle