Publications > Bookstore > Conference Proceedings
Proceedings Volume 2250

International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994

Mohammed N. Afsar
cover
Proceedings Volume 2250

International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994

Mohammed N. Afsar
View the digital version of this volume at SPIE Digital Libarary.

Volume Details

Date Published: 1 January 1994
Contents: 1 Sessions, 316 Papers, 0 Presentations
Conference: Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications: International Conference 1994
Volume Number: 2250

Table of Contents

icon_mobile_dropdown

Table of Contents

All links to SPIE Proceedings will open in the SPIE Digital Library. external link icon
View Session icon_mobile_dropdown
  • International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994
International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994
icon_mobile_dropdown
Front Matter: Volume 2250
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 2250, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee listing.
Role of millimeters in radar and fusion
Benjamin Lax
Advances in gyrotrons and related millimeter-wave sources, combined with recent development of quasi-optical techniques can shape the future of ground based radars and fusion machines. Heating by electron cyclotron resonance (ECRH), plasma diagnostics and stabilization of plasma and current drives are practical objectives.
Far infrared spectra of galaxies
Charles H. Townes
Spectroscopic observations in the far infrared for astronomical purposes is the primary subject of this discussion. Such spectra allow the study of many common atoms, ions, and molecules in interstellar clouds. In these clouds, temperatures and densities are often low enough that atoms and molecules exist in their lowest states and do not emit at wavelengths much shorter than the far infrared. Furthermore, many important parts of our universe, such as the center of our own galaxy, are obscured by dust clouds and hence cannot be studied at short wavelengths.
Fusion applications of high power millimeter wave sources
R. L. Freeman
Heating by means of high power electron cyclotron (EC) waves in the mm wavelength range is considered to be one of the most attractive approaches for heating fusion plasmas to the temperatures required to achieve ignition. EC waves have also been used to drive plasma current by using directional launch and to stabilize MHD instabilities in tokamak plasmas through localized heating or current drive. Experiments are planned on both JET and 11-411( to measure the alpha particle distribution by scattering EC waves.
Submillimeter waves research at the russian academy of sciences
G. V. Kozlov
The major peculiarity of works performed on submillimeter waves in Russia is their aiming at development and application of electron monochromatic radiation sources,
Mm-wave radar for advanced intelligent cruise control applications
Raglan Tribe
11-aditional cruise control systems have been in use for many years. They maintain a fixed vehicle speed (set by the driver) by automatically controlling the throttle, thereby improving comfort in steady traffic conditions. In congested traffic conditions, when speeds vary widely, these systems are no longer effective. The use of cruise control would be significantly increased if the vehicle speed could automatically adapt to the traffic flow.
Millimeter-wave monolithic components for sensor applications
Thomas Ho
State-of-the-art millimeter-wave monolithic power components have been developed for Ka- and W-band sensor system applications. This paper presents the development and performance of Ka- and W-band power MMIC components. At W-band, the integrated power module using U-band MMIC power amplifiers in conjuction with W-band MMIC doubler shows the highest reported power (95 mW) and gain at 94 GHz. At Ka-band, a four-stage power amplifier exhibited 14.6 dB of linear gain and 300 mW saturated output power at 35 GHz. These power modules are highly stable and suitable for the future millimeter-wave sensor system applications, such as PCN and collision avoidance sensors.
A highly-efficient monolithic varactor multiplier for 77 GHz collision avoidance radar applications
Gary McDermott
A GaAs monolithic varactor multiplier has been developed for collision avoidance radars with a conversion efficiency of 31% @ 76.5 GHz when driven by 25dBm @ 38.25 GHz. This corresponds to nearly 20dBm (100mW) of output power at W-band. We believe this to be the best performance reported to date for a diode-based monolithic multiplier at this output frequency.
Millimeter wave radar for automobile crash avoidance systems
G. Richard Huguenin
Low cost, millimeter wave, forward looking radar sensors for applications in Autonomous Collision Warning and Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control systems will be described. These safety related systems promise the largest payoff in preventing highway crashes.
Linearly tapered slot antenna circular array for mobile communications
Rainee N. Simons
The design, fabrication and testing of a conformal K-Band circular array is presented. The array consists of sixteen linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSA). It is fed by a 1:16 microstrip line power splitter via electromagnetic coupling. The array has an omni- directional pattern in the azimuth plane. In the elevation plane the beam is displaced above the horizon.
W-band mmics for automotive radars
G. S. Dow
Automotive radar sensors are key components for the Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS) which is one of the crucial elements for future Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). These sensors are designed to detect the range and velocity of a target and are useful for collision warning and avoidance systems to improve highway safety. The frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radar provides a simple method of determining the range and velocity of a moving target. The millimeter wave frequency has advantages of wider RF bandwidth (better range resolution), and smaller circuii/hardware sizes that are very useful for automotive radar sensor applications.
Active multi-functional antenna with a HEMT for future mobile cammunications
Kazuhiro Matsui
Fiber optic subcarrier transmission links are being investigated for future radio distribution network. in mobile ccemunicaticos, a large muter ,of radio base stations with optical transclucers are required for radio signal transmissica to the numercus moixile terminals. Therefore, it is very important to cxxlstruct.cximpact and cost effective radio Mae station hardearp.
Ultrashort-pulse submillimeter-wave lasers and their applications
D. P. Scherrer
By optical pumping of far-infrared (FIR) laser gases with 10 µm-TEA-CO2 laser pulses truncated within 10 ps by an IR plasma shutter as well as by first application of a new FIR plasma shutter we have observed new phenomena and generated ultrashort FIR single pulses which are presently applied to investigate the exciting and complicated features of FIR quantum-well detectors and high-Tc superconductors.
The divergence study of far infrared laser
Dezhen Nie
This paper reports the divergence study of optically pumped far infrared laser with wave lengths of 118P m, 447P m and 890P m. A special device of scanning, recording and detecting system is used in order to obtain the laser beam divergence.
Assignments and predictions of optically pumped far infrared laser lines in c-13 methanol
I. Mukhopadhyay
In this work, the high resolution infrared (IR) spectrum corresponding to the C-O stretch vibration and far infrared (FIR) spectrum corresponding to the torsional-rotational transitions have been recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The results of the detailed analysis on the spectra have been applied to propose new assign- ments of FIR laser lines pumped by the 9P(34) CO2 laser line. These assignments involve highly interacted first ex- cited C-O stretch vibrational state. The analysis also yielded accurate frequencies for several potential FIR laser lines in C-13 methanol. The spectral data relevant to this work are presented. The results will be useful for a precise model of the Hamiltonian for excited C-O stretching state.
High resolution spectroscopy of the ocd-bending mode of methanol-d1 and assignments of far infrared laser lines
I. Mukhopadhyay
In this work, high resolution Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectra corresponding to the OCD - bending, C-O stretching and CI-1-rocking bands of methyl alcohol-D1 have been recorded in the range 815-1120 cm-1, at a resolution of 0.004 cm-r. Analysis of the OCD bending mode transitions yielded identification of quantum numbers involved for far Infrared (FIR) laser lines optically pumped by the 10P(34) and 10P(46) CO2 laser lines. The IR as- signments are supported by forming close combination loops of observed R, P, and Q branch transitions.
Waveguide HcN-laser undermanding of alignment of mirrors
Yu. Kamenev
The features of the application of trihairal metall reflectors as laser cavity mirrors were experimentally investigated. It was determined, that warp and rotation of reflectors around the axis does not affect the output power level and radiation polar i zat .
Generation of intense tunable far-infrared radiation by use of an optically pumped multipass raman cell
W. Schatz
Using a continuously tunable CO2 laser we demonstrate the generation of far-infrared radiation by use of a multipass Raman cell. The optical length of the cell was variable between 11 m and 71 m. Pumping the aR(6,K) multiplet in "NI-13, we obtained maximum pulse energies exceeding 7 m.T and far-infrared tuning ranges of more than 3 crirl. Comparing the multipass Raman cell with a 1.2 m long singlepass waveguide far-infrared laser we found an increase of the maximum photon conversion coefficient by a factor of 3 up to a maximum value of :36%.
First optical-free-induction-decay system with a tunable single-mode high-pressure co2-laser
D. P. Scherrer
We generate continuously wavelength-tuneable truncated laser pulses with a high pressure (11 bar) single-mode 10µ,m CO2-laser and a plasma shutter and applied them in an optical-free-induction- decay (OFID) system.
Mode structure and mode dynamics of the FIRp-Ge laser
E. Bründermann
Heterodyne mixing of the p-Ge laser and a FIR ring laser at 117.7 pm (CH2F2) and 118.8 pm (CH3OH) revealed the mode structure, the absolute linewidth and a frequency tunability of 25 MHz during the p-Ge laser pulse.
Far ir physics and the processing of optical composites
A. J. Sievers
For many years composite structures have been the building blocks of materials with specialized mechanical properties but only recently have related ideas been used successfully to develop new optical materials. A particular example to be described is hot pressed zinc sulphide, dispersion hardened with diamond particles for extreme IR window applications. It shows increased toughness over pure ZnS without loss of transmission in the 10 gm wavelength region. In addition to its practical benefits, this simple system has turned out to be extremely useful for identifying the important dynamical features underlying the optical properties of all transparent composites and complex dielectrics. One result of our far it measurements is the discovery of a generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for solids and liquids.
Anomalous absorption of microwave pulse in an inhomogneous dielectric
Alexander Soroka
Radio pulse transformation by inhomogeneous lossy dielectric is investigated in the resonant region. The medium is simulated by using the effective numerical algorithm,
Fourier transform a-type spectra of 13 Cd3OH methanol in the 14-50 cm-1 range
Li-Hong Xu
The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of 13CD3OH methanol has been recorded from 14 to 50 cm-1 on the modified DA3.002 Bomem spectrometer at a resolution of 0.002 cm-1 at the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, Ottawa. Clear ground state a-type J-multiplets are seen in this region. Assignments of these J-multiplets have been combined with ground state information obtained from associated IR fundamental band studies to form a solid base of ground state data over an extensive range of torsion-rotation quantum numbers. The data have been useful for further IR studies as well as FIR laser assignments for this isotopic species of methanol. Global fitting of the new FIR observations together with previous microwave measurements has yielded an improved set of a-type molecular parameters.
Investigation of ch-plasma with using of microwave spectrometer
A. D. Akhsakhaljan
The microwave spectrometer on coherence spontaneous radiation effect (CSR — spectrometer) in millimeter wavelength range was used for analysis of diamond films deposition products. Investigation of dynamic characteristics CH — plasma components in reactor in situ was realized.
The substance spectroscopy in dynamic nuclear polarization regime
A. A. Vertiy
The results of the relaxation process investigations in the nuclear spin-system of the paramagnetic substance are presented in dynamic nuclear polarization regime. High degree of the nuclear polarization is achieved by means of microwave pump of the definite transitions in an electron spin-system. The bistability properties in these paramagnetic substance are discussed.
Disorder induced one-phonon absorption of millimeter and submillmeter waves
B. M. Garin
The contributions of lattice disorder by microscopic charges and interatomic bonds respectively to the one phonate absorption in nonideal dielectric crystals have been theoretically considered. The latter is of the same order oT magnitude or more than the Itret one.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a process monitor for integrated circuit manufacturing
A. D. Akhsakhaljan
A Fourier transform infrared (FF-IR) spectrometer was successfully employed to monitor in real-time the fabrication of thin film integrated circuits. The instrument simultaneously measured film thickness and doping levels of cpitaxial silicon films.. The FT-IR was optically interfaced to a modular single wafer processor capable of rapid thermal processing and chemical vapor deposition. The data acquisition and analysis were performed within seconds, and demonstrated improved sensitivity and accuracy compared to present measurement methods. Besides epitaxial silicon, this technique can be applied to the production of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, poly-crystalline silicon and silicon shallow junctions. Details of the instrument interface, collected spectra, computer analysis software and process control strategies will be given.
Fourier transform spectroscopy of H12CoOH and H13CoOH
A. Scalabrin
The identification of Formic Acid in the interestallar space and their use aas active medium in FIR lasers has stinulated spectroscopic studies with this molecule. We present Fourier Transfrom spectra of H12 COOh and H13 COOh in the region of 450 to 5000cm, at 3.0 0.1 and 0.03cm resoluations. The data will be used in a normal coordinate vibrational analysis and optical pumping experiments to generate new FIR laser lines.
On the observability of the helical Cerenkov effect
B. M. Garin
The observability of the recently described helical Cerenkov effect, which exists in the microwave to visible spectrum, is discussed for visible light with the central wavelength of 5x le cm. The uniform magnetic fields from 5 to 10 Tesla, the silica aerogel (as a medium) with the index of refraction of 1.075, and the electron beam of up to 3 MeV in energy are assumed. In addition of being potentially a new radiation source, this effect could possibly be used as a detector of radiation by energetic electrons that are trapped in a medium by strong magnetic fields.
Submillimeter spectra of iron borate
A. A. Avakian
The electrodynamical characteristics of FeB03 single-crystal are investigated in submillimeter waveband below 300°K. The refraction index and absorption coefficient dispersions due to AFMR, determined by computer simulation of experimental data, characterize FeB03 as a perspective material of submillimeter magnetoelectronics.
Microscopic theory of first order stark effect and dipole moments of "rotational" transitions in excited vibrational states of molecules
V. M. Mikhailov
Microscopic theory and spectroscopic models for dipole moments of "rotational" transitions in excited vibrational states of molecules developed on the base of effective dipole moment operator method are presented. The examples of the long chain linear and spherical top molecules are considered.
Millimeter wave aquametry
V. V. Meriakri
Many liquid and solid dielectric materials were investigated at frequencies 30 to 500 GHz. As a result we suggested some new methods and structures for express control of material consistency, e.g. water in oil, alcohol in wine, humidity of some solid materials
Expected performance of a compact, cw, high-average-power FIR free-electron laser
Luis R. Elias
A continuous-wave free-electron laser (FEL), based on a 1.7 MeV electrostatic accelerator, is presently under construction at the University of Central Florida. Because of the high degree of expected electron beam recovery, the FEL is expected to operate in a single mode, with 30 percent wall-power efficiency and 1 kilowatt average output power in 200-800 micron spectral region.
Free electron laser instability for a relativistic solid electron beam in a rectangular waveguide and linear wiggler field
Yuan-shao Yin
The instability of the free electron laser in which a solid electron beam goes through a rectangular waveguide with axial and wiggler magnetic fields has been studied.The dispersion equations for TE and TM modes are analysed numerically,
Influence of laser field on the poincare maps in collective free-electron lasers
Shi-Chang Zhang
Comparative studies are given to the influence of the laser field on the Poincare mans of the electrons in collective free-electron lasers, where both positive and reversed guide fields are considered. We find that the chaotic behavior is easily caused with the laser field increasing in the case of positive guide field, but it scarcely appears if the positive guide field is replaced by a reversed guide field.
The design of the 130-260 GHz FOM-fusion-FEM
A. G. A. Verhoeven
A Free Electron Maser(FEM) is being designed at Rijnhuizen for ECRH applications on future fusion devices. The FEM will have an output power of 1 MW, a central frequency adjustable within the complete frequency range of 130 GTTz to 260 GHz and a fast tunability of ± 5% around the chosen central frequency. At this moment a pulse length of 100 ms is foreseen, but with the intention to extend this to cw in a later phase.
The potentialities of smith-purcell free-electron amplifiers
Dmitry M. Vavriv
Comparison studies of singel and two resonator Simth Purcell free-electron amplifiers have been carried out. The limiting output characteristics output power , gain efficieny, noise factor of such amplifers over the millimeters and submillimeter wave bands have been determined. The results of experiments were analyzed and the most amplifier desionds were found.
A cw 94 GHz Gunn oscillator with 100 rnw output power and 12 GHz mechanical tuning range
Yonghui Shu
This paper reports an ultra wide bandwidth mechanically tunable InP Gunn oscillator. The 94 GHz oscillator offers 100 mW CW output power with more than 12 GHz mechanical tuning and ± 100 MHz bias tuning range. The power flatness of the oscillator is + 1.0 dB across the tuning band and the frequency stability is - 5.0 MHzr C typical over 0 ° C to +60 ° C. This state-of-the- art performance Gunn oscillator should be able to substitute for Reflex Klystron sources and act as an excellent bench type signal generator to fulfil many measuring requirements.
A highly stable u-band microstrip GaAs Gunn oscillator
Dade Zhao
A high performance and stabilized U-Band microstrip GaAs Gunn oscillator on Duroid 6002 is reported. It is stabilized using a dielectric resonator and a block(stub) circuit resonator in a unique hybrid configuration. Frequency stability of ± 1.2ppm / t is achieved over 10 to 60r temperature range. A highest 102mw of cw output power at 44.6GHz is obtained from a 108mw diode.
New millimeter wave source
H. C. Chen
The generation of monochromatic current modulation of an intense relativistic electron beam for producing high power millimeter wave is studied theoretically. The frequency mismatch, gap electric breakdown and electromagnetic isolation of the cavities are investigated by particle simulation for various beam parameter and geometric configuration.
Recent experimental results from GaAs Tunnett diodes above 100 GHz
H. Eisele
RF power levels of up to 40 mW atA dc to RF conversion efficiencies up to 4.5 % around 105 GHz have been demonstrated with GaAs TUNNE'rT diodes on integral heat sinks [1,2]. More than 90 % of the tested diodes have shown no saturation in RF output power or dc to RF conversion efficiency up to the highest applied bias current, which was chosen to ensure an operating junction temperature well below 250 °C. Therefore, a significant boost in performance in these TUNNETT diodes can be expected by improving the heat dissipation. The MBE material designed for devices on an integral heat sink [1] and a selective etching technology originally developed for GaAs IMPA'rT diodes [3,4] were used in the first fabrication of W-band TUNNETT diodes on diamond heat sinks. The diodes were thermocompression bonded employing the same procedure as for GaAs W-band and D-band IMPATT diodes [3,4]. The standard open package on the diamond consists of four quartz standoffs and tapered leads. The diodes were tested in the same WR-10 waveguide cavity with a resonant cap as the diodes on integral heat sinks [1]. The back short of the cavity was tuned for maximum RF power output.
High performance 36 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator
Muhammad Mizan
A 36 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) exhibiting state of the art frequency stability and phase noise performance for application in high dynamic range radar systems and beacons will be reported in this paper.
Millimeter wave FM DBR oscillators
Zong-Wen Li
Millimeter Wave Freauency Modulation (FM) Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) Oscillators are studied and cons- tructed. The Gunn and varactor diodes are inserted Perpendicularly in an inverted strip dielectric wave- guide (ISLG). The grating structures are built on the ISDG both two sides of Gunn and varactor dioces. It is possible to obtain millimeter wave hi-2-h stable FM oscillations with freouency shift of 500 :4iz and power output change of 5; at 40GHz. It will be po7entially used in millimeter wave dielectric integated system of sensors, Radar and communications.
W-band interrupted CW impatt source
A. K. Shukla
A 150 mW W-band Short Pulse Impatt Oc,urce has been developed in interrupted CW mode using innovative approach, which finds extensive use in Injection Locking of Impatt Oscillators and reduction of Transmitter leakage in radars. The r.f. pulse-width is adjustable upto 400 nsec.
Synchronous and chaotic oscillations in Gunn oscillators
Dmitry M. Vavriv
We studied both theoretically and experimentally the effect of the dynamic chaos on stability of synchronous oscillations of millimeter wave Gunn oscillators. It was found that the chaotic instability can arise in weakly nonlinear mode of excitation, and the destruction of synchronous oscillations canbe caused by even not very large perturbation. Such a pertubation can be, for example, an additional harmonic component of the lock-on signal of low-frequency hindrance in a supply circuit.
Far ir picosecond pulses of coherent transition radiation
Uwe Happek
Coherent transition radiation, generated by the passage of mm-long relativistic electron bunches through a metal foil, has been observed in the far infrared. The intensity, the polarization, and the spectral and angular distribution of the transition radiation were measured and its coherent nature was identified. The application of coherent radiation for bunch length measurements of relativistic electron bunches and for pump probe experiments on low energetic elementary excitations are discussed.
Miniature optically pumped FIR laser
Xizhan Luo
Miniature optically pumped Far-Infrared laser was constructed with the sample tube only one to ten cm in length. It will meet the rectire- ment of applications in many cases.
Ch318OH: FIR laser line frequency measurements and assignments
G. Carelli
This paper combines recent FIR laser line frequency measurement results with assignments for CH318OH. 10 FIR lines have been measured in frequency and the study of the CO stretching band by high—resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy has led to the assignments and confirmations through transition combination loops of these lines.
Bistability in optically pumped submilimeter laser
Jishu Chen
The dynamical behaviours in optically pumped submillimeter laser ( OPSML) have drawn much enthusiasm of many scienctists around the world since the middle of 1980's. Many efforts were put forth on the study of the origin and variation of pulsation and chaos. The OPSML system is a combination of active and passive systems. Hence it can show abundent dynamical behaviourp.
Identification of the new strong 123 um FIR laser line of methanol
Li-Hong Xu
A strong CH3OH FIR laser line at 123 gm, more than twice as powerful as the well-known line at 119 gm, has been found by optically pumping methanol vapour with the newly discovered 9P(20) hot band line of the CO2 laser. High-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopic results reveal this new line to be the (nIK,J)v = (018,14)C0 —* (027,13r0 transition, pumped in the R(018,13) CO-stretch transition of CH3OH. This is the same energy level system to which the 119 gm line belongs. The spectroscopic wavenumber of the new line is in excellent agreement with the frequency measured by heterodyning.
Microwave and millimeter spectra of 0-17 and 0-18 methanol
Li-Hong Xu
Microwave and millimeter spectra of the oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 isotopomers of methanol have been investigated in the 30 and 40 GHz regions. As well, the 0-17 species has been studied with a pulsed- molecular-beam Fourier transform spectrometer operating in the X and Ku bands to examine the quadrupole hyperfine structure of certain transitions.
Identification of the new strong 125 um FIR laser line of methanol
Li-Hong Xu
Recently, a new FIR. laser line was discovered at 125 by optically pumping methanol vapour with the newly discovered 9P(20) hot band line of the CO2 laser. This line is more than two times as powerful as the. strongest previously known FIR line of methanol at 119 4,na. High- resolution Fourier transform spectroscopic results have revealed this new line to be the (nrK,J) = (018,14) —* (027,13) transition, pumped in the R(018,13) transition of the CO-stretching band of methanol. This is exactly the same energy level system to which the 119 p.m line belongs, but the offset from the CO2 pumping transition is smaller in the case of the new more powerful 124 pAn line. The spectroscopic value for the wavenumber of the 125 im line is in excellent agreement with the accurate frequency measured by heterodyning.
Frequency measurements in 3Cd3OH FIR laser
A. Scalabrin
13CD3OH is a very efficient FIR laser source. In the last two yearn about. 100 laser lines were observed and characterized in wavelength, polarization, intensity and absorption line center offset. In this communication we present frequency measurements on several ISCDOH FIR laser linos. The heterodyne technique was used by boating the output of two FIR laser systems pumped by CO, lasers. The two FIR Laser lines, one to be frequency measured, the other previously known, were mixed on a MIM point contact diode.
Determination of the complex permittivity from very complicated transcendental equiations with Kuhn algorithm
Hanyi Ding
A Kuhn algorithm technique was introduced to calculate the values of 1N wave complex permittivity from very complicated transcendental equations. This method basically avoids the problems of the initial value selection needed in iteration methods, and has a very high solving stability, and also the reduction of the formulas which must be often done in iteration methods and maybe introduces the calculating errors is not necessary in the method. An practical comparison was given.
Error analysis of the determination of complex permittivity with an electric-, field cross-correlation Fourier transform technique
Hanyi Ding
An error analysis of mm wave complex permittivities determined by au electric field cross-correlation Fourier transform technique is pres(,nted, in which some limited characteristics of the measuring technique due to error sources are discussed. And it is show ci that the method can havc, a: qu i ok)1 accuracy: error in is of the order 0.001 - 0.01 and relative error, in tanO is about 10% .
Microwave fourier transform spectrometer
Alexander B. Brailovsky
A spectrometer for investigation of the kinetics of fast processes in reactors in situ via a measurement of molecular rotational spectra in gas phase has been constructed. The principles of the spectrometer operation and algorithm for the mathematical processingof the results are considered. The results of laboratory model tests are given.
Reconstruction of surface electrophysical parameters in millimeter band passive remote spectrometry
V. K. Volosyuk
For the inverse problem of recovering surface parameters from inherent radiation recorded by scanning radiometers, a maximum likeihood technique based on secondary processng in Wiener and Kalman filters is proposed.
The effect of frequency stability on an electric field cross-correlation fourier transform spectrometer
Hanyi Ding
The experiment on frequency stability of an electric field cross- correlation Fourier transform spectrometer is performed, and the analysis of frequency effects on the accuracy of the spectrometer is given based on the fundamental formulas of 'the spectrometer . According to this, the stabilized frequency source is necessary to measure transition spectrum, but the problem of frequency stability is not the main error source in dielectric measurements.
The Fabev-Ferot resonator methods to determine development at the University of Wisconsin of quasi-optical mode conversion systems for gyrotrons
S. Rauf
This paper reviews the development and current status of the gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter with emphasis on the research at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. The literature cited is representative of the published work and is not intended to be exhaustive.
Low voltage infrared free electron laser with gyrotron powered RF wigglers
Wallace Manheimer
Designs are presented for infrared free electron lasers (FEL's) with rf wigglers and relatively low voltage electron beams. One design is presented for a 10gm laser driven by the 6 MeV linac at Santa Barbara. The ultimate portable system would be powered by a 3 MeV beam and it radiates in the 3-5µm atmospheric propagation window.
Slow-wave high power gyrotron (review)
Saeyoung Ahn
Wideband ampiifiers at high frequency has been a challenge to achieve high power and high efficiency. Latest developments of slowwave gyrotron amplifiers will be reviewed here including dielectric, helix-loaded and folded waveguide gyrotrons.
A Hamiltonian theory of the gyrotron and CARM
B. W. J. McNeil
We present a fully Hamiltonian treatment of the dynamics of a gyrotron or CARM amplifier. The case of electron evolution in a constant electromagnetic field is considered along with that where the field evolves self-consistently with a single particle. Equations are derived to characterise the phase space for each case.
Effect of electron beam deviations on gyrotron oscillators using frequency domain calculations
Ossama A. Abo-Elnor
Our frequency-domain analysis which we have used to study the effect of the load reflections in a preceding paper (0.A.Abo-elnor et al, 16:-H conf. IR & MMW, Lausanne, 1991) is used now to study the effect of excentricity in electron beam and variations in its radius. Both effects cause reduction in both efficiency and output power, it is shown that considering the two effects together can equalize the output power reduction and returns the output power and efficiency to their optimum values.
Field emission array (FEA) gyrotron cathode experiments
M. Garven
This paper reports recent progress in the operation of a novel field emission array (FEA) gyrotron cathode. This work has involved the design, development and subsequent operation of an FEA gyrotron cathode, utilising GEC-Marconi Ltd silicon FEAs. Initial experiments have shown this to be a low power, — lkW mm-wave output, long pulse, > ls, system. There are several advantages of using FEAs as an electron beam source in gyrotrons including increased beam quality, low velocity spread and a well-defined and controllable spatial beam distribution. Further advantages lie in the ability to operate FEAs gated, long pulse or DC. Treating the FEA electrodes as a simple RC network predicts possible gating frequencies > 1MHz. Previous cold cathode gyrotrons at Strathclyde have been operated at full power (' 6MW mm-wave output) at a repetition frequency of 330Hz that was limited by the power supply. Utilising FEAs promises ultimate repetition frequencies three orders of magnitude beyond this, as the gating frequency is not related to the switching speed of the HT power supply.
Magnetron-injection guns of gyrotron in space-charge limited current regime
B. V. Raisky
Calculation characteristics and electrode configurations of Magnetron-Injection Guns (MIG) operating in Space- Charge Limited Current (SCLC) regime for various frequency ranges are given. The design pequliarities and experi- ments with MIG are described.
Axial symmetrical echelette resonators for gyrotrons
E. V. Koposova
We consider the resonators with axial-symmetry eshelette surface. It has unique properties, that is, high selectivity with Q-factor been more low than the minimum diffraction Q-f actor of traditional cylindrical resonator. It is caused by more effective output of electromagnetic energy from resonator. Using this resonator gives a possibility to increase very much the power of gyrotrons and make gyrotron operating at high ECR harmonics because of no excitation of low harmonics.
On optimal cavity length of a powerful gyrotron
I. I. Antakov
To maximize the output power of 35-GHz gyrotron with operating TE mode, 021 the length of its cavity was varied. Optimal cavity length corresponding to the peak power of about 300 kW has been found experimentally . In gyro Iron W ith longer cavity output power decreases down to 190 kW due to overbunching of electrons while in gyrotron with shorter cavity power restriction at the I evel of 2 1.0 kW is caused by the self-exitation of spurious high-order axial modes TE52q ( q = 2,3 ) in the region between electron gun and ca:vity, where guide magnetic field is down-tapered.
Experimental study of a 94-GHz multicavity CW Gyroklysthon amplifier
I. I. Antakov
The operating characteristics of a 94-GHz four-cavity CW gyrokiystron are reported. At the TE mil cavity mode output power of 2.5 kH, efficiency 25 gain 30 dB and bandwidth 0.35 "A have been measured at a beam voltage 22 4V and a current 0.4G A. Output power was found to be limited by the beam instability resulting in the non-controlled increasing of the cathode emission.
A noise generator millimeter wavelength range
Victor V. Khodos
The noise generators based on the backward wave oscillator in frequency range 37.5 —178 GHz have been constructed. The noise spectrum width can be regulated within range 1- 10 GHz. The maximal noise temperature is not less 1010 degrees when the spectrum width is 10 GHz.
Millimeter wave solid-state oscillator with a quasioptical metal-dielectrical resonance system
Sergei Kharkovsky
Design and results of solid-state oscillator investigation with the oscillation system in a form of open quasioptical metal- dielectrical resonator (QMDR) are demonstrated in this article. Electrodynamical properties of this system have been considered. The results of the generation investigation of the Gunn oscillator with the single diode are shown. The results mutual synchronization of the oscillations and power summing up of a few diodes are demonstrated too.
Resonant o-type millimeter wave oscillators with the inclined focusing field
E. Odarenko
This report investigates the influence of inclined focusing mag- netic field (MF) on the starting current and efficiency of the reso- nant 0-type oscillators (orotron, laddertron, resonant BWO). Analy- sis is carried out within a two-dimensional model in which the fini- te transverse dimensions of the electron beam and interception of electrons by grating are taken into account. The numerical calcula- tion results bear significant effect of the MF incline angle on the oscillators operatoin characteristics.
Oscillators of stochastic oscillations of the millimeter wave range
V. D. Yeremko
The results of experimental study of mechanisms of transition to chaos for extended structure of BWO type with small reflections are presented. Principles of design of stochastic waves oscillators on the base of overcriticality parameter increasing and using external noise signal for flow modulation are described. The questions of application of noise signals in millimeter spectroscopy are discussed.
The level and advanced development of diffraction radiation generator
Victor P. Shestopalov
The number of small-size highly stable sources of electromagnetic radiation has been developed for the millimeter wave range. For input power of 500 W and magnet clearance of 32 mm, the output power is of 0.5...50 W, the noise level is 20 dB lower than with carcinotron or klystron. Over the past three decades, systematic investigations on development of vacuum-electronic devices of a new class, namely, diffraction radiation generators (DRG) have been in progress in the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Efficient excitation of millimeter-wave electromagnetic oscillations in DRG owes to the Smith-Purcell radiation [1], or diffraction radiation occurring when electron beam skims diffraction grating placed on the reflection surface of one of the mirrors of open resonator (OR) [2]. The key feature of DRG from classical vacuum-electronic devices, apart from its comparatively high power, is the better short-term stability of frequency. Frequency instability of DRG is ',:,d10-10 per tens of microseconds, noise level is 20 dB lower than with carcinotron or klystron with the same supply [3]. Extensive experiments and approximate computational methods were the basis for the design of DRG operating over 30...375 GHz. For the whole millimeter-wave range to be spanned, the set of small-size highly stable DRG packaged into the optimal magnet systems with air clearance of about 32 mm was composed [4]. A tuning range of each device of the set is about of 20%, attainable power and efficiency vary as the square of each device minimum wavelength. With input power less than 500 W 2.4...4.0 kV, I< 0.13 A) the output power is up to 50 W at a frequency of 30 GHz and 0.5 W at 300 GHz [4]. With more powerful electronic sources the output power may be essentially increased. The research into continuous-wave, reflection, pulse, autodyne and other special modes of DRO was taken up to create the devices which, found their use in DRG-spectroscopy, DRG-location, DRG-autodyne studies of plasma and bioobjects as well as in DRG- pumping of dynamic polarized nuclear targets [4]. For the further development of vacuum-electronic devices we focus on maximization of efficiency and output power of DRG, provision of superhighly stable oscillations in DRG, design of wide-band DRG with effective control for power and frequency, development of physical principles and techniques for creation of new diffraction-electronic devices with extended functionalities. Improvement of long-term stability of DRG-frequency may extend essentially its application field. Of practical interest is investigation of DRG mode locking achieved with a lower-frequency driving oscillator of low power and high stability. With advance to the short-wavelength region all the problems become more complicated. But DRG provides the greater scope for their solution than the classical electronic devices. DRG offers essentially increased interaction space and diverse possibilities for forming optimal highly stable fields by varying the type and dimensions of OR mirrors. Spatially developed diffraction gratings and "thick" electron beams with longitudinally-transverse interaction are promising.
Electron signel detection in autodyne diffraction radiation oscillators of millimeter wave
G. P. Ermak
It is Presented the results of investigations of the millimeter wave integrated devices - autudine Diffracti;on Radiation Oscillator (DRO) with electron signal detection, commbining functions of a transmwi~ter and as receiver, Elec-§%-.ron detector extracts signals. directly from the DRG-autodyne E~~~ctron beam. The device is de~igned ~or ~i~gno~~ics of the fusiun pIasma a t v parm~~rs under high IeeIs of the EHF r=-diation and radioact;Lvity Conditions and biophysical rasearches. Such devices, can be designed in the short part n~illime~er and submillimeter wave band.
Morse critical points in diffraction radiation oscillators
V. P. Shestopalov
Experimental investigations of the intermode coupling are carried out. The phenomena of the natural frequency shift of the resonator are explained wging the Morse critical point theory. The mode's couplinc: are realized by mean of the material (mPdium). The interaction i s hot observed in thP strurture without the material because the oscillations coincidence domains are image. Under coupling region are pull together into the Morse rritirA.1 points.
Submillimeter-wave generation from charge oscillations in quantum wells
Martin C. Nuss
We discuss the optoelectronic generation and detection of coherent submillimeter- wave radiation in quantum well structures. This radiation emerges from charge oscillations excited by afemtosecond laser pulse and can be electrically tuned and optically amplitude- and phase-modulated.
One-directional gain and frequency tuning generation of submillimeter radiation due to running wave of amplifying on excition transitions in crystals
Gennadii K. Vlasov
The theory is based on the effects arising when group velocity of subrniilimeter wave equals to the gain running wave velocity in crystals illuminated by two pum-
Development of terahertz radiation sources
W. A. Peebles
IR&T is developing terahertz sources via two distinct routes. First, application of solid-state, quasi-optical techniques is focussed on development of a —600 GHz nonlinear, multiplier source. Second, a compact, optically pumped 2.5 THz far-infrared (FIR) laser is under consideration for application to atmospheric science and diagnosis of magnetic confinement fusion plasmas.
All-electronic free-space subpicosecond pulse generator/detector and its application to a terahertz spectroscopy system
Jeffrey S. Bostak
We have developed an all-electronic free-space subpicosecond pulse generator and detector system. The system uses nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL's) and high-frequency Schottky diodes on gallium arsenide as harmonic multipliers and mixers. With the system, spectral lines extending above 1 THz and tunable to sub-Hz precision are generated and detected.
Frequency tripling of high power far infrared radiation in silicon time-resolved measurements
M. Urban
In the Far Infrared Regime ( FIR ) the linear as well as the nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors are mainly determined by the motion of free carriers ( i.e. electrons in the conduction band for n-doped materials ) caused by the electric field of the incident wave. The measurement of nonlinear optical properties in the FIR thus provides the possibility to investigate nonlinearities of the free electron system, namely the nonparabolicity of the conduction band an the velocity dependance of the scattering time [1]. Since the free electron system is symmetric in space, the tripled frequency is the lowest order harmonic to be generated. The time resolved frequency tripling experiments with high power laser radiation, presented here, are of practical interest for the development of an efficient frequency converter for the FIR. With the availability of an efficient frequency upconversion, powerful microwave sources like gyrotrons could find an application in tokamak plasma diagnostics [2].
Coherent ernmission from electron micropulses
C. R. Jones
A compact electron beam source now in operation at NCCU will be desc:lbed and the millimeter/submillirrieter radiation. generated by the micropulses from this source will be reported.
From p-Ge to quantum well and 2D system-based FIR sources
Alexander A. Andronov
Discussion of prospect for development of semiconductor FIR lasers is given. Recent development in hot hole FIR lasers is presented and three new schemes to achieve FIR stimulated emission in low dimensional semiconductor systems are proposed and evaluated. The schemes are based on the Bloch oscillation in narrow minigap superlattices, on stimulated Smith-Parcel effect due to population inversion of 2-d electron gas in crossed electric and magnetic fields and on streaming of stressed hole in 2-d gas.
Two-stage oscillators of submillimeter waves
V. D. Yeremko
One of the possibilities to design effective vacuum sources of submillimeter waves is considered in the report. Operating regime, allowing to increase some times of dimensions of the region, occupied by high frequency field is described.
Laser generation mechanism of submillimeter range electromagnetic oscillations on p-n junction
V. M. Yakovenko
The longitudinal plasma oscillations in a p-n junction have been investigated. It is shown that in forward biased p-n junction the instability of the oscillations can arise. The conditions on the parameters of a p-n junction and external circuit, which lead to the generation of submillimeter range oscillations, have been formulated.
Submillimeter radiation from quasioptically coupled Josephson junctions
Michael J. Wengler
11 nW of 350 GHz radiation is detected from 2-D arrays of 638 niobium Josephson junctions fabricated at Hypres. I.J.W power devices will be used for submillimeter spectroscopy and as local oscillators for SIS mixers.
Multichannel and retunable barrel-shaped open resonators in microwave
V. N. Derkach
In this report the results of the theoretical analysis and experimental study of the multichannel and retunable Barrel- Shaped Open Resonators (BORs) with large values of relation 2a/X.»1 and r /a»1 , where a and r are equatorial and meridional radius, X is the operating wavelength are discussed.
Electrically retunable ferrite resonator
M. E. Ilchenko, A. G. Yushchenko, S. V. Ekimov
The paper shows the results of designing a high-quality electrically retunable resonator of 8-millimeter wave band. High quality of the reso- nator (unloaded Q is approximately 3000) is conditioned by the tact that electrical retuning of the frequency which is proportional to the elec- tromagnetic field charging in the range from 0 to 0.15 T is carried out by increasing the coupling of frequency-degenerated, high-quality wave- guide-dielectric resonances.
Effects of resonance reflection and energy adsorption in coupled multimode resonators
Anatoly A. Kirilenko
Spectral and diffraction characteristics of two-mode coupled resonators are investigated numerically on strong models. Existence in such structures of total reflection resonances with unique high quality has been found as well as effects of full resonance adsorption of energy of the falling field. Simple analytical model describing the behavior of resonances is presented.
Resonace interaction between a longitudinally slotted circular cylinder and open resnator field
A. A. Vertiy
The results of the theoretical analysis and experimental study of processes of two mirro open resonator matural modes diffraction by longitudinally slotted circular cylinder are discussed. Experiments were made in millimeter wave region. The selective effect on electrical and magnaetical component of the modes field depending on orientation of the slot are observed.
Waveguide stimulation of open resonator with complicated mirrors
O. I. Belous
The rigorous electro-dynamics models of the excitation of the open resonators (OR) with echelette, corner or corner-echelette mirrors and others frequence-selective mirrors are presented in this paper. The decomposition of the OR-at the key blocks (for example: open-ended waveguide, waveguide step, E-plane and H-plane tees, tuper, bifurcated waveguide) is used for the analysis of the oscillation spectrum, the conditions of the mode discrimination and the field configuration.
The ray model of quasi-optical dispersion open resonator with the Echelette mirror: the losses mechanist
O. I. Belous
In conformity with the offered model the field within sphere-echelette open resonator (SEOR) is represented .as a rays. However, the interaction of this rays with echelette surface is described by the terms of the rigorous diffraction theory. The connection is ascertained between the diffraction losses level inside SEOR and the.quantity of elementary ray passage's which form one complete passage. The effect of an abrupt increase of the Q-factor in SEOR under divergence of its excitement regime from the autocollimation regime is discovered experimentally and investigated theoretically.
Connected three mirrors sphere Echelette open resonator for millimeter wave devices
O. I. Belous
The theoretical investigation of the three-mirrors sphere- echelette open resonator (SEOR) was made on the basis of the transducer method. The three-mirrors SEOR consists of two spherical reflectors and one echelette. The axis penetrating from the centers of the spherical reflectors are situated on the perpendicular plane towards the steps of the grating. The correlation is satisfactory between the theoretical and experimental results of analysis. The three mirrors SE0:-. is used for two-frequency Gunn-generator, the resonance mixer a:d the measurement apparatus.
Miniature diffraction radiation generator of increased power with a short-focus open resonator in 58-92 GHz band
A. V. Nesterenko
The opportunity of the use of e small-size short-focus open resonator in the diffraction radiation generator (DGR) has been shown experimentally. An application of the electron beam with a few tens A/cm~ density and a thickness less then 0.1 mm allowed to increase the output pciwer from 2W to 10W in mechanic frequency tuning 58-92GHz band.
Modeling of the weak- relativistic electron beam diffractional radiation in open periodic structures
Ye. A. Myasin
Process of difractional dispersion of the slow waves field in a cylindrical dielectric waveguide (the weak relativistic electron beam emitator )by the coaxial open periodic structures(OPS)was experimentally investigated in the frequencies region of 37 GHz - 66 GHz. It was found out that the OPS resonance properties have place in the frequencies region connected with the birth of -2d and -3d radiated space harmonics. These properties are defined by the OPS geometrical dimensions and are characterized by an ai normal increase of the difractional fields (far and short distances) amplitude. A sharp increase of the connection of the electron beam with the OPS field, and radiation of a big quantity HF - energy,which is taken away from electron beam, were both observed.These results can be a basis for creation of the millimeter waves range powerful amplifiers and oscillators.
A 95 GHz harmonic gyroklystron oscillator
T. Bemis
A 95 GHz, fourth harmonic gyro oscillator is being investigated at Litton. The design uses the advanced centerpost (ACP) gun. This gun produces an axis-encircling beam which interacts with the rf fields in an 8-vaned magnetron cavity. Four of the vanes have slots in their outside diameters that couple into a coaxial cavity. Radiation is extracted from the coaxial cavity by WR-10 waveguide. flux enclosed by the annular cathode was calculated using the first equation (Busch's theorem). The POISSON simulation was adjusted to give this value of flux. The correct position of the solenoid pole piece was vital. It was positioned at the axial position where the conically convergent beam crossed the desired beam radius. Excellant simulation results were achieved with a single sweep of the throw and angle of the beam.
Super high power mm-wavelength band gyroklystrons
A. P. Keyer
The results of work on design of a new class of super high power mm-wavelength band tubes - gyroklystrons are reported. Parameters and characteristics of two types of gyroklystrons in the frequensy range 35 HGz with the operating modes TE02 and TE02 are presented. Both gyroklystrons operate by fundamental harmonic with voltage up to 80 kV. Output power level is more than 500 kw, frequancy band reaches 500 MHz.
Peniomagnetron is submillimeter wave oscillator at the tenth harmonic of cyclotron frequency
Victor D. Yeremko
There are presented the estimations of the possibility to design gyrodevices with peniotron mechanism of an interaction in the submillimeter wave range. It is shown that magnetostatic field profiling in according to the law of throughout gyroresonance allows to obtain at the tenth gyroharmonic high electron efficiency at the acceptable intensities of static and high frequency fields and acceptable dimensions of interaction space.
0.8-mm wavelength oscillator-gyromagnetron
Victor D. Yeremko
The results of numerical simulation of parameters of gyromagnetron operating at high harmonics of cyclotron frequency are presented in the report. It is shown that electron efficiency of 0.8-mm wavelength device at the sixth cyclotron harmonic is 4%.
Chaos in the orotron with two external harmonic signal
Alexander Shmat'ko
Dynamic noise in orotron effected by two signals at the neighboring frequencies is considered theoretically. The range of the chaotic behaviours have been found and studed.
CW clinortrons
E. E. Lysenko
The last results of working out of OW clinotrons are brought. The output power was received by units of watts in short-wave part of millimeter wave band (weight of packed device is 1.2 kg) and hundreds of milliwatts in long-wave part of submillimeter wave band (weight is 12 kg). The compact self-contained cooling system on the basis of heat pipe was created for millimeter clinotrons.
Echelectron is mm and sub nn wave oscillator
V. D. Yeremko
The results of experimental study of new mm and sub mm wave oscillator with two-mirror sphere-angle-echelette resonator and three electron beams are presented in the report. It is shown that in 5 mm wavelength region the oscillator provides output power of a few Watts in continuous regime at heavily rarefied spectrum.
Smith-parcell and cherenkov effect in the nonrelativistic electronics of millimeter and submillimeter ranges
A. I. Tsvyk
The use of Smith-Parcell and Cherenkov radiations of a nonrelativistic electron beam for oscillations of electromagnetic waves excited in an open dielectricresonator with a diffraction grating has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The experiment investigations have been carried out with the specially designed quasioptical analyzer of radiations.
New life of klinotron
G. Ya. Levin
The problem of efficiency enhancing of one of the most low-voltage mm and submm waves oscillation source from 1 percent to 10 percent is set forward and solved. Sufficient, by one order, lowering of operating magnetic field is also reached. An original method and an adequate new technology permits to hope for successful solution. Preliminary results are encouraging.
Submillimeter wave vacuum source
V. E. Kapitonov
There are presented the results of design of the oscillator of the class of "O"-type BWT, namely clynotron of the submillimeter wave range from 0.8 to 1.0 mm with output power of approximately of 60 mW, in the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Such sources find an application in multi-channel interferometer at plasma diagnostics the oscillator.
Oscillators of millimeter and submillimeter wave ranges
V. D. Yeremko
Design principles of electromagnetic oscillations sources with high frequency power take-off in millimeter and sub- millimeter ranges were developed. Physical models, excitation regimes, power characteristics and output parameters of devices are presented.
BWO frequency stabilization using gas absorption line
S. I. Pripolzin
This paper describes systems of backward wave oscillator (BWO) frequency stabilization using the frequency lock on gas absorption lines. Broadband BWO were stabilized on OCS absorption lines in the millimeter wavelength range and on water absorption lines in the submillirneter wavelength range. Two frequency-lock loops (FLL) were used: first FLL - in separate points of frequency band on absorption lines, second FLL - on gas absorption lines with ±100 MHz band of frequency alteration near line. The use of stabilization on gas absorption line improve a long time and short time BWO frequency instability to values _10-8.
Application of the open multi-step slow-wave structures in millimeter and submillimeter wave oscillators
L. M. Buzik
The open multi-step slow-wave structures may support the complex waves, which have nonradiating and radiating components. Application them as oscillatory systems of the 0-type oscillators allows to combine the interaction space and output coupler. Such combination decreases the losses and improves the performance of millimeter and submillimeter wave oscillators.
Solitons in surface wave magnetrons
G. Ya. Levin
The main sign which join three types of magnetrons- MM, superlow voltage CM and Metre-devices is the destribution of the IT fields in interaction space. Their particularity is the autosolution electronics. The main properties of activators and ingibitors have been investigated in the most pure way. The row of new interesting and practically important fenomena have been established including auto- solutions safety under reflection from the border in the original electron devices such as klystron reflected with sircular electron beam and Vimotron".
Investigations of millimeter wave magnetron
Vasily D. Naumenko
The results of investigations and development of millimeter - wave pulsed magnetrons carried out by the Radio Astronomy Institute have been summarized. The use of the interaction mechanism with the spatial harmonic and the secondary emission cathode allowed to create the devices considerably surpassing the existing ones in the mean power level-,and duribility.
Modeling of resonance oscillating systems for millimeter waves magnetrons
Dmitry M. Vavriv
The strict electrodynamic approach to the determination of main characteristics peculiar suggested and grounded. The influence of geometry and quantity of considered natural waves on the accuracy with which the natural frequencies of oscillating systems have been investigated. The boundaries within which the hybrid model is used have been found.
About appearance of the spurious oscillations in mm BWO
V. A. Rakityansky
In this paper are considered the some mechanisms of appearance of the spurious oscillations in the spectfum of millimeter BWO oscillations. it is possible for working current more than 61st when the amplitude automodulation of the oscillations is developed. Second way is the excitation of the first passband oscillations of the oscillatory system. In this case the discontinuity of the electron tuning of the frequency is possible even though there are the good matching of the slow-wave structure.
Sources of intensive mm noise oscillations based on BWO
K. A. Lukin
In this paper a method of creation of millimeter random signal sources using dynamic properties of backward wave oscillators is considered. Causes are studied to be prevented from realization of the great values of working-current to starting- current ratio for this band. Using of the low-quality factor oscillatory systems for effective interaction increase is proposed. Peculiarities of chaotic oscillation extension in weak-resonant BWO are studied and the technical specifications of the designed random oscillation sources of millimeter wave band are presented.
Autodyne effect in bwo operating in chaotic behavior
K. A. Lukin
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate new possibilities of using of autodyne effect, of noise oscillators for many applications in measuring instruments. Experiments has carried out with millimeter wave noise signals.
BWO spectrometry of composite structures
R. Brazis
Highly absorbing material parameters (water solutions, semiconducting solids etc) are shown to be determined with the use of tunable backward wave oscillator (BWO) spectrometry employing interface mode propagation.
Traveling wave amplifier using "vp x b" effect
Xiaoxi Xu
In recent studies of linacs, a static magnetic field which applied perpendicular to the direction of wave progation is introduced in a 1in.ac so that particles are deflected across a wave front and thereby prevented from out-running the wave. In this way, the particles may be accelerated to arbitrarily high energy as they ride along the wave fronts. Sugihara and Midzunol and Dawson et al2 have shown that. the particles trapped by the wave of frequency w and phase velocity vp see an electric field (vp x B) which aiccelera:es them parallel to the wave front until the vp x B force is large enough for detrapping. This mechanism has been •introduced by Katsouleas and Dawson3, and named "vr, x B acceieration' by Nishida, et a14. The experiment of a "vp x B" linear accierator has also been reported5.
Dymanics of rheologic parameters of water system in low-intensity millimeter wave fields
Ye. A. Andreyev
Present work is devoted to study of the influence of low-intensity radiation rheologiq parameters of water and water solutions of nicotinamid-dinucleid (NADH), which plays important role in energy transformation processes in aliveorganism. The spectrum of intensity of thermal fluctuation of the free surface of liquid on different spatial frequencies is measured using optical heterodyning method. Water solustion of NADH is modeled by low-viscositty Newton liquid using Navier-Stockes and noncompressibility equations system. Of is shown that surface tension and the viscosity of surface layer of water and water solutions depend on kinetics of air oxygen diffusion in liquid. Shape of capillary waves dispersion characteristics indicates the possibility of existence of macroscopic(0,2-0,3mm) weak-bounded agueous associates on the liquid surface. These dynamic structures are sensitive to convection influence and to external low intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency (EUF EMR).
Resonance effects of millimiter wave electromagnetic radiation on spin-spin proton interaction characteristics in water media
Yevgueni A. Andreyev
An influence of low intensity mm-wavelehgth radiation on spin-spin relaxation time T2 of protons in oxygen aqueous solutions was studied. Oxygen was brought in the system by the catalytic decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. An own heterogeneity of relaxometer's magnetic field was used to observe the dynamics of medium's diffusive characteristics. The value of the slow component of the magnetization's decreasing of the induced signal was shown to depend in sharp resonance way on the external electromagnetic field's frequency under the power density P<1 mcVt/cm2- While rising up the power density to 5.0 mcVt/sm2- in the same frequency range, the increasing of spin-spin relaxation time dispersions observed.
Possible physical mechanisms of primary reception of low-intensity (p<10-8 w/cm2) millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation by biological systems
Ye. A. Andreyev
Analyzed are the results of research into effects of low-intensity millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation on rheological variables, characteristics of spin-lattice and spin-spin interaction of protons of water media that are used to simulate low-molecular liquid homeostasis of biological systems. A hypothesis is set forth that collective states of the proton subsystem have effect on the primary reception of millimeter waves by biological systems.
Special features of radio-brightness millimeter wave radiation from some water systems in the biologically significant range of physical temperatures
S. P. Sit'ko
A highly sensitive millimeter wave radiometer was used to study dependence of a visible radio-brightness temperature on the physical temperature for water and the systems simulating low-molecular liquid homeostasis of biological systems. Non-monotonous dependence of radio-frequency radiation power being recorded for various systems shows its prominent role in self-consistent forming of the medium physical characteristics.
Clinical and biological aspects of efficacy of microwave resonance therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis cases
I. V. Fedotova
The paper deals with data on the results of the treatment of 680 cases of osteomyelitis with variously located purulent processes. Effects of microwave resonance therapy in the preoperative course are covered.
Medical and biological insight into the concept of quantum medicine fundamentals
E. V. Binyashevsky
The paper deals with the concept of the structure of quantum medicine and the place microwave resonance therapy occupies therein. Analyzed is a phenomenon of medical and biological insight into the efficacy of microwave resonance therapy in the system of hierarchy of biological structures and their functions.
Microwave resonance therapy in psychiatrics
V. A. Yudin
Discussed are clinical data of the treatment of circular psychosis (depressive phase) in alcoholics as well as the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia, epilepsy and neuroses with methods of quantum medicine proposed by Prof. S.P. Sit'ko. Compared with pharmaceutical methods efficacy is proved to increase by 15-20%.
Low intensity millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation influence upon nuclear-lattice interaction parameters in water media
Ye. A. Andreyev
There were studied a behaviour of aqueous solutions contained the oxygen. These solutions simulated the low-molecular liquid homeostasis of human organism. A radical influence of an environment parameters variations on the nature of physical interaction between oxygen and water molecules in the presence of an 02 supercritical concentration was shown. Transformations of the "free" and "connected" H2O fractions were controlled by environment parameters, in particular, by low-intensity millimeter wave (MMW) band electromagnetic radiation (EMR). In spite of strong water absorption of MMW, the water medium surface structure variations embraced the whole volume. This phenomenon showed a strong specific nature of an influence factor.
Application of mm-range electromagnetic radiation as the modulator of the organism
Boris Ugarov
The investigations carried out over the last twenty years have made it possible to fond other fields of the application of the mm-range, specifically, in medicine. A new method of treatment on the basis of low intensity microwaves has been developed. The method has received the name of microwave resonance therapy (MRT).
Microwave resonance therapy in prophylaxis of cancers
L. N. Mkrtchyan
Use of quantum medicine method by Prof. S.P. Sit'ko experimentally with animals and with 156 patients of the Yerevan oncologic center proved that microwave resonance therapy sharply increases organisms resistivity to neoplasms in patients with gastric disorders. Proposed prophylaxis procedures are being described.
Microwave resonance therapy in treatment of gout
L. L. Sumskoy
Gout is a recurrent acute arthritis of peripheral joints which results from deposition, in and about the joints and tendons, of crystals of monosodium urate from supersaturated hyperuricenic body fluids. Microwave resonance therapy, as nonpharmaceutical method of treatment, is recommended. It provides for relieving pain during 24 hours and for reducing the course of treatment.
Microwave resonance therapy in medical practice
L. L. Sumskoy
Consideration is being given to the problems of orczanizing treatment of patients with quantum medicine methods by Prof. S.P. Sifko at 528 clinics in Ukraine and Russia. Analyzed are teaching of doctors and treatment of 250,000 patients for 82 nozologic cases in 1990 through 1993.
Microwave resonance therapy in sarcoidosis management
T. N. Shulga
Quantum medicine methods by Prof. S.P. Sit'ko were the first in the world practice to be used for the treatment of this disease. Analysis is being given of the treatment process and criteria for recovery are being evaluated.
Immunodeficiency disorders and treatment
O. V. Kamenetskaya
Chronic diseases result from defects in the immune system. Consideration is being given to the recovery of an immunoreaction in patients treated with quantum medicine methods by Prof. S.P. Sit'ko. The methods are evaluated as to outlook.
Microwave resonance therapy in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers
B. P. Grubnik
Combined is an experience in drawing up schedules for treating patients with methods of quantum medicine proposed by Prof. S.P. Sit'ko. Duration of remission has been analyzed in 6000 patients for the period beginning 1986. Treatment results supported by fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy are evaluated.
The electrodynamics of conventional and high temperature superconductors
G. Grüner
I will contrast the eleczodynarnics as explored by experiments in the millimeter wave spectre range, of conventional superconductors, such as Pb and Nb and high temperature superconductors. While in the low temperature superconductors the response is in full agreement with predictions based on the BCS ground state, significant differences between theory and experiments are observed for high temperature superconductors. The possible reason for this behavior will be digcussed,
Aspects of proximity effect in tunneling and point contact spectroscopies of high critical temperature superconductors
A. Di Chiara
Basic properties of high critical temperature superconductors resulting from spectroscopies on different types of junctions are reviewed. A point of view of non-homogeneous superconductivity is used to discuss some interesting aspects for the physics and applications of these materials.
Residual loss lin high-Tc superconductors from microwave to infrared frequencies
P. L. Richards
We have measured the low temperature loss in epitaxial films of high-Tc oxide superconductors over a' factor 3000 in frequency. Submillirneter measurements from 25 to 700 cm-1 were made at 21( by a novel direct absorption technique in which the film acts as the absorbing element in a composite bolometric detector. Microwave measurements near 10 GMz (0.3 cwt) were made on many of the same elms by resonance techniques at 4K. The absorptivities measured for YBaCuO (123) films are qualitatively similar, increasing smoothly with frequency, with no gap-like features below the well known absorption edge at 450 cm-1. A successful three parameter fit can be interpreted either in terms of a weakly coupled grain model or a homogeneous two-fluid model with residual normal conductivity. The fitting parameters correspond to a grain penetration depth A.g equal to the muon spin relaxation value of 140 nm, and to reasonable grain properties. They also give carrier densities in reasonable agreement with optically determined plasma frequencies and conductivities in agreement with a Kramers-Krortig analysis of the absorptivity data. Qualitatively similar behavior was observed in films of TiCaBaCuO (222310 and 212.28). Films of BKBO, by contrast, show a BCS-like energy gap.
Studies of vortex dynamics in hts and conventional amorphous superconductors using a sapphire ring resonator
N.-C. Yeh
Vortex critical dynamics of superconducting amorphous Mo3Si films are investigated at microwave frequencies from 8 to 19 GHz by using a high-Q sapphire ring resonator at the whispering gallery (WG) modes. It is found that the microwave surface resistance R3 in the vortex-state of a-Mo3Si follows the scaling relation R3 e- 611(2-2).R „(I), where 6 E 11— (TITm)I, TM (H) is the vortex-glass melting temperature in a constant magnetic field H, R3 is a scaling function, f _---F-_- fb-" , and v P.,- 2/3, z :::.: 3.0 are the static and dynamics exponents associated with the vortex- glass transition1'2. In contrast, the vortex dynamics at microwave frequencies for high-temperature superconductors (HTS) such as Nd1.85Ce0.15Cu0.4 and YBa2Cu307 is associated with vortex depinning and diffusion1'2'3 rather than the critical dynamics of the vortex-glass transition1'2. Physical quantities associated with the viscous motion of vortex-liquid in high-temperature superconductors are derived from the microwave measurements.
Submillimeter wave and dc resistance characterization of niobium carbide superconducting films
A. D. Semenov
In the seventies superconducting and phonon properties of transition-metal carbides were intensively studied1-3. Relatively high superconducting transition temperature of Nb, Zr, and Ta based carbides were related to strong phonon anomalies4. Recently interest to these materials has been renewed due to the progress in synthesizing of thin superconducting NbC films', which exhibit rather good reproducibility and a superconducting transition temperature nearly as high as in bulk niobium carbide. In this paper we report on a submillimeter and dc resistance characterization of NbC films with emphasis on estimates of the electron- phonon coupling constant A.
Low temperature FTIR spectroscopic studies of lanthanum sulfate in the far infrared region
M. Arora
Distinction of lattice and coordinated water molecules in lanthanum sulfate nonahydrate could be made through the study of its librational and translational modes at low temperatures by FTIR spectroscopy. Potential force constants for different modes have been calculated. Rare earth compounds play important role in high Tc superconductors.
Nonlinear properties of high temperature superconductor skin-layer
I. N. Oleinik
A propagation of high frequency electromagnetic wave of sub- millimeter range is considered in high temperature superconduc- tors. The consideration is based on the phenomenological Pheinman model. It is shown that due to the inhomogeneity of electric field E, which penetrates for leondon depth, Cooper pairs are ac- ted on ejecting force F= -771El. The latter causes an electric current in a short electric circuit.
Analysis of the coupling between a whispering-gallery mode dielectric resonator and a microstrip line
N. Chen
The external quality factor of a Whispering-Gallery(WG) modes die- lectric disc resonator coupled to a microstrip line is evaluated using an approximate approach. The effects of varying the location of the resonator on the coupling are studied.
Carm experiments using cold cathodes
S. J. Cooke
This paper will deal with the latest results from a cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) experiment currently under development at Strathclyde University. The CARM interaction promises to provide a means to achieve high power, high frequency radiation in the mm-wave region. Its advantages for this purpose arise from the large Doppler frequency upshift over gyrotron devices and the autoresonant nature of the interaction, leading to high efficiency and low magnetic field operation. Much interest in the CARM oscillator has been introduced with the success of recent experiments'''.
A quasi-optical resonant ring for high-power ech window testing
T. S. Bigelow
A quasi-optical version of the waveguide resonant ring is under development for testing high-power waveguide windows and components used in electron cyclotron heating (ECH) of plasmas and similar applications. A low-loss resonant ring can produce traveling waves at power levels typically 10 times greater than the input power. A quasi-optical version of the resonant ring is proposed by using oversized waveguide (smooth wall or corrugated), miter bends, and bellows for adjusting the ring length into resonance. This scheme will be useful for testing windows and other low-loss components at several times the available source power level. Off-line testing of windows using presently operating, lower-power gyrotrons will greatly simplify the development of higher power gyrotrons and barrier windows.
Characterization of microwave processed material for use as gyrotron window application
T. T. Meek
A novel approach to the design of a window for the Gyrotron tube is discussed in this paper. Material fabricated has been characterized and its microstructure will be presented.
High power impulse generation using lateral stacked nonlinear transmission line
H. Shi
High power impulse generators, with picosecond pulse duration, are very important for wide band radar application. By constructing a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) with a novel lateral stacking configuration and barrier stacked heterojunction devices, we report that impulses with up to 35 V pulse amplitude, which is equivalent to 12 W for a 50 SI line, and r:.1 8.5 ps FWHM pulse duration can be achieved. Lateral stacking can double or triple the signal amplitude, depending on the level of lateral stacking introduced. Calculations show that for a NLTL with a final pulse width > 8 ps, we can laterally stack up to a factor of two without introducing significant parasitics. In addition, we can quasi-optically power combine the output of four such lines on a 2 inch wafer, resulting in 48 W total output power. In proof-of-principle experiments, two single lines have been designed and will be fabricated. One is a 40 section tapered coplanar strip line with the first 28 sections employing the lateral stacked structure and bow-tie antennas as input and output. The input is a signal with 18 V amplitude and pulse width between 100 ps to 200 ps, while the predicted output is an impulse with 26 V amplitude 6.76 W) and 8 ps pulse duration. The second line is a 30 section tapered coplanar wave guide, suitable for probing, with input signal of 22 V amplitude and 100 to 200 ps pulse duration and the predicted output signal of 35 V amplitude (e:i 12.3 W) and 20 ps pulse duration.
Rigorous computation of FIN line higher order modes by using singular value decomposition in immittance approach
Tahar Kezai
Unilateral fin line higher order modes are computed in a way which leads to their fast location and ensures that the desired accuracy is achieved. Singular Value Decomposition is introduced in spectral domain Inunittance Approach to obtain the propagation coefficients of higher order and evanescent modes. By doing so, problems related to poles are eliminated and the accuracy is improved. Numerical results are compared to theoretical and experimental results, and show an excellent agreement.
Finite element analysis of bent graded-index planar dielectric waveguide
Xinzhang Wu
Millimeter wave and optical wave integrated circuits have made significant progress recently. However, device development has been limited by a lack of fundamental understanding in many areas. The propagation characteristics including modal solutions of bent dielectric waveguide are in need of basic research. Many methods (including analytical methods and numerical methods) have been utilized for the analysis of this problem; however, they are either approximate or are computationally intensive. [11.[31 In comparison, a new numerical approach based on the finite element method is proposed in this paper. Rigorous functional expression that include the gradient index is derived from Maxwell's equations in local bent coordinate system. After the finite element discretization of the local field, the generalized algebatic eigenvalue problem is obtained by the variational approach; and then, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the bent dielectric waveguide can be obtained. Fig.1 shows the bent graded-index dielectric waveguide in the local bent coordinate system (x,y,$). We assume that the electromagnetic fields are invariant in the y direction, thus TE modes and TM modes can be considered independently in the structure. The solutions of the eigenmodes can be obtained from the following scalar wave equation
He11 corrugated waveguide for Ka-band communucations
J. L. Doane
HE11 corrugated waveguide for Ka-band communications corrugated waveguides with ohmic losses of 2 dB/100 m and compact bends with under 0.1% mode conversion at 28 to 30 GHz are described. Design, fabrication, and applications to Ka-band earth stations are discussed.
Analysis of suspended stripline step discontinuities
Cam Nguyen
A frequency dependent analysis of suspended stripline step discontinuities using the mode matching technique is presented. Numerical results of scattering parameters are presented in microwave as well as in millimeter-wave frequencies.
Recent work on coplanar waveguide discontinuities and broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides
Cam Nguyen
This paper presents recent work on coplanar waveguide (CPW) step discontinuities and broadside-coupled CPW for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MIC's and MMIC's) using the full-wave mode-matching and spectral- domain methods. Various numerical results are presented and discussed. It has been found that the broadside-coupled CPW has a very weak dispersion, a desirable feature for wide-band microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MIC's and MMIC's) and high-speed digital integrated circuits.
Pico-second pulse propagation on planar transmission lines
J. R. Souza
The effects of planar transmission line dispersion, as well as dielectric and ground plane losses, on the propagation of pico-second electric pulses are investigated. For this purpose, the Spectral Domain Approach (SDA) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) are used, to operate in the frequency and time domain, respectively. It is observed that the transmission line dispersion is the main cause for distortion of the pulses, while the material losses are mainly responsible for signal attenuation. It is also observed that the dispersive nature of the transmission line can be used with advantage to reshape asymmetrical pulses, and to compress wide pulses. The results of this study find applications on quasi-optical circuits and optical short pulse generation.
Propagation of elecrtomagntic wave in dielectric waveguide being in magnetized semiconductor plasma
Z. E. Eremenko
It is shown that in the dielectric waveguide being in semiconductor plasma waveguide modes may be propagate under the definite conditions. Their velocity and absorbtion strongly depends on the external magnetic field. This fact may be used for the creation of attenuators and delay lines of millimeter and infrared signals by controlled the magnetic field.
A new coupler/balanced mixer configuration for a simple 24 GHz doppler radar
Wolfgang Menzel
Design and results of a novel 24 GHz coupler/balanced mixer configuration for Doppler radar applications is described. This arrangement provides, at the same time, the function of a TR diplexer and the coupling device for a balanced mixer. In this way, very compact and low cost integrated Doppler modules can be realized.
Spectrum analyzis of the poliharmonical microwave signals of mm-wave band with the use of the Josephson junction
S. Y. Larkin
For the purpose of studing the microwave parameters of the thermonuclear plasma, radioastronomic applications, ets, the wide-band high-sensitive high-speed spectrum analyzers, radiometers, and receivers are required which operate in the frequency range of 50-300 GHz and higher. The existing techniques have a number of disadvantages. Thus, the high-speed heterodyne receivers are rather narrow-band ones, therefore, to cover the whole millimeter-wave band, complex multichannel systems should be designed. On the other hand, the wide-band Fourier spectrometers are very inertial and complex systems and have great losses in the long-wave portion of the millimeter-wave band. The wide-band high-sensitive spectroscopic technique has been proposed earlier [1,2]. This technique is based on ultra-wide band and very high sensitivity of the principle transformer, i.e. Josephson junctions. A series of experimenrs on the microwave signal spectral analyzis using Josephson junctions has been carried out earlier [1,2,3].
Hot-electron superconducting mixers for 20-500 GHz operation
A. Dzardanov
Bolometric mixers based on Nb and NbN superconducting thin films in the resistive state have been prepared for 20, 100 GHz and 350-500 GHz operation. The mixing mechanism is presumably of electron heating origin. Our measurements indicate that a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB can rather easily be achieved, and that the noise is reasonably low. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are discussed. For NbN films the availability of nearly 1 GHz IF bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated. NbN hot-electron mixers combined with slot-line tapered antenna on Si membrane or with double-dipole antenna on SiO2 substrate have been fabricated. The devices we study are considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers from microwaves to terahertz frequencies.
Subharmonically pumped thz mixers employing resonant metal mesh bandpass filters
David W. Porterfield
The performance of receivers incorporating subharmonically pumped mixers is presented over the signal frequency (RF) range of 585 GHz to 2.1 THz. The mixers employ whisker contacted Schottky barrier diodes in corner cubes. Free standing resonant metal mesh bandpass filters are used to suppress fundamental mode mixing by blocking signals at fLo ± fw while allowing second harmonic mixing by passing radiation at 2fLo ± ff. The spectral performance of the mesh filters is presented and fabrication techniques are briefly discussed. Comparisons are made to similar fundamental mode mixers.
Microwave wideband frequencymeter using Josephson junctions
S. E. Anischenko
Several methodological approaches to the frequency measurements usig the Josephson junctions as a mesurement element were presented earlier W. Basing on the fact that irradiating the junction with the monochromatic microwave signal, the voltage U in the region of the 1st "Shapiro step" in its I-V characteristic is proportional to the frequency F of this signal [2]:
Dc-to-180 GHz harmonic mixers for broadband millimeter-wave instrunentation
A. M. Schitov
Many types of harmonic mixers (1- and 2-channel) are designed for use with mm-wave radio measuring equipment. Five types of waveguide mixers cover frequency range from 26 to 180 0Hz. The mixer of coaxial type covers 0-40 0Hz. 36 to 120 0Hz mixer with wideband input wavegui- de of II-form section is designed.
Research of vme photosensitive detector
Changchun Zhu
The negative-affinity condition means that electrons at the bottom of the conduction band have more energy than free electrons just outside the surface. Such a condition has been obtained on several semiconductors, and is usually achieved by cleaning the surface under high vacuum and treating it with cesium, and sometimes oxygen. The structure of dc forward GaAs p-n junction emitter is shown in Figl, whose p-surface is activated to a state of negative electron affinity (NEA). When the junction is forward biased, electrons are injected into the p-region, as shown in Fig2. They diffuse to the surface and can be emitted into the vacuum.E1H23
Electroacoustic sensor of millimeter radiopulses electric field
A. V. Ermolenko
The electric field strength microwave sensor of powerful single radio pulses is described. Dielectric acoustic conductor of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) is used, it has the nonlinear electroacoustic properties with two transducers. The first (nonlinear) transducer is affected by the electric field of microwaves exciting the SAW due to nonlinear effects. Delayed SAW signal carrying information about the electric field strength is received by linear interdigital transducer.
Form effect and increase of mm detector sensitivity
A. I. Vakser
Form effect can cause the increase of sensitivity of ,171 detector based on ME wave inhomogeneous electron heating. The aforesaid takes place in detectors in which sensitive elemeats have tapered form. -,::eas- ured T 2 radiation has to fall on wide face of the detector and dark (aarrow) end is cooled up to the cryo7enic temperatures.
Quasioptical Josephson direct detectors for mm-wave spectrum analysis
M. A. Tarasov
Josephson detector in the selective response mode is a promising device for wideband sensitive quick spectrum analysis. It allows to detect spectral lines with resolution of the order 1 GHz. The specific feature of such mode is that it is sensitive only to the narrow spectral lines and the wideband radiation does not make contribution into the output signal. Further processing by Hilbert transform method allows to plot spectrum of ncoming signal. Th1/2 ultimate temperature of selective Josephson detector, according to should be TN=2Tr T=15K at helium temperatures, spectral resolution for 50 junctions array of the order of 10 MHz and the sensitivity of 1 10-15W. The bandwidth of the device without duplicated response at subharmonics and harmonics equals to octave.
Experimental comparison between millimeter wave superconducting detectors with metallic and tunnel conductance
A. V. Poladich
We report the microwave response at 43 GHz of new edge-ovelap type NbN thin film junctions with Ti barrier and lead tunnel junctions the best of which can show ampere-watt sensitivity near quantum limit e/hv. Their use in practical mm-wave detectors is discussed.
Living systems as macroscopic quantum-mechanical subjects having self-consistent synergetical mm-wave electromagnetical potential
Sergey P. Sit'ko
The investigations being carried out convince us of cardinal differences between biological effects of millimeter electromagnetic radiation (MMER) and other effects including electromagnetic fields of other wavelengths. The difference consists in that the regularities being studied do not fit in the framework of traditional ideas about an interaction of electromagnetic radiation with condensed media. Such regularities are, first of all, as follows:
L-histidine energetic spectrum in submillimeter range
G. I. Dovbeshko
We present the results of the research of Raman spectra (RS), far-infrared (FIR) spectra of L-histidine (L-His) amincacid single crystal and polycrystalline films in the range 6-250 cm-1. L-His spectra were also registered by submillimeter spectrometer in the range of 3-33 cm-1. Some of the lines we observed for the first time.
Holographic investigations of mm-wave action upon organic and bioorganic liquids
G. I. Dovbeshko
The effect of low-intensity (4 mW/mm2) electromagnetic radiation (37.5-78.5GHz) upon the organic liquids and solutions of biological molecules was investigated by holographic interferometry. Detected reflection index changes (5-10.-5-5-10-4) were caused mainly by thermal heating in case of organic liquids and by molecular orientations in case of hioorcranic liquids.
Resonance response of vibrational transitions in aminoacid crystals to millimeter radiation
L. I. Berezhinsky
The results of study of resonance infrared absorption of millimeter radiation in the range of 37-75 GHz by p-alanine and a-crlycine monocrystals have been presented. More than 20 resonances with the halfwidths from 50 to 80 MHz were observed. Thus, the aminoacids could be used as sensors of millimeter wave radiation.
Mm-wave radiation effect on erythrocyte sedimentation rate in donors and in patients with different pathologies
G. S. Litvinov
Electromagnetic radiation C EMR ) action (54-76 GHz) on the blood samples in vitro were studied by detection of erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ). Attempts were made to explain the mechanism of EMR action on blood involving ESR changes. ESR could be used as test-system for mm-wave EMR detection in medicine.
Application of millimeter waves for immune status correction
G. S. Litvinov
The influence of low-intensity millimeter wave (MMW) radiation ( in the frequency range of 53,37-73,33 GHz ) on immune status of patients was studied. From obtained data it is evident that MMW action at low radiation power of 10-'4W/cm2 results in stimulation of organism immune status which is expressed in rehabilitation of functional state of blood cells.
Coherent microwave electromagnetic field as a physical model of multicellular organism macroscopic quantum states
Vasiliy V. Gizhko
Analysis of semiclassic theory of radiation interaction is done in respect to the millimeter range wave lengths and water milien of biological objects. General characteristics of electromagnetic limit cicles are analysed with respect to the peculiarity of human anatomy, the correspondence between these characteristics and laws of classical acupuncture system topography is determined. General conditions of multycellular organism's stability on all of development stages are formulated as a space quantum conditions for eigen electromagnetic field's states.
Statistical approach to definition of the human organism states' vector and dynamics of the states under MRT treatment
Sergey P. Sit'ko
In this paper an approach to the definition and representation of clinically observed states of organism is considered. These states are found out by the observations on the set of indexes measured in clinical conditions dynamics. A matrix approach to quantum systems' investigation and its interpretation in terms of statistical means of experimental data analysis, especially the methods of factor analysis makes up the formal logic of organism's states-vectors definition according to measurable indexes. Within limits of these interpretations the organism state is determined by limited sets of two or three latent (not observed directly) parameters (LP).
Microwave resonance therapy in malignant tumors prevention
L. N. Mkrtchian
It is evident that cancer control is not only the further improvement of surgical, radiation and medicamentous methods of treatment which are now at acme of their possibilities. Nowadays, the preventive oncology is especially urgent.
Medical application of microwave resonance therapy (MRT)
N. F. Vasilenko
Microwave resonance therapy based on applying EHF-band electromagnetic radiation (EM- radiation) to accupuncture points has bin used on 3000 duodenal ulcer patients and 78 gastric ulcer patients aged from 14 to 76, 73% being men and 27% - women. The length of illness and duration of Haudek's niche end treatment effectiveness were monitored in all cases by fibrogastroducodenoskopy. The sizes of the ulcers detected before treatment ranged from 0.4 to 3 cm in diameter.
The discovery of a technique to measure the spatial profile of microwave frequency superconducting current densities
J. C. Culbertson
We have discovered that the optically induced shift in the resonance frequency of a resonant superconducting device is proportional to the square of the local superconducting current density. Using rapidly modulated, highly focused light sources, such measurements, performed as a function of position, can be useful in the study and design of superconducting devices.
The high-frequency hall effect in YbCo thin films
Steven Spielman
Time-domain spectroscopy is a powerful probe of the electrical response of high-Tc thin films in the millimeter and submillimeter regime. The ability to measure both the real and imaginary parts of the response without Kramers-Kronig analysis is particularly useful in understanding the dynamics of the superconducting state. We have recently designed a time- domain spectrometer which operates in conjunction with a superconducting magnet-cryostat in order to measure the change in the resistivity with field. Using this system we have measured the resistivity tensor of YBCO as a function of frequency from 100 to 800 GHz in a field of 0 to 6 Tesla. We interpret these results in terms of the combined vortex and quasiparticle response in the mixed state, and we believe we have made the first observation of the Hall response of quasiparticles at temperatures well below T.
Measurement of the surface impendance of superconducting thin films by a microstrip resonator technique
A. Andreone
The surface impedance Zs of a superconductor is an important parameter for both basic science and technological applications. From a basic point of view, the study of Zs as a function of temperature, frequency and magnetic field may provide significant informations on the underlying mechanism of loss, on the simmetry of the ground state and on the dynamics of the r.f. absorption. From a technological point of view, Zs is a relevant figure of merit for the homogeneity of the material and for superconducting devices. We report here measurements of the temperature, frequency and input power dependence of the surface resistance and penetration depth of superconducting thin films using an annular microstrip resonator operating in the microwave region. The technique allows to measure surface resistance values as low as 1µS2 and penetration depth variations as small as 1 A.
Y-Ba-Cu-O microstrip resonators on sapphire substrates
O. D. Pustylnik
We have measured very low microwave losses in Y-Ba-Cu-O fifth wave ring resonators. We deposited the Y-Ba-Cu- O film on (1012) non-buffered sapphire substrates and patterned microwave circuites. High-Tc microstrip resonators demonstrated best Q-factor greater then 800 at 31 GHz, corresponding to surface resistances less than 3,0 mOhm. Indetical copper resonator showed Q's of 500 and surface resistance of 27 mOhm. We show that the losses in the high loss samples can be accounted for by the presence of small fractions of c-axis-aligned grains highly misapplied in the plane of those films. Volume fraction of highly misagned c-axis-oriented grains as 3% lead to losses above 3 mOhm.
K-band microstrip filters fabricated from high-Tc superconducting thin films on non-buffered sapphire substrates
Oleg Pustylnik
High-quality Y-Ba-Cu-O films on non-buffered sapphire substrates was obtained. Microwave devices fabricated from films on non-buffered sapphire have included an K-Band modified three-pole Chebyschev filter having an insertion loss of 1,2 dB at 60 K. The HTS filter was designed to be a 5 % bandwidth. Our filters out perform similar copper microstrip filters, indicating that practical levels of HTS performance have been achieved.
Millimeter waves interference method for measuring critical temperature of cluster superconductors
S. G. Yastrebov
The method of direct measurement of the critical temperature (To) of superconductor films has been proposed and the measurements have been carried out at microwave frequencies. The method is based on the observation of the interference of direct and reflected waves from the sample under investigation. The Te and Tc of copper doped amorphous carbon samples have been measured.
A dual channel optically pumped FIR laser system for plasma diagnostics
B. W. Davis
A dual output optically pumped FIR laser system for plasma diagnostics has been developed and operated at 184um and 433um. Powers in excess of 300mW per channel have been achieved at I84um with amplitude stabilities of better than +1- 2 %. The two FIR output beams can be tuned to provide intermediate difference frequencies in the range 500kHz to 1.5M Hz with stabilities of +/- 10kHz. The system and test results will be presented.
Submillimeter laser interferoemeter-polarimeter for plasma diagnostics
Yu. E. Kamenev
There. are presented. the resalts of investigation of the hornotTne laser interfe- rtameter-polarimeter P.m uncle on the quasioptical element basis and designed for the synchronous determination of the plasna electronic density ne and the poloidal magnetic field B in "'TOKAMAK" mountings of the thermataucleax synthesis.
Application of non-coherent reflectometry method for a plasma diagnostic
K. A. Lukin
The paper describes the method called a non-coherent ref lectometry technique. using this method we are able to provide a high precision of the measurement of the fusion plasma cut-off layer position and its microfluctuations simultaneously. The method is based on the application of the mm-wave narrow-band noise signal and its spectral processing. Two modification of the the method are discussed.
Two-dimensional analytic model of microwave scattering by density and magnetic field fluctuations
A. Mase
A 2D solution of full-wave equation is obtained considering both density and magnetic field fluctuations. X-mode polarization change mode conversion is discussed as well as possible applications to reflectometry of magnetic fusion devices.
The measurement chamber for liquid dielectrics
E. V. Izhyk
The design of measurement chamber for liquid dielectrics with high absorbtion (distilled water and solution of the saccharose) is described. The output was measured by scan in range 37+47 GHz with the round and rectangular waveguides. The layer of liquid was varied from 0.8 to 1.0 mm.
Millimeter wave dielectric strip waveguides using ferrites and semiconductors
V. V. Meriakri
Low loss ferrite and semiconductor devices based on dielectric strip waveguides were manufactured. They included attenuators, phase shifters, switches, dividers, couplers, some of them optically and electrically controlled. They are employe in several millimeter wave systems.
Calculation of microstrip structures by the r-function method
V. V. Veretelnik
Efficient algorithms for calucating primary electrodynamic parameters of intricately shaped millimeter-band microstrip structures, waveguides, and resonators are developed on the basis of R-function theory.
Measurement of sand-powders and analogical analysis on sandstorm at w band
Shuyi Dong
Dielectric constant of sand—powders sampled from desert area have been measured at W band by means of waveguide method. The algorithm about equivalent dielectric constant of analogical sandstorm have been dis- cussed. It is very useful to test the sand—powders of the desert sample at laboratory,to make analogical analysis of sandstorm and to research the effects of sandstorm in desert area upon electric wave propagations.
Calculation of open slotted structures with layered dielectric filling
Youri V. Shestopalov
The methods of the spectral theory of operator-valued functions (OVF) are applied as universal technique for solving the problems of norrnal waves (NW) and fundamental frequencies (FF) of open slotted cylindrical structures with layered dielectric filling. Analytical formulas for FF and propagation constants are obtained.
Planar spiral in three-layer dielectric
K. P. Yatzuk
In the earlier publication1 it was shawn, that for symmetric exitation of the planar spiral the main part of the source power goes to the surface wave and a negligible small to the space wave.BesIdes it was emphasised that the system properties may radically be changed for spiral with a few dielectric layers.But real microwave radiator for gyperthermia investigations has 3 layers of dielectric.For this reason we inwestigated the exitation of the planar spiral in three-layr dielletric both for symmetric and assymmetric regimes.
A coordinate transformation for analysing the taped rectangular transmission line
Kama Huang
Electromagnetic wave propagation in tapered rectangular transmission line is discussed. A coordinate transformation for analysing the transmission line is plesented. The defived wave equation is a second- ofdef partial diffetefttial equation which is solved by using Galefkin thethod. Good agfeetheftt is seen between the computed and measured results.
Nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves on a grounded gyromaguetic slab
M. M. Shabat
This paper presents the dispersion relation for TE s-polarized nonlinear elextron-ia.-nttic surface waves guided by a grounded gyrornagnetic slab, surrounded by a nonlinear dielectric cover with intensity dependent refractive indicies. Wave will be in a direction transverse to the applied magnetic field . Numerical results are also illustrated to show the effective wave index as a function of the power flow carried by the structure for different values of the slab thickness.
Scattering from a finite cylinder inside a quasi- optical waveguide of the class of "hollow dielectric channel"
V. K. Kiselyev
A new technique for measurements of scattering characteristics of various objects in the submillimer wave range is described in this paper. Scattering properties of a finite circular conducting cylinder is presented as a typical example.
Minimum delay-spread millimeter wave indoor LAN system
Yukio Takimoto
System and devices to be applied in millimeter-wave (MMW) indoor local area networks (LANs) transmitting data of more than 100 Mb/s are designed, a minimum delay-spread communication configuration is proposed to overcome the multiple reflection waves, and some MMICs operating at 60 GHz are described.
The experimental investigation of the key techniques in the shared transmit-receive multichannel pulse-modulated millimeter-wave system
Yaming Wang
This paper extendedly describes the space coupling in the shared transmit-receive multichannel pulse- modulating millimeter-wave system. The signal distortion in the pulse-modulating receiving system is analyzed theoretically and investigated by experiment. The significant experimental results are given.
Millimeterwaves applied in personal communication systems
Ke Gong
Millimeterwaves have great potential to be applied in personal communications, they can be used to interconnect the base stations of cellular system, to set wireless indoor network, to link satellites of a low earth orbit system and even to build geostationary personal satellite communication systems. This paper analyzes not only the advantages of MMW but also the technical issues effecting its performance in PCS.
Inversion of radar backscatter from mmw smoke
Benjamin Perry
This paper describes the results of an analysis of radar backscatter and attenuation data collected during field trials of the MMW Module of the XM56 Large Area Screening Generator. The trials were conducted by Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center personnel at Dugway Proving Ground in 1989 and 1990, and at Eglin AFB in 1992. The purpose of this analysis was to use inversion techniques, similar to those developed for lidar systems, to translate the radar backscatter data from the XM56 smoke clouds into estimates of cloud concentration, and to compare the resulting concentration estimates with those produced by independent, point sampling nephelometers. Three dimensional cloud concentration profiles have been produced and were found to be consistent with the Pasquill stability category. In addition, the overall correlation between the radar-generated concentration data and those collected using the nephelometers was quite good.
The receiver subsystem for the AMSU-B water-vapor profiler
Israel Galin
The AMSU-B is a water-vapor profiler, its receiver subsystem had been produced by Aerojet. This paper describes the block-diagram, and the hardware employed in the AMSU-B receiver subsystem. The paper compares the AMSU-B receiver subsystem with the SSMIT2 one, which is also a water-vapor profiler produced by Aerojet.
Linear FM signals formation and matched processing in millimeter wave band
I. D. Revin
The tentative results for linear FM (LFM) millimeter signals formation with diffraction radiation oscillator (DRO) and the matched processing at the intermediate frequency with surface-wave dispersive delay line (DDL) have been obtained.
Ladar/mw transponder optimization for cooperative target tracking
J. Gavan
LAser raDAR (LADAR) and dual mode LADAR/RADAR operations were previously analysed [1-4]. To improve performances, the parameters of passive and active transponders operating in the Mm and Microwaves (MW) bands are investigated. The new computation results show maximization of operation ranges for ground- satellites or high altitude aircraft targets even under severe cluttering and bad visibility conditions. Moreover, best accuracy is obtained in the final tracking stages due to an improved LADAR.
Mm-wave doppler module
S. S. Prasad
Doppler modules are used for various applications like intrusion alarm, traffic radar etc. At higher frequencies, better velocity resolution and higher gain are obtained whet '; at lower frequencies the beam is formed at a shot distance (1) 2d2/71 ; d - antenna aperture length, - wave Igth). Also at higher frequencies, atmospherk and rain attenuations are higher. One has to compromise various parameters for a specific application. This paper describes the system design of mm-wave doppler module for intrusion alarm application - and present experimental data.
An active reflective surface for microwave imaging, power combination and rapid beam scanning: a system analysis
S. Safavi-Naeini
A new Active Reflecting Surface (ARS) consisting of a planar array of circularly polarized printed elements integrated with active devices is proposed. The potential applications of the ARS and other related architectures in microwave/millimeter wave imaging, multi- and scanned-beam communications system, and spatial power combining are discussed. System properties and general design requirements and criteria of such surfaces are investigated.
The quasi-optical reflection circulator: progress in theory and millimeter-wave experiments
J. A. Weiss
The circulator, directing transmitted and received signals with little loss, based on the nonreciprocal gyro- magnetic principle of electron magnetic resonance, has been an essential component of radars and other microwave systems since feasibility was first demonstrated' with a 10-G112 Faraday-rotation device in 1952.
Quasioptical polarization rotators
V. K. Kiselyev
Schemes, functional characteristics and pecnlarities of the through-passage and reflected-wave polarization rota- tors are considered. The rotators are realized on the base of the structures containing three or five mirrors, dihedral angle reflector, grid-mirror section and polarizating grid arrays.
Quasi-optical homodyne method of measurement of polarization reflection matrix in the submillimeter wave range
Vladimir K. Kiselyev
Homodyne method of measurement of polarization reflection matrix, providing the possibility of simultaneous mea- surement of all four complex coefficients of polarization reflection matrix in quasi-optical circuits of submillimeter waves is presented. Technical realizability of the method for quasi-optical circuits, formed on the base of waveguides of the class of "hollow dielectric waveguide" is shown.
Quasioptical deflector of through-passage type
V. N. Polupanov
Deflector is realized as a parallel-sided plate mounted at Brewster angle and compaunded of two prisms. De- flection of beam (<.°) is achieved by relative turn of the prisms and azimuth of deflection is achieved by combined tura- The deflector can be easily used also lot realihing of helical scattitifig of the beam.
Quasi-optical instrument for thickness measurements
A. A. Vertiy
Two schemes of the thickness gauges of metal and dielectric sheets are discussed in this report. We suggest to use quasi-optical Barrel-Shaped open resonator (BOR) specially designed as high-accuracy thickness sensor for thin metal sheets and two channel interferometer with the consecutive round of both sides of the metal sheet and modulator in the reference channel.
Quasioptical frequency shift device
P. K. Nesterov
There are presented the the results of investigation of the Doppler frequency shifter designed for using in the quasioptical hanodyne aibmillimeter devices its as i.ng allows to obtain smaller level of accessary components of the inthrmediate freqi,ik,tncy signal spEgAnam„
Application of global optimization method designed qusi-optical power combiner
Hui-zhen Li
This paper presents a global optimization method based on step by step redusing search area. Apply this method to design Quasi-Optics Solid-state Power Combiner, we achieve the global optina of the disposi- tion of the source-array and the location of the aource-array plane.
High-temperature superconducting microwave devices: fundamental issues in materials, physics, and engineering
Nathan Newman
We have recently published an interdisciplinary review' of issues in science and engineering which directly impact high Tc superconductor microwave devices. One of our goals was to isolate the fundamental physical properties which currently limit device performance. In the SPIE conference presentation, we will extend this work to summarize the current state-of-the-art with an emphasis on highlighting opportune research areas which could result in breakthroughs for improved performance in microwave devices. Some preliminary research work in these fields will be described.
High Tc superconductor tunnel junctions for photon detectors
John Zasadzinski
SIS tunnel junctions on high Tc superconductors, when operated as quasiparticle mixers, offer the possibility of low- noise photon detection in the THz regime. Such devices require junctions with sharp current onsets at the gap voltage, 2A/e, and low sub-gap conductances. The bismuthate, Bai_xKxBi03, (Tc=25K) displays ideal , BCS, quasiparticle characteristics at low temperatures, however, at temperatures (T—Tc/2) there is evidence of strong quasiparticle damping which may inhibit device performance. The cuprates typically display non-ideal quasiparticle characteristics but recent data for the new Hg- based cuprates (Tc=96K) are promising in that they display very low and flat sub-gap conductances. Proximity effect tunnel junctions on Bi2Sr2CaCu208/Au bilayers show improved sub-gap characteristics and indicate that this approach may be suitable for mixer development.
The experimental study of microwave phase shifter by using YbCo superconducting thin film
Shuzhen Cai
A micorwave phase shifter has been made by using YBCO superconducting thin film, In this paper, We describe the fabrication of phase shifter, and present the experimental results. The theoretic analyses are also presented.
High Tc superconductive bolometer for submillimeter wavelengths
Dezhen Nie
This paper reports the Preliminary results of a high Tc superconductive transition- edge bolometer for millimeter and submillimeter waves outputed from an optically pumped far infrared laser. The bolometer was fabricated by using of a photolithographic YBaCuO thin film on a (100) SrTiO substrate at liquid nitrogen(LN) trmperature as the fast sensitive detector.
Analysis of superconducting microstrip lines using the complex resistive boundary conditions and the variational principle
Robert C. Qiu
A full wave characterization of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) microstrip lines is formulated based on the complex resistive boundary conditions (CRBC) and the Spectral Domain Impedance Approach.A new variational approach is used to improve the results.
Microtip arrays are electron sources for vacuum microelectronics devices of millimeter and submillimeter wave range
V. D. Yeremko
The results of experimental study of emission from identical metal microtip arrays of the density from 105 to 106 pur mm2, obtained on the base of radiation-chemistry technology, are presented. It is shown that obtained emmission characteristics of such arrays confirm the advisability to use them as emitters in millimeter (mm) and submillimeter (submm) wave sources.
Planar digital slow-wave structures for millimeter wave vacuum microelectronic devices
Igor S. Nefyodov
Electrodynamical analysis of dispersion and impedance for one and two row digital microstrip slow-wave structures (SWS) is presented. The choice of appropriate types of SWS for millimeter wave vacuum microelectronic amplifiers and generators is discussed.
Analysis of the possibility of performing microminiature low-voltage electronic devices for vacuum millimeter-wavelength integral circuits
Yu. V. Gulyaev
The characteristics of microminiature low-voltage microwave (MW) amplifiers and generators with extended interaction on field emitter arrays are analyzed which exhibit the proposed planar designs of electron optical and electrodynamical systems. They are shown to be able for operation in the short-wavelength region of the centimeter band including millimeter waves.
Mode selection in pseudoperiodical waveguides and slow-save structures
V. A. Solntsev
A promising way of increasing the power of millimeter wave amplifiers and generators in the application of electron beams with large cross-section area and current, namely, tubular beams, multi-beam electron tubes as well as the application of periodical waveguides and slow-wave structures with the trans- verse dimensions being compared with the wavelength or exceeding it: multi-row slow-wave structures in TWT , a helical waveguide in TWT and others. In this "oversize" structures the existence of a number of competitive modes with spa- tial harmonics which may lead to the parasitic interaction of modes with an electron beam is possible.This paper considers the possibility to select one synchronous spatial harmonic and to suppress others by means of passing over from periodical to "pseudo-periodical" structures.
The analysis of the polytron characteristics in the millimeter wave band
Victor A. Solntsev
A possibility to amplify electromagnetic oscillations due to negative conductance of an electron beam in the anode-grid space of a distributed mic- rotriode (polytron) has been shown.i When the distance between the grid and anode is of the order of 10-100 microns the amplification becomes possible in the band of millimeter waves (the case of equal potentials at the grid and anodW The absolute value of the negative electron conductance turned out not great so that a considerable beam current density is required to obtain an appreciable amplification. This paper considers the effect of the potenti- al difference between the anode and grid. It's quite clear that in decreasing the anode potential the electron conductance and efficiency can increase due to the increase of the electron transit time and because of the less heat dissipation on the anode. The corresponding relationships have been studied in this paper with the help of the large signal theory. It has been shown that the absolute value of the negative electron conductance can be increased 2-2.5 times and the efficiency can reach - 65% if one succeeds in providing a sufficient current density in decreasing the anode potential.
Magnetrons synchronized by internal signal are amplifiers of millimeter waves
Victor D. Yeremko
There are presented the results of experimental study of amplification characteristics of surface wave magnetrons of the millimeter wave range, synchronized by the internal signal. It is shown that power amplifiers with the gain of 20 dB in the band from 1 to 2 %.
Finite thickness slotted cylinder as a slow wave structure for high power wideband spatially developed 0-type millimeter electron devices
Victor I. Naidenko
The theory of finite thickness slotted cylinder (FTSC) for spatially developed electron devices (SDEDes) has been developed. The computational and measurement results are given.
TiBa2Ca2Cu3O9+/-8 film as detector for far-infrared radiation
R. S. Nebosis
Picosecond resistive response of structured T1Ba2Ca2Cu309±6 thin films to far-infrared 100 ps laser pulses has been observed for the first time. The sensitivity as a detector was few mV/W.
Magnetoresonance bolometer as a detector of millimeter and submillimeter radiation
B. B. Banduryan
To detect millimeter and submillimeter radiation original boiometers are used. The radiation at the marnetic resonance frequency is absorbed by different antiferromagnetic subsrates. To convert a thermal signal into an electric one superconducting film is used deposited on a crystal-substrate.
The possible detection of submillimeter multipole waves
D. N. Vylegzhanin
We have performed experiment, which may be interpretated as detection of high- order multiple mm and submm waves previously unobserved. These photons, how- can effectively interact with spherical excitons in atoms like .Cd or Hg. Such a photon emitted by Hg-lamp induces photoionization of a spherical exciton at Cd in crystal, yielding to emission of a dipole visible photon.
Development of SIS-mixers for submm waves
J. Mees
The development of waveguide and planer antenna SIS-mixers at SRON for frequencies up to 1THz will be presented. Best results show TDSB=310K at 708 GHz for the WG-mixer and TDSB=200K at 470GHZ for the QO-mixer.
Sis-mixers around the gap frequency
J. Mees
Since several years waveguide and planar antenna mixers with Nb-tunnel junctions are developed at the Space Research Organization Netherlands (SRON) for space applications. Recent results show excellent mixing performance up to frequencies above the superconducting gap of Nb. Goal is the development of an 1THz-mixer. Best results show a receiver noise temperature of Tps,-----310K at 708GHz for a waveguide mixer and TE,s„---200K at 480GHz for a double dipole planar antenna mixer. Due to on-chip tuning structures we obtained bandwidths up to 150GHz. We will present the current status in the development of SIS-junctions, integrated tuning network and mixers.
Thermal emission versus luminescence for IR emitting diodes
V. K. Malyutenko
Fundamental limitation on interband luminescence's quantum efficiency value in narrow gap semiconductors prevent practical use of orthodox light emitting diodes for optical processing in IR (5-25 µm). Use of thermal emission resulting from intraband transitions in wide gap semiconductors seems to be alternative approach to decide the problem. Pros and cons of the proposal supported by theoretical calculations and experimental study are being discussed in details. Subject areas: Submillimeter and Infrared Devices and Technology
Performance analysis of planar subharrnonicany pumped antiparallel-pair schottky diode mixers for submillimeter-wave applications
I. Mehdi
A computer simulation based on the techniques developed by Kerr has been developed that takes into account the physical presence of the pad-to-pad capacitance inherent in antiparalletpair planar diode chips. Me computer simulation is used to examine the effect of the pad-to-pad capacitance on the performance of subharmonio mixers at millimeter wave frequencies. It is shown that for the best mCxer performance the optimum pad-to-pad capacitance is dependent on the anode diameter and series inductance of the anti-parallel pair- diodes. This stresses the need for an accurate measurement of the loop inductance in an antip.arallel-pair planar subhannonic
Analysis of an axially oriented whisker mount for millimeter wave frequencies
Antti V. Räisänen
Embedding impedance of an axially oriented whisker mount in a rectangular waveguide is investigated and reported in this paper. The modeling formulation is based on the method of moments and verified by scaled model measurements.
A compound high power millimeter have waveguide circulator
W. B. Dou
A compound high power Ka band waveguide circulator, which has good performance, has been analysed and developed. Its enduring power attains 60 w CW-power and the temperature of the waveguide surface does not exceed 25° c under natural coolness.
Millimeter wave spherical rotating joint
Yaokun Qing
A spherical rotating joint operating at millimeter wavelength is proposed here. Unlike the traditional rotating joints, this is made of two half spheres in which the spherical hybrid mode HEll operated. The coupling effect of the capacitances due to the gap between two half sphd'res maintains electrical continuity. The measurements indicate that the constant output is achieved while the joint being rotating over 0-- Orsolide angle range, the V.S.W.R. are less than 1.5 and the insertion loss are lower than 1.0 dB from 34.5 GHz to 35.5 GHz.
A 100 GHz control ferrite lens: theory design and experiment
M. N. Kotov
Theory and computer simulation method have been developed to investigate the millimeter wave control ferrite lens employing inhomogeneously biased ferrite. The lens has been designed and tested experimentally.
Millimeter wave switches
Khan Hayat Mohd
The millimeter wave switch under discussion is a new type of fin—line switch. This can be fabricated on teflon substrate. This switch can be used as an optically controllable attenuator. The important features are good compatibility compared with conventional finline structures.
Electro-optic power control of a millimeter wave Gaussian beam
Guillermo F. Delgado
The use of a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) engineered1H-V semiconductor to electro-optically modulate a mil- limeter wave gaussian beam is presented. A dynamic range of more than 10 dB and an insertion loss of less that 0.5 dB has been achieved at 100 GHz.
Millimeter wave electrically and optically controlled screens
V. V. Meriakri
Plane and spatial screens based on gratings using dielectric, ferrite, or semiconductor slabs (in particular, metallized slabs) are investigated theoretically and experimentally in the resonanceregion. Their transparency and reflectivity can be varied from 1 to 10-3 by changing frequency and polarization.
Propagational characteristics of trapped dielectric overlay coupler
A. K. Tiwari
Many dielectric guide couplers have been reported in literature (1) - (6), This new coupler has a distinct advantage over other couplers due to low loss, higher dimensional ratio and hence ease of fabrication and does not radiate at. bends (7). The various propagational characteristics of this coupler are discussed here.
The digital mm-waves frequency meter
Daming Wang
A good method to measure mm-wave frequency is using two harmon±c-mixers and base frequency counter. It is easy to get the harmonic munber.Thus, the true mm-wave frequency can be calculated by the single piece computer.
Millimeter wave phase conjugation via resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing in gas
M. S. Gitlin
Laboratory for Plasma Research, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742
Diffraction at gratings in quasioptical systems
E. V. Koposova
New effects of diffraction of electromagnetic waves at the gratings, such as the full reflection in the direction which differs to the mirror and anti-mirror ones, the full anti-mirror reflection from the corrugated boundary of dielectrics are considered. Quasioptical dielectrical eshelett resonator with high selective properties was designed. The results obtained are applied for the design of the resonators for high frequency devices, the quasi-optical power summator and the power splitter at the mm-wave range.
A quasioptical sum-and-difference transformer
M. S. Yanovsky
Design of monopulse radars of short wavelengh region of the millimeter wave range and the submillimeter one is limited because of the absence of a number of functional elements, in particular sum-and-difference transformers. Scale modelling of more long-wavelenght analogs is ruled out because of the loss increasing and excessive high requirements for design accuracy of diminutive waveguide devices. Quasioptical sum-and-difference transformer, providing transformation of four cophasal signals of a monopulse radar feeding into summary one and two difference ones, namely azimuthal and elevation angle difference signals, formed on the base of balance bridge' using metal- dielectric beamguide (MDB) of round or squire cross-section is considered below. Interior surface of MDB is covered by a layer of dielectric of nonresonant thickness. At this loss in 10x10 mm cross-section. MDB in operating frequency range from 0.74 to 1.7 mm is less than 0.4 dB.
A new rigorous method for the numerical analysis of the dispersion characteristics and the electromagnetic fields of the open uniaxial anisotropic waveguide used as an electro-optic modulator
I. Burneika
A new rigorous method of solving the Maxwell equations for the open waveguides with intricate (arbitrary) cross-sections including metallic, dielectric and anisotropic media is proposed in this paper. The longitudinal components of the electric and magnetic fields for the cose of uniaxial anisotropic media contain the logarithmical singularity. This fact enables to solve that problem by means of singular integral equations and provides the versatile according to the cross-section. The method proposed in this paper allows to vary the electrodynamic parameters of a media in the wide range of variation including losses.
Elements of the diffraction quasioptics; Part 1: the main properties
I. V. Minin
The development results of new elements of the quasioptics providing the monochromatic radiation into the arbitrary 3D region of space are presented. The principles of the construction and limiting frequency-focusing properties of the elements in millimetre range of wave are considered.
Elements of the diffraction quasi-optics; Part 2: the main applications
I. V. Minin
The systems and fields of applications of the elements diffraction quasi-optics are considered. Systems of plasma diagnostics, systems of quasi-optical radiovision, antenna systems, mm-systems for scientific investigations.
Freestanding resonant methes: structure and transmission spectrum
V. A. Soglasnova
The transmission spectra of the set of the resonant meshes with the cross holes having the same period constant G = 400 mkm and ratios L/G = 0.6 - 0.95 and C/G = 0.5 - 0.95 are investigated. It is shown that the wavelength of the transmission maximum is near 2L for any sample and transmission bandwidth decreases with the decreasing of the ratio L/G. High quality bandpass filters with the transmission = 100 % and bandwidth A v/v from 0.5 up to 0.1 can be built from such meshes.
Guided waves in chiral optical fibers
Robert C. Qiu
We model the chiral optical fiber by adding chirality to the core of the step- index fiber and formulate the eigenvalue equation, effective group index and waveguide dispersion. Numerical results and potential applications for these properties are shown.
Low compensation impurity band photoconductors
S. Pasquier
The present study of silicon based impurity band photoconductors evolves from the development of a space borne instrument for spectroscopy of the atmosphere using far infrared thermal emission of relevant molecular species1 in the spectral range 80 to 400 cm-1. Actually, the spectral range from 200 to 400 cm-1 in which, for example, the key N205 molecule has a strong signature, is not well covered by the standard available Beryllium doped Germanium (Ge:Be) photoconductors which suffer from poor quantum efficiency in this region.. They are also quite sensitive to cosmic ray particles due to their large volume. In addition, only a few different materials are available because of the difficult crystal growth process.
The FIR tunnel ionization of deep impurities in semiconductors
S. D. Ganichev
We report on the first observation of the photoionization of deep impurity levels in a semiconductor by FIR radiation with photon energies much less than the ionization energy of impurities. The photoconductivity of gold and mercury doped germanium has been observed and investigated using a high power pulsed FIR laser source. A photoconductive signal, rising exponentially with the incident power, could be detected in spite of the fact that the photon energy of the exciting radiation is several factors of ten less than the binding energy of the impurities, Ei. The experimental results give strong evidence that the ionization of deep impurity centers by radiation with photon energy hw « Ei, is caused by tunnel ionization in the strong optical field. This optical method allows the investigation of the tunnelling process at electric bias fields well below the threshold of avalanche breakdown. It has been previously shown that the thermal emission of deeply bound electrons becomes possible in an electric field due to a phonon assisted tunnel effect even if kgT < Ei [1]. Tunnel ionization has been extensively studied in semiconductors subjected to static electric fields [1-5]. Here we show that such process may occur in an optical field of frequency co < cov, where coy is the local vibration frequency at the impurity site.
Improved conductivity-measurement of semiconductor epitaxial layers by means of the contactless microwave method
P. Boege
Measurements and calculations of the scattering-characteristics of stratified lossy dielectric blocks completely filling a waveguide cross section are presented. The method is used for contactless con- ductivity measurements of MBE-grown II-VI semiconductor layers.
Superslow electromagnetic waves at the semiconductor superlattice
A. A. Bulgakov
The new types of slow surface polaritons are demonstrated to propagate of the interface of homogeneous semiinfinite space and the layer-periodical structure (classic superlattice), which is made with layers of semiconductor and dielectric. For modern semiconductor and dielectric materials the phase velocity of this waves is value of the order VP h-4*107sm/s under the real parameters . Velocity of the carrier drift is known to be less than 7*107sm/s. It is shown in this paper, what slow surface polaritons can interact efficiently with carriers moving in homogeneous space. Different types of unstability are analyzed analytically and numerically. Increments of unstability are obtained.
Nonlinear submillimeter and infrared absorption in semiconductors
A. R. Shabaev
A theory of the nonlinear submillimeter and infrared absorption in semiconductors is devel- oped. The absorption is caused by the intraband transitions of holes. The theory allows to estimate the threshold intensities of the coherence and incoherence mechanisms of absorption saturation. The influence of weak electric (andjor magnetic) field and charged impurities is considered.
Low- frequency phenomena in semiconductors in high-frequency em and constant magnetic fields
F. G. Bass
Using the modified Kapitsa's calculating scheme the motion of the particle with arbitrary dispersion relation under the action of high- frequency wave pumping field can be described in the terms of effective hamiltonian. Pumping leads to the effective spatial modulation of the dispersion relation. It results in the unusual electron properties. Strong dynamic localization, selective sensibility to stochastizing excitation and phase transformation metal-dielectric are described for semiconductor with 1D quantum superlattice.
Photoelectric properties of (n)InSb-(n)GaAs thin-film heterojunctions, and InAs1-xSbx thin layers obtained by laser-pulse deposition method
A. G. Alexanian
Using the laser-pulse deposition (LPD) method, thin-film hetero- junctions (HJ) (n)InSb-(n)GaAs mismatched by the lattice parameter (--13%) were obtained and analyzed, as well as the thin layers (0.1 to 0.5 pm) of semiconductor solid solution InAs..... Sb 1 ..
The theory of local optical oscillations near point, linear and plane defects in semiconductors
F. G. Bass
The theory of the local optical oscillations near the defects of different types (point, linear and plain) is built for semiconductors (SC) with ionic cristal lattice. This phenomenon is that the oscillations with the discrete frequency and the amplitude, decreasing at large distances appear near the defects (same as the Lifshitz's local oscillations in an atomic crystal ).
Influence of static magnetic field on the instability of surface waves in layered ferrite/semiconductor structures with hot carriers
R. G. Tarkhanian
Investigations are made of the instability of nonradiative coupled surfaee electromagnetic; waves in the millimeter and microwave frequency range in the layered ferrite/semicond.dctor structures in the presence of an external static magnetic and strong electric fields. The dispersion relations as well as the conditions under which the mixed spin-magnetoplasma surface waves grow in time are found.
A millimeter wave focal plane array imager
G. Richard Huguenin
The implementation of a radiometric 94 GHz video rate imager .hat employs a zoned aplanatic imaging lens, folded optics, radiometric comparison switching, and a practical focal plane array will be described . Applications will be discussed.
A multi-beam millimeter wave focal plane array airborne imaging system
Robert W. Haas
The design, fabrication, and test of a multiple beam millimeter wave airborne imaging system is presented. As a prototype for eventual civilian applications, this system will serve to gather background data on many environmental and topographic features of the earth and its atmosphere.
Advances in passive millimetre wave imaging
Roger Appleby
The current status of Passive Millimetre Wave Radiometry as a thermal imaging technique will be discussed. The major problems are poor spatial resolution and slow response time. Techniques for overcoming these difficulties will be identified. High quality images will be presented to demonstrate the potential of this technology.
A fast millimeter wave imaging algorithm with application in active guidance
Songhua He
A real-time tvo-dimensional imaging method is presented for active guidance application ander strong clatter and short data background This method ages conventional FFT compatation for radial range high resolution and saperresolation processing in neighbouring areas of strong scattering centers for cross range saperresolation
The role of quasi-optics at the 35 GHz millimeter-wave radar
R. F. Lucey
The millimeter-wave radara (MMW) is a 100-kW instrumentation dual- frequency tracking radar located at Kiernan Reentry Measurements Site Cf.e.,Ei\IS_ on the Kwajalein in the Repub.F.,-., of the Marshall Islands. This radar has undergone a series of hardwareimprovements over the past 5 years, the most notable of whit 7_ are the beam waveguide (BWG) feed system and the dual-tube quasi-optical combiner. This paper will describe the current 35 GHz system configuratior with emphasis on the quasi-optical dual-tube power amplifier combiner and the beam waveguide antenna feed system. The paper will also describe the development of a BWG feed system for the 9 GHz system which is currently being reactivated. The impact of these upgrades on the radar performance will be discussed in detail.
Millimeter-wave radar target identification by using high resolution range profile
Guirong Guo
Features about target shape , size and physical structure can be extracted from MIR profiles, A sequential resoning- rule- based pattern recognition method adaptive to target angle variation is proposed for target identification using ERR features, the method is of importance in MMW guidance application,
A novel millimeter wave MMIC Hadar transceiver for expendable applications
M. Gawronski
A unique millimeter wave MM1C transceiver design which includes a high pcwer transmitter and ow noise figure receiver, has been developed. The fully functional and highly integrated transceiver uses MIMIC transmitter and receiver chips developed under the ARPA MIMIC program to perform all radar functions. The chip design is based on 0.25 micon pseudomorphic In gaAs HEMT technology with ail circuit types fabricated on the same wafer. A unique and vorsatilo chip carrier ciQsign is used to ensure maximum measurement flexibility while maintaining high performance in the integrated transceiver architecture. The transceiver is specifically directed toward !ow cost, expendable applications.
The microwave measurement receiver
G. M. Glibitzki
The circuit of measurement receiver is described. The generator and local oscillator produced with Gunn-diode and that is cooled by water. The frequence of generator (42.5 GHz) is modulated by vol- tage. The mixer performed at Schottky-diode. The first intermediate frequence is 74 MHz, second one is 6.5 MHz. The system of frequence autotune work at 38 MHz. The output parameter showed.
A 230 GHz SIS-receiver for radio astronomy with 25 GHz instantaneous bandwidth
Karl Jacobs
For interstellar spectral line observations in the mm- and submm-wavelength range, low-noise, broadband heterodyne receivers are needed. Using a Niobium-Aluminum Oxide-Niobium SIS mixer element with a broadband integrated tuning circuit in a single-backshort waveguide mixer, we achieved a receiver noise temperature <=100K DSB from 225-255GHz without any backshort tuning. The lowest noise temperature with optimized backshort is 58K DSB at 230GHz with a mixer noise contribution of 27K.
A sis receiver at 690 GHz
K.-F. Schuster
A low noise SIS heterodyne receiver for radio-a6aonomy in the frequency range of 660 to 690 Gliz was developed, r mixer bases on a V-antenna structure including a broad band impedance matching and is pumped by a continuously tunable solid state oscillator. We discuss the implications of mixing at the gap frequency of the Niobium junctions and derive appropriate design rules.
660-690 GHz open structure SIS receiver for submm radioastronomy
H. Rothermel
Open structure mixers using substrate lenses have been proposed and pioneered by (1,2). This system (fig.1) is using a lens of crystal quartz with an elliptical contour which makes a considerable difference in beam quality and cryogenic performance. It was used at the 30m antenna on Pico Veleta (Spain) in the range of 330 to 360 GHz (3). To work between 660 and 690 GHz, the mixer element was replaced and the dewar windows and the local oscillator (LO) were adjusted.
A sub-millimetre wave SIS receiver for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
B. N. Ellison
We describe a Pb alloy superconducting (SIS) tunnel junction heterodyne receiver that has been constructed and tested over the frequency range 450 to 540 GHz and installed on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Hawaii. The receiver uses a reduced height waveguide mount and a Pb alloy tunnel junction as the detecting element. Performance measurements made with the receiver installed on the telescope show a noise temperature (DSB) of 165 K at 460 GHz and 220 K at 490 GHz, measured in a 1 GHz instantaneous IF bandwidth centred at 4 GHz. The receiver demonstrates that Pb alloy junctions are sufficiently stable and reliable to allow use at a remote observing site at sub-millimetre wavelengths.
A noise temperature of passive wavegulde components of mm and submm-wave cryogenically cooled receivers
V. F. Vdovin
It has been proven that noise temperatures of contemporary cryogenically cooled receivers in mm and submrn wavelengths tend toward the fundamental limits due to the decreased contribution of active components, including mixers, amplifiers, etc. The contributions of passive waveguides therefore become more valuable, and they must be calculated with the consideration of a range of various temperatures.
Search of macho (massive compact halo objects)
A. A. Golynkin
The fundamental problem of modern astrophysics - enigma of the galaxy latent masses - may be solved due to the existence of the natural space micro wave sources. Precise spectrum observations allow to detect crossing of the line of site by gravity micro lenses from Massive Compact Halo Objects if these latter exist.
The variations of mmw attentuation due to cloudy atmosphere in radio-astronomical observations
G. A. Andreyev
cloudness leads to the variations f NNW attenuation in atmosphere nickness and brings difficulties during radio-astronomical neasure- nents. It Is advantageous to evaluate .*:hem using the derived dependence with radio-brightness temperature variations. Under cloudy atmosphere conditions there were carried out in :AM-Wave band the measurements of radio-brightness temperature variations that gave the opportunity to evaluate variations of attenuation, on their basis. As follows from the obtained r.m.s. values of attenuation variations and their temporal correian intervals, the usage of adaptive receiving makes it ?ossible to reduce attenuation variations and thereby to Increase the :.1---1co of radio-astronomical observations.
Low-noise quasioptical 2-mm mixer receiver
I. I. Eru
Quasioptical radioastronomical 2-mm mixer receiver for room temperature operation are described. Receiver incorporates polarization-rotating dual-beam quasioptical interferometer, waveguide Schottky mixer, carcinotron LO, GaAs IF amplifier. The best receiver noise temperature is 600 K (DSB) at 136 GHz.
Review of w-band monolithic low noise amplifiers
Huei Wang
Various design approaches and device technologies for the development of W-band monolithic low noise amplifiers (LNAs) have been reported in the past few years. This paper summarizes the reported results and design approaches. The design/analysis methodology for W-band monolithic LNAs, together with some sys- tem applications using the developed monolithic LNAs, is also presented.
Microswitch beam-steering grid
Jung-Chih Chiao
We propose new microswitch beam-steering grids to operate at 90 GHz and 240 GHz. The microswitch beam-steering grid has potential advantages over mechanical-scanning devices or active beam-steering reflectors based on diode grids such as lower loss and simple control circuits. Simulations predict that a 4-bit controlled 10-layer microswitch beam-steering grid can have phase-shift resolution of 22.5° with a loss of 1.6 dB and a maximum phase error of 5° at 240 GHz.
A branch-line hybridring with coupled-lines for miniaturizing
Iwata Sakagami
A branch-line hybrid-ring (BL hybrid) is composed of four quarter- wavelength transmission lines (TLs), and occupies large area on printed- circuit boards because of its loop structure, so that reduced-size hybrid- rings using multilayer meander-like TLs or lumped capacitors have been pro- posed 1,2 In this paper, a BL hybrid which uses coupled 'Us called a micro- wave C-type section (C-section)3'4, is proposed for the miniaturization.
The moding characteristics of circular groove guide
Jianglei Ma
On the basis of our previous work, the eigenvalues of the characteristic equations corresponding to higher-order modes are solved and the mode characteristic in circular groove guide is investigated.
Millimeter wave performance of a sliding planar backshort
Victor M. Lubecke
A mechanically adjustable planar tuning element, for millimeter and submillimeter wave planar integrated cir- cuits, has been developed and successfully demonstrated at 100 GHz. It functions analogously to a non-contacting waveguide backshort, with kn. I :-... —0.3 dB, yet can be fabricated with the simplicity of a planar circuit and scaled for use throughout the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrum.
V-band monolithic integrated circuits for personal communication terminals
M. Funabashi
A single-stage millimeter-wave high gain wide band MMIC amplifier and an MMIC oscillator at V-band have been successfully fabricated based on 0.15pm T-shaped gate GaAs based heterojunction FETs (HJFETs) technology. The single- stage amplifier exhibits 7.2±1.0dB of gain and 15.3dBm output power at 3dB compression point with a 49-61GHz range. The MMIC oscillator shows 51GHz oscillation with 2.5dBm of the output power.
Development of very compact broad-band microstrip baluns for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits
Cam Nguyen
This paper reports the development of very compact broad-band baluns using Lange couplers. Theoretical simulations indicate that less than 0.07 dB and 0.45 degrees for the amplitude and phase balances, respectively, can be achieved over the 25-50 GHz bandwidth. Measured amplitude and phase balances of less than 0.3 dB and 2.5 degrees, respectively, from 1 to 2.2 GHz were also obtained. Compared to other reported baluns, they are more compact, simpler, easier to design, and fabricated on only one side of the substrate and, thus, are attractive for microwave and millimeter-wave hybrid and monolithic integrated circuits (MIC's and MMIC's).
Standardized concepts for microwave oscillators and their realization by new MMICs in coplanar line technique
R. Tempel
Two design concepts for MMIC's are proposed which allow the realization of arbitrary microwave oscillators in a simlified manner. These designs provide a negative resistance, load buffering, matching and the biasing network. The MMIC's are designed in coplanar technique. The user has only to add an appropriate resonating circuit. Some examples with MESFET's as the active elements demonstrate the very good performance of these oscillators at 30GHz.
Submillimeter electrodynamics of non-collinear antiferromagnetics
Karen N. Kocharian
In this report the results of investigation of magnetic resonance and its influence on submillimeter electrodynamics of antiferromagnetics with weak ferromag- netism (WFA) are summarized. It is shown that noticeable enhancement of magnetic birefringence and dichroism in WFAE; may be used for the control of submillimeter radiation.
Exact solution for nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves in a ferromagnet
M. M. Shabat
The dispersion relation for TM-Polarized millimeter nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves propagating along the interface of a ferromagnet cover, whose magnetic permeability depends on the absolute value of the magnetic field and a linear substrate has been derived exactly.
Distortion of pulse signals by nonlinear fabry-perot resonator with magnetoresonanse multilayer structure
A. A. Vertiy
The numerical analysis of nonstationary and nonlinear properties of magnetoresonance multilayer structure is presented. It is shown that pulse signal shape is sufficiently distorted after penetrating through such structure. The influence of resonator's parameters and sample on signal shape is observed for the first time. The obtained results may be applied in magnetic resonance radiospectroscopy and high energy physics.
Closed dispersion curves of TE electromagnetic waves in nonlinear film
Nikolai Beletski
It was obtained, that nonlinear TE electromagnetic waves dispersion curves in films with step dielectric function in the plasma-like surroundings can be closed, and can be lying both above and below linear waves dispersion curves. Nonlinear films can be used in the semiconductor lasers as active areas.
Linear transduction of millimeter electromagnetic and exchange spin waves in a layered ferrite structure
Vladimir V. Tikhonov
The effects of millimeter electromagnetic wave (EMW) propagation through multilayered ferrite structures were theoretically studied taking into account exchange interaction in the ferrite. The mechanism of EMW transduction to exchange spin waves was investigated.
Millimeter wave wgm dielectric resonator filter
Ning Chen
This paper presents the utilization of Whispering Gallery Mode disk dielectric resonator for designing W-band microstrip integrated filter. CAD approach has been adopted. Theoretic performances show good agreement with the experiment.
Narrowband optical tunable filter configuration using acousto-optic technology
A. R. Jha
This paper reveals narrowband tunable optical filter configuration employing acousto- optic technology. The filter provides tuning capability over the entire blue-green spectral region within one second. The design configuration offers maximum economy, remarkable versatility, uniform spectral response and constant narrow bandwidth less than 0.2 nm. The proposed filter architecture uses state-of-the art technology components to meet narrowband requirements.
Finline bandpass filters design using the tlm method
Leonardo R.A.X. de Menezes
This work presents an implementation procedure for finline bandpass filters. Using empirical formulas, a synthesis program was developed to give initial dimension values for a tridimensional TLM (Transmission Line Method) simulation. With the obtained response, new especifications are generated and used in the synthesis part which gives new dimensions. This loop continues until the initial especifications are met within the acceptable error. The TLM simulation difficulties are discussed and simulated results are shown.
Application of tpmm-technique in cad of millimeter-wave diplexer with e-plane all-metal filters
Hongwei Liu
A rigorous method, which called the three plane mode- matching (TPMM) technique, for modeling E-plane T-junction is used to design a millimeter-wave diplexer with E-plane all-metal filters at V-band, and the modeling values presented in this paper are agreed well with the results published in the literature.
Waveguide-dielectric filters based on cross-shaped waveguides
M. E. Ilchenko, A. G. Yushchenko, V. V. Popov, et al.
The cross shape of the cut-off wavegulde cross-section enables to fix the E- and H-planes dielectric inserts or resonance sizes by means of projections. The quartz and leucosapphire monocrystals are used as die- lectric material for designing band-pass filters of millimetric wave band, thus ensuring the inserts geometric dimensions sufficient for manufacturing process and unloaded Q of the working types of electromag- netic modes excited in the insert. The paper shows the results or calcu- lating and designing 8-millimeter wave-band filters on the basis or cross-shape cut-off waveguldes partially filled with leucosapphire mono- crystal in the E-plane of the wavegulde.
Spectral approach to the synthesis of bandstop filters
Valery V. Gnatenko
A non-traditional method of synthesis of bandstop filters (BSF) based on analysis and using the spectrum of eigen complex frequencies of multimode resonators forming the filter has been developed and realized. Two types of filters the resonators of which are made in the form of dual-mode step widening of rectangular waveguide in E- or H-plane are considered. A high accuracy of BSF designing is confirmed by the experiment data.
Rejection filter
S. A. Pogarsky
At present, it is very important for transceiver subsystems to be in a planar format with a maximum number of circuits functions on a single substrate. There are two general approaches for this problem: hybrid and monolitic. The hybrid represents the "now" approach, whereas the monolitic must be considered the approach of the future. Discribing rejection filter is a component of hybrid technology, it has two Impor- tant advantages, namely higher attenuation level and a simple construc- tion as comiered with previosly known one [1].This has been achived by usi a comoination of two transmission lines: an insulated image guide (IIG)ng and microstrip.
A network model for periodic structures
Mahmoud Shahabadi
In this work, an electrical network will be presented which models the behavior of the field components in periodic dielectric structures, e.g. gratings.
GaInAs/InP composite channel HEMTs for millimeter wave power applications
Mehran Matloubian
InP-based HEMTs with GaInAs channels have demonstrated great potential for millimeter wave power applications [1]. One of the major draw-back of InP-based HEMTs has been the low value of the drain-to-source breakdown voltage due to the low bandgap of the Ga0.471n0.53As channel. By using InP as the channel material it is possible to increase the bandgap of the channel and effectively the channel breakdown [2]. But due to the low mobility of InP and high sheet resistivity it is difficult to make an ohmic contact directly to the channel and the device can have a high access resistance and a high knee voltage in their I-V characteristics. By using a combination of a thin layer of GaInAs and InP as the channel material it is possible to use the advantages of both materials (high mobility of GaInAs at low fields, and high breakdown and saturation velocity of InP at high fields) [3,4]. Such a composite channel allows direct ohmic contact formation to the channel with a higher channel breakdown than an GaInAs channel but lower than an InP channel.
HEMTs for millimeter wave applications
Jun-Ichiro Nikaido
We will report state-of-the-art HEMTs and these technological advantages for millimeter wave applications. Ultra low noise performance for satellite communications has been achieved by GaAs based HEMTs using advanced epitaxy and process technologies.
V-band monolithic pseudomorphic HEMT phased array components
G. L. Lan
Recent advances in pseudomorphic HEMS' (PHEMT) MMIC technology have made it the preferred candidate fo?r high performance millimeter-wave components for phased array applications. This paper will describe the development of V-band PHEMT/MMIC components including power amplifiers and phase shifters. For the single-stage MMIC power amplifier employing a 2(X) 14m PHEMT, we achieved 151.4 mW output power (757.0 mW/mm) with 26.4 % power-added efficiency at 60 GHz. three-stage MMIC amplifier utilizing the same devices demonstrated 80 mW output power, 20.5 % power-added efficiency, and 17 dB associated gain at 57 GHz. And, for the phase shifter, a four-bit phase shifter with less than 8 dB insertion loss from 61 to 63 Olin has been achieved.
On absorbtion and emission of electromagnetic waves by 2D plasmons in space-charge layers on GaAs
Oleg R. Matov
The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from two-dimensional plasmons in AlGaAs/GaAs hetero- structure with metal grating has been calculated in a strict electromagnetic approach. The ra- diative decay linewidth is found to be two orders of magnitude larger than expected from the perturbation theory. By taking into account both radiative and dissipative mechanisms of re- laxation, the full experimental absorbtion linewidth has been quantitatively explained.
Fabrication and performances of pHEMT Ka-band 3-stage amplifiers for phased-array applications
Paul Saunier
A 100-200-400µm pHEMT amplifier has been developed for Ka-Band operation. This amplifier has achieved the state-of-the-art efficiency of 40% with 235 mW output power and 20.7 dB gain at 31 GHz. Production of variations of this amplifier in quantity of 100 to 200 has been made possible by the advance of new fabrication techniques such as Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) dry recess with etch-stop layer which insures uniformity across full three-inch wafers. Amplifiers of this type are being used in a prototype phased-array antenna.
Electromagnetic phenomena in two-dimensional electron gas with grating-coupled
V. A. Abdulkadyrov
Electromagietic phenomena In two-ntmensional electron in, is with gratheig-coupled (2-DEGGC) were studied with rigorous mathematical methods of electromagietic theory. Reflection and transmission coefficients of 2-DEGGC were determined and considered as functions of spacing parameter of grating and of dielectric- and. semiconductor-layer width. Characteristic equation of 2-DEGGC 131 analytic form was derived arid examined.
MMICs using InP based hemts for high gain, low noise, low dc power consumption microwave and millimeter-wave systems
Huei Wang
This paper presents the development of various MMICs ranging from 1 to 100 GHz using 0.1 jim gate- length pseudomorphic AlInAsfinGaAs/InP HEMT technology. These InP-based HEMT MMICs have distinct advantages in high gain, low noise and low dc power consumption over the GaAs-based HEMT MMICs. The InP HEMT device characteristics, MMIC design and performance are discussed.
Gaseous absorption in atmospheric windows at millimeter wavelengths: comparison between models and measurements
C. Guillou
Recent microwave gaseous absorption models available in the literature are tested on measurements from atmospheric field experiments, in the millimeter wave windows. Superiority of the Liebe MPM'93 model up to 90GHz is shown, while an overestimation of this model appears at higher frequency.
High-n solar recombination lines
Bruna I. Grimberg
We plan to observe solar recombination lines of hydrogen H39a (2.70mm), H40a (2.92mm), H41a 3.15mm), H42a (3.38mm) at FCRAO for oaring distance from disk center to limb. Preliminar calculations following the Hoang-Binh model (1982) show a turn from emission lines into absorption lines around n=38.
High-energy electron ionisation of rare atmospheric air: optical and radiophysical parameters of disturbed atmosperic region
S. A. Voronov
The numerical method for the rare atmospheric non-equilibrium electron energy spectrum calculation has been developed. Fast electron energy relaxation for the ineist;c process channels, determining the excitation and luminiscence of atmosperic gases, was obtained in detailes. The essential influence of the electron energy distribution function onto the SHF-radiowave absorption coefficient was investigated.
Numerical solution of the parabolic equation representing eletromagnetic wave propagation in the troposphere using box method
Weigan Lin
An implict finite-difference(IFD) scheme is introduced for solving the parabolic equation representing electromagnetic wave propagation in the troposphere. Using Box method, the fading of the -electromagnetic wave is calculated especially when the modified refractivity varies both with the range and the height in the representative atmosphere conditions. The consistency, stability and convergence of the method is demonstrated.
Remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor at Antarctica a fresh approach by 22.235 GHz radiometer
S. K. Datta
For tropospheric water vapor sensing at Antarctica, 22.235 GHz radiometer is still found better than any offset frequency. From continuous record, several events demonstrate similar trend with fast change in integrated water vapor along zenith direction.
Millimeter and submillimeter satellite radar-radiometer for early discover of hail embrions in cloid
H. H. Ajvazyan
The report briefly describes a new method for investigation of physical processes occurring in a convective cloud and a possibility to reveal hail nuclei within a cloud by means of a remote sensing of cloud in millimeter (MM) and submillimeter wave (SMMW) ranges from an aircraft or a satellite. The circuit diagram of a multichannel passive- active MM and SMMW range radar is reduce, which will allow to realize the above mentioned experimentally.
Hysteresis effects in attenuation/rain-rate relationships at the shorter millimeter wavelengths
N. I. Furashov
This reportt presents experimental data on temporal variability relationships between the attenuation coefficient I' and the rain rate R at the shorter millimetcr wavelengths and focuses attention, on "hysteresis" effects in these relationships.
An empirical model for the excess absorption by atmospheric water vapor in the spectral region from 3 to 3000 GHz
V. Yu. Katkov
In the present paper, an empirical formula is proposed which relater-'. the excess absorption by atmospheric water va or (with respect to the theoretical prediction based on the Van Vleck '-Weisskopf line shape) with frequency, temperature,water vapor and dry air pressures~ This formula makes it possible to 9erform reliable calculations of water vapor absorption at frequenci es up to 3000 |lz without understanding the true physical nature of the e:cess. A simple numerical model is formulated for computing the absorption in the frequency ranqe below 450 G11-4which is very important for remote sensing of the troposphere. This model is compared with the MPM model't.
Field measurements of water vapor absorption at 138, 247 and 340 GHz
N. I. Furashov
In the window regions between the spectral Iines" the absorption coeffici ent | of atmospheric water vapor as a function of water vapor pressure e and dry air pressure p is represented in the form:
Microstructure of rain attenuation profile at millimeter wavelength
A. Maitra
Measurements of rain attenuation at millimeter wavelengths are usually carried out with time constants in the range 1-10 sec. Using a spectrum analyzer at the output of a LOS link receiver, the microstructure of the time variation of rain attenuation at 94 GHz has been studied in Calcutta. It has been found that fine structures often exceed a few decibels and usually have a dominant time scale of a few milliseconds depending on the rain rate. Analyses of these microstructures, which may have bearings on the performance of high rate digital communications, will be presented in this paper.
The influence of turbulent atmosphere and reflections from underlying terrestrial cover on the characteristics of short mm and submm waves
G. A. Andreyev
Even at usual meteorological conditions appear fluctuations of amplitude and phase of millimeter (MM) and SubMM radiowaves during their propagation through the atmosphere thickness over the terrestrial covers with rough irregularities [1]. Within a distance of several kilometres with the heights of corresponding points of 10...15 m the coherent component of MMW being reflected from a terrestrial surface, and added up to one propagating through free space (in presence of turbulence) creates a field interference structure with short-term fade-out [2]. The maximal proficiency of digital telecommunication and data transferring systems is obtainable under such conditions by matching of amplitude and phase spectra of signal and frequency response of the propagation medium as an atmospheric radiochannel [1]. Hence, Frequency Response Functions (FRF) and Scattering Incatrices (SI) [3] could be of the most interest describing characteristics of MM/SMM Wave at the receiving point.
High resolution absorption and refractive index spectra of carbon monoxide gas at millimeter and submillimeter wavelength region
Mohammed N. Afsar
For quantitative measurement and interpretation of atmospheric pollutant gases one requires to have prior knowledge of the absorption line shape, line position, line strength of individual gas molecules. We have constructed a high resolution millimeter and submillimeter wave dispersive Fourier transform spectrometer to measure transmission, absorption coefficient and refractive index spectra of gas molecules in the laboratory. The spectral resolution is about 0.025 of a wavenumber per centimeter. The dispersive configuration of the interferometer allows the gas to be introduced in one of the active arm of the two beam interferometer to provide phase information in addition to the amplitude information. The complex Fourier transform leads us to measure the real and imaginary part of complex refractive index directly.
Gaussian-beam antenna
Toshiaki Matsui
An antenna with Gaussian-beam pattern is proposed for applications to quasi-optical techniques, including integration with MMIC in millimeter- and submillimeter-wave regions. A Fabry-Perot resonator consisting of a concave spherical mirror with partially transparent surface and a plane mirror with coupling region is used to transform a guided-wave mode into Gaussian-beam TEM00 q. A Feature of Gasussian-beam pattern is evidenced by experiments at X-band.
A 61 GHz dual beam flat antenna of dielectric waveguide with grating structures
Zong-Wen Li
According to Floquet's Theorem and Brillouin Principle , a two beam radiation antenna of inverted strip dielectric waveg- uide (ISDG) with grating structures for both dielectric grating and metallic strip grating is investigated and tested, The radia- tion characteristics of a 61 GHz dual beam flat antenna with symmetry in respect to the broadside direction are plotted. Its beam width in E plane is 4. 5°, Millimeter Wave dual beam flat antennus will be of potentially wide applications , such as air- craft , tracking radar , Collision avoidance or speed measure- ment with a required high accuracy and rejection interference. A 61 GHz integrated Doppler System with high sensitivity has been constructed as well.
A simple extension for coherent mm-wave antenna measurements
Wolfgang Menzel
A concept for a coherent extension of a mm-wave antenna measurement range based on frequency multipliers for mm-wave generation and a microwave vector network analyser is presented. As an example, a realization in the 60 GHz range is pre- sented.
A novel feed circuit and a w-band microstrip antenna array
Xuexia Zhang
In this paper, a novel feed circuit called modified T-junction splitter is proposed and a 94GHz 5X9 element microstrip comb line antenna array was designed and experimented with good performances by using the modi- fied T-junction splitter.
Ultra wide and antenna for high-power operation
E. H. Lenzing
A tapered TEM thorn' is terminated with a conical spiral antenna so the small feature size associated with submiliimeter wave operation is replaced by a structure capable of handling high power while maintaining minimal reflections over a wide frequency spectrum. Preliminary results will be presented along with possible applications.
Design of leaky wave dielectric corrugated antenna in millimeter wave range
S. C. Shrivastava
A leaky wave dielectric corrugated antenna has been designed using metallic side walls to reflected E.M. field and again coupled to the antenna. Various computational method is used to optimize the antenna. Various polar patterns are also studied.
Simulating millimeter reflector antennas
Alexander I. Nosich
The analysis is presented of cylindrical reflector antennas for both polarizations. The approach is based not on the moment method (MM) but on the regularisation technique, and that of the complex source for directive feeding. The results display a remarkably uniform and accurate far-field pattern prediction with surprisingly low CPU requirements. Radiation of a radomed antenna is also studied.
Determination of characteristics of complex antenna systems by analyzing the spatial spectrum of aperture distribution
U. Liepin
Algorithms of the discrete antenna control systems adopted to the geophysical situation, interference radiation and antenna technical condition are presented. Also, shown is the possibility to carry out the defectoscopy of antenna systems by the use of radiation which is their own or not. As the mathematical basis it was used the optimal control theory developed by Stratanovitch, Aoki, Sadice as well as technique of direct and inverse Fourier transform. Emphasis was placed on the optimization of the space processing of signals.
Analysis and design of millimeter wave planar dielectric beam antennas with low side lobe level
V. Kalinichev
The diffraction problem of surface wave scattering by a finite number of transverse metal strips placed on a surface of dielectric slab is solved. The proposed approach is applied to analysis of antennas based on periodic gratin as wel as to design of tapered antennas with low side lobe level.
Theoretical and experimental study of a frequency scanning beam antenna at 60 GHz frequency range
V. Kalinichev
The effective analysis of an antenna fabricated on a dielectric slab and excited by a dominant surface mode is fulfilled. In particular, the frequency scanning property was determined. The experimental data is given which agree very closely to the numerical ones.