Spatial-temporal structure of quantum packet of an electron in an one-dimensional system with impenetrable walls under laser impulse action had been investigated. The coupled equations in partial derivatives for a real and imaginary components of a wave function are solved by the numerical methods. The initial quantum packet is presented in the special trigonometric form with the arbitrary velocity. The calculations of the dynamical variables, its expected values and Fourier-spectra, phase trajectories are performed in details. Influence of a laser impulse duration on the transformation of the initial quantum packet was established. The accurate analytical solutions to the equations in partial derivatives for the free packet at initial trigonometric packet are discussed. These solutions allow us to understand the numerical results of basic part of a paper.

Systems with spherical mirrors are proposed as an alternative to using lenses for line focusing employed for enhancing nonlinear laser frequency conversion efficiency. Optimal parameters of spherical mirrors systems are determined, and advantageous features of the proposed systems are demonstrated using as an example a system designed for producing high power UV radiation by frequency conversion of copper vapor laser beam in a nonlinear BBO crystal.

Laser operation of passively Q-switched Nd³⁺:LSB microchip laser with Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Energy and temporal characteristics of sub-nanosecond output laser pulses have been studied using different combinations of output couplers and absorbers. Generalized model of Q-switched microchip laser has been proposed which takes into consideration thermalization and recombination in laser medium, spatial inhomogeneity of pump and laser intensity, and saturable absorber recovering. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained for wide range of the pump power. Thermalization times of Nd³⁺ ions in LSB crystal has been estimated to our best knowledge for the first time.

We present the results of study of the modes of generation of a SRS Nd³⁺:KGd(WO₄)₂ laser at an eye-safe wavelength of 1.54 μm. Based on these investigations, a miniature (35 g) laser using a V³⁺:YAG crystal with passive Q-switching of a resonator operating in a wide temperature range has been developed. The laser output energy is more than 6 mJ.

Two main processes are playing the key role during formation of the COIL active medium: mixing and chemical reactions. The mixing control is extremely important for the optimal operation of the laser. Experimental optimization of mixing is not enough effective, because the outcome of laser experiments depends of all subsystems. Numerous attempts to find "optimal" nozzle design confirm this. By the other hand, the full-scale 3D numerical simulation is hard enough and deep parametric study is impossible by this way. Only final numerical test of the system as a whole can be fulfilled. Taking this into account, the simplified models are very important. New two-layer simplified model developed and tested in the paper based on 1D gas-dynamic approach. The simplest model of mixing include two separate flows. Each flow is described by separate set of 1D differential equations. Mixing is modeled by source terms in convection equations. Mixing rate is considered as external parameter. The main idea is to close uncertain mixing phenomena by phenomenological model. After this wide parametric study should give us the ranges and possibilities of mixing control. This approach help us to clarify the mixing rate which is optimal from point of view of laser operation.

Chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) is unique chemical laser based on electronic transition of iodine atom with wavelength 1.315 μm. Measurement of gas-dynamic parameters of the active medium by pneumometric methods looks like the basic at present. Accuracy of these methods is not always high enough. Laser spectrometry methods give an additional opportunity of active medium parameters measurement. Distant methods allow making measurements without penetration inside the laser active medium. Additionally, several parameters like pressure, temperature and velocity can be detected simultaneously with small response time and high accuracy. The data processing algorithm for such measurements is presented.

Laser system generating optical pulses with the duration of subnanosecond range is considered in this paper. Optical neodymium glass generator (GOS-1001) is used as the basis installation. Such choice lets us to increase the total energy of the laser generation pulse up to 9 joule. Sources of the generation energy restriction are also considered. Longitudinal photorefractive effect in the feedback coupling DKDP element is mentioned as one of them. Conclusions on the restriction of the application field of such medium for the high-energy lasers dynamics control are carried out.

For expansion of functional qualities of the technological lasers the possibility of modernization of the laser type of GOS-1001, released before by an industry, for a Q-switching mode [giant pulse (GP)] and especially for a picosecond range is investigated. The essential decreasing of output energy as compared with prototype is noted, that is explained by an output in oscillation of a rich spectrum of transverse modes. The electrooptical and electromechanical methods of the GP shaping are used for modernizing, at which the energy achieved ~6 J and was restricted to excitation of multipulse generation.

The new way of modes synchronization is offered. There is an ultra short pulses generation in the laser with a negative feedback which is entered into the self excitation regime. Later ultra short pulses will be intensified by the nonlinear passive filter, that is such way may be classified as active-passive with regenerative feedback one. Picosecond pulses are forming during the whole pumping pulse which is approximately 1.5 ms. Whole energy of the utlra short pulses train is several joules. Such development may be used in biomedical applications according that data.

Cheap and simple low-threshold quasi-cw (1 kHz) barium nitrate based Raman laser excited with the second harmonic radiation of flash-lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser is developed and studied. Created laser system allows one to generate the radiation of five Stokes components at 563.4, 598.7, 638.7, 684.5, and 737.7 nm, simultaneously. Using special resonator mirrors with optimized reflections average powers of the first and second Stokes components higher than 1 W have been reached. It corresponds to Raman conversion efficiency of 30%. The radiation of the Stokes components is frequency doubled in a KDP crystal and the second harmonic radiations at 281.7, 299.4, 319.4, 342.3, and 368.7 nm are obtained with average powers of 10 mW and higher. Narrowing the spectral width of the generated radiation up to about 0.2 cm^-1 in the visible ranage is demonstrated by applying an etalon inside Raman laser resonator. The laser system made can be used for spectroscopic applications and in other field of science and engineering.

The results of further detailed investigations of passive Q-switch Raman microchip lasers based on Nd:LSB crystal with Ba(NO₃)₂, BaWO₄ and KGd(WO₄)₂ crystals as intracavity Raman media are presented. It is shown that intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in microchip lasers is very simple and efficient method for generation of high power pulses with duration comparable to ones reaching under more technically complicated mode-locking regime. Modeling output energy parameters and emission kinetics of Nd:LSB microchip laser with intracavity SRS on the base of enhanced theoretical model of Q-switch Raman microchip lasers operation taking into account cross-section intensity distribution of pump, laser and Stokes modes, thermalization processes of activator ions on upper and lower multiplet levels and features of saturable absorber intracavity bleaching at spatially nonhomogeneous laser mode has shown good agreement with experimental results.

The way for calculus of the angular power distribution of fiber optical light sources, founded on quasigeometrical model is presented. Indispensable coefficients of approximatings for different optical waveguides are determined experimentally. Is reviewed the calculation of the directional diagram for rough input end face of the optical fibers.

The asymptotic expressions for the difference of axial propagation constants of waveguide modes inside one linear-polarized modal group and length of decay of polarization in step index profile optical fibers are submitted. The estimation of accuracy of the obtained formulas is executed.

Semiconductor laser diodes the based on unsymmetrical structural quantum-well heterostructures are capable to emit optical radiation simultaneously on two or three wavelengths with determinated amplitude and pulse repetition frequency in gigahertz range. Occurrence of multifrequency lasers gives wide opportunities for making highly effective two-wavelength laser measuring and the analyzer systems of new type, which provides essential advantages before analogous one-wavelength laser systems.

The problem of not destroying diagnostics and dosing of radiation at laser therapy is one of important in medicine. Therefore the purpose of our work is development of method ATR for diagnostics and researches in biomedicine. In this work as objects of consideration were: a mixture of nicotine with water, a mixture of an ascorbic acid with water and surface lesions of an eye cornea by a herpes virus. Results of our consideration are the ATR spectra defined at different concentration of organic substances and virions.

The work concerns alternate versions of non-damaging optical monitoring of laser engraved flexo plates including (1) image acquisition of made by Computer-to-Plate technique masks using optics-analogue of flatbed scanners and mobile CCD microscope with calculation of halftone screen parameters and (2) measurement of flexo plate relief formed by direct laser engraving and by CtP technique using laser triangulation profilometry.

The research of noise's influence in the digital image of a laser beam on the error of its center definition with the help of the program of image's processing Image Center is carried out. The given program is used for processing of flow's visualization pictures in computer-laser refractometrical method. The program allows to make an individual filtration of the entered image from noise and to find the center of images brightness. During researches the influence of multiplicate, additive noise; their sums; the size and a spatial site of the beam on an error of definition of its center was studied. For the analysis of noises influence on the results of work of the program a line of images with obviously known characteristics of noise and a site of the center of a stain was generated. Parameters of modeled images were maximal approached to experimentally received values. By results of researches the dependences of displacement of beams center position on a signal/noise ratio were constructed and analyzed, recommendations for realization of experiments are given and the data on threshold values of noise at which it is possible to find the center of the beam with the given error are received.

The application of Background Oriented Schlieren method to the visualization of the laser radiation heating of the absorbing liquid is investigated. The results of the visualization with the different background screens are presented. The influence of the background screen on the resolution is shown. The optimal correlation processing parameters for this background screen are chosen.

The algorithm for modeling of the laser dopler vibrometer signal's from the rough surface oscillating under the harmonic law is developed. The influence of the relative rough's size on the signal's processing error is shown. The results of the experimental research of the rough size fluctuation are given.

In the given article the use of scattering screens is offered as intermediate sourcs of radiation at measurements of spatial-power parameters wide-aperture optical bunches. It is shown, that in bidimensional statement of a problem, the reduction from experimental values of distribution of a radiation stream to angular distribution of power force of light is possible at the set angular dependence of factor diffusive transmission or reflections of the scattering screen and known geometric-optical parameters of measuring unit.

Method of industrial testing is proposed, in which the surface energy is evaluated whether it is less of a specified value. Evaluation is accomplished by measuring the contact angle of wetting. Method of measurement is based on the analysis of one-dimensional intensity distribution of laser radiation in the edge diffraction pattern. To increase the rate of digital processing have been derived explicit expressions that relate intensity with the parameters of the shape of wetting liquid in the vicinity of three-phase line.

The optical methods of monitoring of a surface roughness, including polarization surveyed. The polarization model of a polymeric film is offered, each of which surfaces is modeled with the help sequentially of located plates with an amplitude, phase, linear and circular anisotropy. On the basis of the offered model the transmitter of parameters of an anisotropy manufactured. The comparative examinations of parameters of an anisotropy of polymeric films carried out by a Mueller method and on a designed transmitter have shown good concurrence of results.

InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode in photon detection mode was researched. The automatic experimental setup was developed. The parameters of single photon detector were optimized for quantum cryptography application in temperature range -38...-57C for 1.3 μm wavelength. Quantum efficiency 16% at quantum bit error rate 10% and dark count probability 7 10^-5 at -38C was achieved.

Calibration methods of photometric spectral selection channels of biomedical in vivo photometer-spectrum analyzer which allow to measure absolute value of light fluxes at luminescence wavelength band (0.66 - 0.9 μm) during probe by wavelength 0.66 μm are presented. Three experimental calibration schemes for photometric channel are designed. Each channel consists of narrowband light filter, high sensitive pin-photoreceiver, amplifier block and ADC. Advantages and shortcomings of every scheme are discussed. Measurements of complete flux of light back scattered by the investigated sample and spectral analysis of this irradiation allow analyzing experimental data at quantitative level. The investigations of optical characteristics of biological tissues in vivo were made by means of calibrated photometer-spectrum analyzer. Tissues of volunteers belonging to different age with various diseases were investigated.

This paper is present the results of theoretical and experimental researches of color perception threshold effects at observation quasimonochromatic light sources. The color system with nonlinear transformation of intensities is designed. The experiments on color matching at observation of test display images are described. The practical recommendations are offered.

The process of the photoacoustic signal formation in nonhomogenious samples is analyzed. Within the framework of a three dimensional model and a perturbation theory expressions are obtained in general form for the thermoelastic deformations taking into account inhomogeneties of the thermoelastic parameter of a sample. The obtained results are applied to analysis of the photoacoustic signal behavior near the tips of vertical cracks. The variations of the photoacoustic signal near the tips of radial cracks in Vickers indented Al₂O₃-SiC-TiC ceramics are studied experimentally. A special attention is paid to the case of various mutual orientation of radial cracks and external loading. Experimental and theoretical data for the effect of external stresses on the photoacoustic signal near the tips of radial cracks are compared. It is demonstrated that for Al₂O₃-SiC-TiC ceramics agreement is fairly good. It is also shown that the stress intensity factors of the radial crack tips can be determined based on the developed theoretical model and experimental data.

The polymer films are widely used in any industry as the construction materials with some specific properties. It demands the detail studies of the laser destruction threshold parameters of such a materials irradiated by the he power laser radiation pulse with energy density in range from 0 up to 200 J/cm². The probability of the target laser ablation destruction versus the incident laser radiation energy density dependencies for any polymers -- the high pressure polyethylene, epoxy compound, polymethylmetacrylate, styrosil and rubber for comparing -- have been a subject of the experimental studies. The plots of the breakdown probability and plasma emission intensity for all of the samples versus energy density dependences have been got and the breakdown energy density for these targets have been determined by this probability is equal to 0,5 or zero plasma intensity condition. These results show that about 11% of absorbed laser pulse energy was transferred to the target as the shock wave spreading in it when the target thickness is greater than the distance which this shock wave spreads in the time of laser pulse action.

The theoretical calculation of the real aerosols Mi scattering indicatrix does not allow to get adequate to experimental data results. For the experimental study of the Mi scattering indicatrix the special laboratory air pipe stand has been created for simulating industrial air-disperse flows and the measurement method by it has been developed. The experimental studies of the real cement aerosol particles in air flow Mi scattering indicatrix have been fulfilled.

For optical properties poly-disperse of aerosol particles in an air flow it is necessary to supply the stability of particles concentration and disperse distribution of the particles in a flow. Is has been shown that the aerosol particles continuous generation of in the air flow leads to concentration falling and demands to stabilize concentration and disperse distribution of aerosol particles. It has been suggested to carry out the studied parameters of aerosols in a flow measurements during relaxation decay of the aerosol concentration after its pulse generation. The experimental results agreed to accounts and confirms the efficiency of the suggested experimental approach.

Raman spectra interpretation takes the physical reasons that substantially determining the Raman band broadening, the shift of the spectral lines, their form distortion and difference between the measured intensity of the Raman line and its true value. The lidar Raman spectrum transformation of the gaseous molecules of the methane CH₄, propane C₃H₈ II butane C₄H₁₀ mixture at the number of the ranging laser radiation wavelengths with the distance in a range of 0,1 - 2,0 km have been fulfilled. The designed computer modeling procedure allows to predict a type of the lidar Raman spectrum of a methane, propane and butane mixture at the various ranging distances for the chosen wavelength of the cooper vapor laser and by this way that to increase the concentration measurement accuracy of studied molecules in a gaseous mixture.

The device for determination of polarization characteristics of laser diodes radiation is offered on the basis of Stokes parameters measurement. The instrumental errors exclusion is realized due to absence of mechanical displaces of the setup elements.

The necessity of development of the physical signal theory (ST) as component of laser theory is justified, and its principles are stated. These principles include quantum description of signals in the form of electromagnetic (EM) field and their classical representation. The submitted researches are based on Planck hypothesis about discrete levels of energy of EM radiation, Einstein hypothesis about light quantum and Bohr rule of frequencies only, and in so doing Heisenberg indeterminateness principle is taken into account.

The acousto-optical processor (AOP) of a new type for the investigation of pulsar radio emission is proposed that provides for the compensation of signal dispersion in a wide frequency bandwidth. The AOP is based on an acousto-optical spectrum analyzer with a CCD photodetector operating in a special pipeline operational mode (shift-and-add mode), which allows spectral components of the input signal to be added with a controlled time delay immediately in the CCD photodetector. The proposed AOP was successfully used on an RT-64 radio telescope (Kalyazin Radio Astronomy Observatory FIAN) for the observation of pulsars at 1.4 GHz band with bandwidth 45 MHz. The method of direct interstellar medium dispersion measurement on two-frequency band observations with application AOP is described. The measurements of DM for pulsar PSR 1937 + 21 are submitted.

We offer a design procedure of characteristics of acousto-optical deflector, which uses the regime of an anisotropic mode in any cut of a crystal TeO₂ with taking into account consideration of second-order diffraction. We determine the conditions, allowing to avoid influence of second-order diffraction and to receive the frequency characteristic with the required non-uniformity in an acceptable frequency range.

Optical microparticle manipulation using laser fields of various configurations has found wide use in a variety of fields: for retardation, deflection, cooling, and localization of atoms; in biology and medicine for non-invasive trapping and examination of various types of bacteria, cells, viruses, and molecules; in nanotechnologies and micromechanical components control. Recent years have seen an increased interest in enhanced capabilities of microparticle manipulation thanks to special properties of the laser beams. For example, rotating the microparticles trapped by the laser field due to the spin or orbital angular momentum of the beam. In this paper, the fifth-order Bessel beam is produced using only a single optical element -- a diffractive helical axicon. This beam was successfully used to trap and rotate 5 1 - 10 μm biological microobjects (yeast particles) and polystyrene beads of diameter 5 μm. Also, DOEs to form phase vortices are discussed and studied and an experiment on simultaneously trapping four microparticles in different diffraction orders are described.

Acousto-optic spectrum analyzers (AOSA) perform the signal spectrum processing with the rate defined by such physical characteristics as frequency bandwidth and Bragg cell temporal aperture. AOSA with space and time integration have approximately similar information productivity but the 1^st allows to process wider spectrum area whereas the 2^nd provides higher frequency resolving power. The mechanical combination of both does not cause the productivity gain if not to take into consideration the processed signal character. We have proposed to use the combination of AOSA with space and time integration to process the signal with some features known beforehand. The device which consists of both kinds of AOSA and processes such kind of signal, has information productivity about by an order bigger than that of the device based on the single AOSA. The principles of the device design, features of used Bragg cells, and radio air signal processing data are presented and discussed.

The theoretical modeling and experimental research of the erythrocyte aggregation have been carried out. It has been shown that the first minimum coordinate of scattering function is connected with degree of aggregation.

The experimental research and theoretical modeling of the erythrocyte refractive index have been carried out. It has been proposed the model of the erythrocyte refractive index determination by means of two wavelengths (0,63 and 0,53 micron). It has been shown that the power density of laser radiation has an influence on erythrocyte deformability and hence on changing of the erythrocyte refractive index. The value of the obtained refractive index by means of two wavelengths method is in a good agreement with the haemoglobin concentration in explored sample of blood.

In present work there were performed the microwave studies of the process of photostimulated changes in carbon matrix after the influence of UV radiation. It was indicated that the increase in fractal dimension of the Costas array screen formed from photodestructed amorphous carbon thin film elements modify the field strength at the first antinode and rearranged the standing wave profile on the same way as for the screen of half-wave reflecting elements.

The paper concerns the development of a new type of semiconductor detectors based on wide-gap insulating crystals, which are not polarized during the registration of intensive nuclear radiation, x-ray or electromagnetic waves. The detectors offered allow simultaneous registration of the shape and intensity and energy (doze) of radiation as well. I.e. they are detectors-dozemeters of radiations, reveals linear lux-ampere characteristics in a wide range of radiation intensities, are highly sensitive and stable under radiation. Detectors could be prepared on the basis of various insulating crystals with a gap width 2 - 6 eV.

Optical fibers as detectors of radiation have a lot of advantages: big length, little diameter, no electrical interference, and an opportunity to measure radiation from the spread source. Optical characteristics of pure silica glasses as a material for optical fibers are very important. Spectroscopic parameters of high-purity silica glasses made by sol-gel technology have been investigated. Absorption bands are formed near 4.6, 2.0, 1.7 eV when glasses are subjected to γ-rays. This absorption bands are considered to be due to nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC). Dependence of integral absorption in the bands on irradiation dose for different samples of high-purity silica glass was received. Integral absorption in 4.6 eV-band increased with increasing of dose. And integral absorption in 2.0 eV-band also increased with increasing of dose, but position of its maximum shifts to smaller value of energy in samples with great content of oxygen. This shift is explained by increasing of absorption in 1.7-eV band. The experimental data gives that absorption bands are determined by presence of different types of NBOHC in the sample. Absorption band near 2.0 eV is due to NBOHC ≡ Si-O ↑. Absorption band near 4.6 and 1.7 eV is due to NBOHC ≡ Si-O^-. The intensity of absorption band near 1.7 eV is determined by concentration of oxygen in the sample. Two principle schemes of optical fiber sensors are represented. Sensor of total dose operates on the basis of absorption measurement. Distributed sensor utilize backscattering and operated on the basis of optical time domain reflectometry method.

In the article the way of definition of correction of projection velocity of the aircraft according to a synthetic radar image of earth surface is considered. There is also an expression conclusion for definition of correction is presented and an estimation of the potential precision of the method is fulfilled. Obtained theoretical results are confirmed by the results of the computer modeling.

The present work is devoted to investigation of holographic recording features in medium composed of bipolymer film of DNA, sensitized by organic dyes to He-Ne and YAG-Nd lasers radiation. Two types of holograms formed in the system of dye-DNA by two different modes of recording were studied: (1) transmission holograms recorded by a stationary He-Ne-laser with diffraction efficiency of order 0.02%. (2) Relief-phase holograms (RPH) recorded by a pulse YAG-Nd laser with a diffraction efficiency of order 5%. Despite distinction in efficiency and recording mechanisms the explored holograms are combined by one general property -- they disappear spontaneously during the few hours. The results of the work allow to make conclusions about mechanisms of recording and erasure of holograms, as well as to determine diffusion coefficients in dry film of DNA at a room temperature.

The thionine photoreduction kinetics in film of polyvinyl-alcohol is proposed to describe as the consecutive reaction with one equilibrium stage: (formula given in paper). To given scheme the values of k₂ = (3,60 ± 0,26)•10^-3 s^-1 and k₃=(2,93 ± 0,56)•10^-3 s^-1 are determined. The values of k₁ constant demonstrate the linear dependence on laser intensity.