Comparison of three methods for the 3D measurement of turbine blades
Author(s):
Timothy A. Clarke;
Stuart Robson;
Jin Chen
Show Abstract
The accurate measurement of objects such as turbine blades is of great importance in determining ''as built'' dimensions. From these data further information can be derived which allows assessment of: balance damage and adherence to design plans. In this paper three techniques for the reconstruction of 3-D shape are compared and contrasted. Examples of data collected from: Photogrammetry Optical Triangulation and Moire are presented. The method chosen for a particular task will depend on the qualities of each technique sufficient information is given to assist in an appropriate selection.
Control system for detecting cut-time of milk coagulation using ultrasonic method
Author(s):
Youxian Wen;
Jianyin Liu;
Liming Yu;
Sundaram Gunasekaran
Show Abstract
The research developed new and non-destructive method to detect the cutting time of milk coagulation. The system used for estimating cut-time of milk coagulation consisted of a high frequency signal generator transmitter and receiver transducers computerized data acquisition and control executive circuits. When input signal frequency equals to the inherent frequency of the ultrasonic transducer-milk coagulation system the output signal of the receiver transducer is the same frequency sine wave as that of the emit transducer and only different on their amplitude. The RMS. to DC conversion designed converted the high frequency signal into dc signal so that the computer can process easily it. The whole control system was operated by running designed EASYEST program and the clotting time(turning point) and cutting time(cutting point) was determined automatically. The experiments running the control system in laboratory produced positive correlation between the attenuation of ultrasonic signal and the physical property of milk coagulation.
Detailed study of synthesized light sources for white-light interferometric systems
Author(s):
Yanong N. Ning;
D. N. Wang;
Kenneth T. V. Grattan;
Andrew W. Palmer;
Kenneth Weir
Show Abstract
Results of a study on the use of synthesized ligth sources are presented. The favarable wavelength combinations for a pair of MLDs was simulated theroetically and verified experiementally. Under the condition of the best wavelength combination the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required by the system was found to be 18. 1 dB in theory and 22. 1 db from experiment. The relationships between the wavelengths of two diodes their coherence lengths and the SNR required by the system are shown and discussed.
Dynamic approach for measuring the coupling of software systems
Author(s):
Erich Schikuta
Show Abstract
In this paper a dynamic approach to measure the coupling of software systems is proposed. The conventionally used static measures are only limited suitable for the evaluation and characterization of such systems. We extend the static methodology with a dynamic component and define new measures based on this approach. A model for system characterization based on varying execution profiles is given. The layout of an automated monitor system is presented which can be directly integrated into a software development system.
Long-term ambulatory monitoring system for walking behaviors of a human
Author(s):
Takashi Takahashi;
Masashi Yamanaka;
Hisao Osawa;
K. Sagawa;
H. Inooka
Show Abstract
An ambulatory measurement system for human walking is discussed. We found that the acceleration waveform at the waist varied significantly according to the sort of walking e. g. on a fiat floor or up/down stairs. The method proposed in this paper detects the variation of the waveform to identify the walking. The procedures of the method are as follows: At the beginning several acceleration waveforms for each sort of walking are measured and classified using the clustering method to make a set of reference waveforms. Next measured waveforms are compared with the clusters then we recognize which sort of walking the waveform comes from.
Parallel beam-scanning system for flatness measurements of thin plates
Author(s):
Kuang-Chao Fan;
John H. Wu
Show Abstract
This paper describes the work to develop a Parallel Beam Scanning System (PBSS) for the non-contact measurement of surface flatness of thin plates. The PBSS consists of a He-Ne laser source having good pointing stability a scanner to create divergent scanning beams a large aplanatic meniscus lens to convert the divergent beams to parallel beams a linear stage to drive the testpiece to each sampling position a screen for the projection of reflected beams from the tested surface and an image processing unit to analyze the projected image. Due to the out-of-flatness of the surface the straight line formed by the incident parallel beams will be distorted and magnified on the screen as it is reflected from the tested surface. The stage then positions the testpiece step-by-step to carry out measurements in the line-by-line sequence. A CCD camera is employed to capture the image of the distorted line on the screen each time. With the proposed mathematical model the flatness data of the testpiece can be computed from the input image data. Experimental results by the use of this system have shown in good agreement with the results obtained from the coordinate measuring machine. This system can be applied to the flatness measurements of thin plates such as sheet metals sheet moulding compound (SMC) plates glass plates etc. which are difficult to measure by traditional methods.
New method of best-fitting on curved surface
Author(s):
Akira Kyusojin;
Yoshinori Akimoto
Show Abstract
With the coordinates measuring machine the measured points are obtained as a series of points consist of the original feature and the deviations caused by misalignment i. e. translated deviation and angular deviation. To evaluate the form deviation accurately it is required to best-fit the measured feature to the ideal feature. Conventional best-fitting has been done to minimize the sum of squares of deviations between measured feature and ideal feature by translating and rotating the measured feature. It is possible for the curved line but too difficult for the curved surface. This paper gives a new method of best-fitting using datums which minimize the sum of squares in its normal direction. The datum is defined as straight line for the curved line and plane for the curved surface. When the datum of measured feature is coincided with that of the ideal feature the deviations caused by misslignment are eliminated. In order to confirm the reliability of this method computer simulations and practical measurements were made. Then close agreement was obtained. Key words: coordinate measuring machine best-fitting curved surface datum method of least-squares form deviation software on the measurement accuracy y C) - Measured feature . /Ideal feature -I. Fig. 1 Conventional bestfitting method Ideal Measured feature feature eviation a) curved line Fig. 2 Designation of form deviation 54 / SPIE Vol. 2101 Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments (1993) b) curved surface
Novel cantilever-beam field-emission pressure sensor
Author(s):
Ruey-Shing Star Huang;
Hsien-Chung Lee;
Mark Gross;
C. M. Horwitz
Show Abstract
Due to an increasing interest in the study of field emission emitters for vacuum microelectronic devices a variety of new designs on cold cathodes were reported. In this paper we will report a novel pressure sensor utilizing the field-emission from two cantilever beams on a thin pressure sensitive silicon diaphragm. A simulation of the normalized output current as a funcfion of applied pressure is presented. Results of experimental cantilever-beam field-emission pressure sensor and some of the emission phenomena are reported.
New method for sampling inspection by variables under undesirable measurement conditions
Author(s):
Yu Zhang;
X. D. Fang
Show Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to modify the traditional method for sampling inspection by variables to suit undesired measurement conditions. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the effects of measurement errors on different types of acceptance schemes this paper gives two modified equations for revising the sampling size ii and the acceptability constant k to form a new acceptance scheme (n'' k'') under undesired measurement conditions. It has proved that the new method is suitable to different types of sampling inspection by variables including that for mean value and that for percent defective. The new acceptance scheme based on the method presented in this paper provides an engineering feasibility to replace the traditional scheme to suit undesired measurement conditions. KEY WARDS: Sampling Inspection by Variables Measurement Errors Acceptance Scheme Sample Size Acceptability Constant.
Robotic grip-stress fiber-optic sensor
Author(s):
Suwan Kusamran;
Preecha P. Yupapin
Show Abstract
An investigation of the use of a fibre optic sensor configured as a stress sensing device is presented. A highly birefringent fiber (Hi-Bi) incorporating a laser diode as a light source is employed and demonstrated for the measurement of the relationship between the coupled light power and applied force or stress. The force-induced coupling of power between the two eigenmodes of the light propagating in the fibre allows the magnitude of the applied force to be measured and controlled. Results obtained have shown that this device may have potential in industrial or robotic sensor applications. Theoretical aspects of the sensor system in this arrangement are discussed.
Absolute distance measurement with high accuracy using a laser diode
Author(s):
Xiao-Ming Sun;
Xifu Qiang;
Mao-Hua Zhu
Show Abstract
In this paper a high accuracy heterodyne interferorneter measuring absolute distance is proposed. The triangular current is applied to the laser diode and frequency shift is performed using Bragg Cell and two-modulation is achieved. A high frequency clock for the phase measurement is employed. The system has high accuracy and high sensitivity.
Adaptive discretization in random process measurement problems
Author(s):
Ch. M. Hajiyev
Show Abstract
Herein on the basis of the outlying theory the correspondence between discretisation intervals of a supervised value and some preset value of the criterion which defines the supervision certainty is determined. As a result the adaptive measurement discretisation algorithm has been developed obtaining (by the measure and statistics) the time interval after which the next supervision is to be performed.
Advanced fault diagnosis for the mass production of small-power electric motors
Author(s):
Dieter Filbert
Show Abstract
High quality is a principal goal in the mass production of electric niotors (i.e. d.c. motors for cars and universal motors for
house hold appliances).The processing of vibration and acoustical signals are widely used in quality assurance in the mass
production but the coupling of the sensors to the motor as well as noise produced in the environment make it still difficult to
get reproducible diagnostic results. High quality in production can be achieved by the powerful modern diagnostic methods
which became possible because of the progress in microelectronics (microprocessors and signal processors). This progress
made mathematical methods and signal processing applicable. Therefore this paper deals with diagnostic methods that use
the measured signals of voltage, current and speed only but achieve a good testing. It gives an overview of new methods for
the feature extraction and fault detection on small power electric motors.
Alignment measurement with laser diode
Author(s):
Shu-Yuan Ma;
Jinwen Liang
Show Abstract
The alignment technique is very important to the field of geometrical measurements, especially for large scale measurements. This technique can be used to solve a lot of problems found in size or profile measurements. At present the light beam of He-Ne laser is mainly used in the alignment devices. In such devices, the light beam drift and the mechanisms distortion caused by temperature change of light source is one of the main factors affecting the alignment precision. This paper presents an alignment device with laser diode. Since the laser diode has advantages of small size and easy use, and the temperature can be controlled easily, so the alignment precision can be obtained easily and the apparatus will become compact. The paper showed the influence of temperature change on the alignment precision and the methods of temperature control. Thea alignment precision was evaluation to be 1x10-6 from the results of experiments.
Algorithms for image reconstruction from projections in optical tomography
Author(s):
Lin-Sheng Zhu;
Su-Yi Huang
Show Abstract
It is well known that the determination ofthe temperature field by holographic interferometry is a successful method in the measurement of thermophysics. In this paper some practical algorithms for image reconstruction from projections are presented to produce the temperature field. The algorithms developed consists in that the Radon transform integral equation is directly solved by grid method and that the Radon inversion formula is numerically evaluated by twodimensional Fourier transform technique. Some examples are given to verify the validity of the above methods in practice.
Analysis on modern measuring methods of curved surfaces
Author(s):
Chao-Wei Tang;
Xi-Chang Liang;
Chang-Ping Zou
Show Abstract
There are lots of curved surfaces in machine manufacturing. For example. blades ot' water turbine, shells of
rnotoreyle shells of airplane, mould, etc. Now, there isn't satisfactorical solution about the problem how to ne
asure these curved surface. Modern nasuring methods of curved surfaces include the method of three-coordinate
machine, the rithod of photograrnmetry, the method of raster projection, the method of rasuring by intersection
of eleetronie-theodolites, the irthod of laser interferometry, the method laser diffractometry, the method of
laser triangulation, etc. Now, let's introduce then respectively.
Analysis of two measurement methods in axial clearance of roller bearings specially used in freight trains
Author(s):
Wenxian Chen;
Xiu-Zhen Jiao;
Xiao Ming Lu
Show Abstract
The magnitude of axial clearance of roller bearing used in freight trains is an important factor affecting the durability of bearing. This paper introduces two methods ( pushing outer ring and reversion approach) to measure the axial clearance of roller bearing used in freight trains and according to the analysis of force the two methods are compared with each other. Up to now the measuring instrument of bearing clearance based on the theory of these two methods mentioned above has been successfully made and it has been practically proved that the latter is better than the former.
Analysis of the sensitivity and resolution of the spectrometer in the field
Author(s):
Ben-He Jiang;
Wenyi Chen;
Yun-Qing Jiang;
Sheng-Jun Du
Show Abstract
This paper expounds the principle of the spectrometer in the field with PbS detector derives the expression of the sensitivity and resolving power of the spectrometer also gives the calculated results and analyses the results The spectrometer devised with the calculated parameter is used to measure the reflectance of the objects in the field The results are identical in the main with the calculated data
Application of higher polynomial with variable coefficients to investigation of tool wear and fracture-fusion model in monitoring the cutting processes of turning and end-milling
Author(s):
Zhen-Bi Luo;
Yu Quan;
Zheng Li;
Anne Jinsong Wang
Show Abstract
This paper presents a set of feature parameters characterizing tool wear and fracture in turning and endmilling processes which are extracted from the acoustic emission (AE) and vibration signals through frequency analysis and multistep extraction analysis. A tool wear and fracture fusion model is made on the relevance analysis trend analysis and the least square regression. Based on the recognition algorithm of selfsimilar analysis the value of tool wear can be calibrated. Using the abovementioned research results a realtime tool monitoring system is developed for turning and endmilling processes with higher rate of success fewer prediction errors and faster response time
Application of system-error-removing technology to closed-loop control system of on-line measurement in grinding operations
Author(s):
Zhi-Chuan Zhang;
Xingwu Liu;
Pu-Qun Wang
Show Abstract
This paper offers a detailed introduction to a successful technical solution to system error removing in grinding operation by Geometrical Adaptive Control(GAC). The system is composed of a machine tool an in-process measuring instrument and an on-line measuring machine. Accuracy of the workpiece ground is to be judged by measuring machine sends signals to in-process measuring instrument or grinder in order to control the feeding amount of tool thus a close-loop control system for grinding operation is formed. All errors made by the system (because of temperature humidity air pressure vibration time drift)will be removed through calibration with standard workpiece (self-examination of the measuring machine). FOREWORD With the development of science and technology in recent years mechanical processing tends to adaptive control and flexible manufacturing systems precision machinery and precision instrument are directed to high accuracy and automation. In the late 70s micro electronics technology makes IC from the stage of large-scale to ultra-large-scale Resolution of digital display reaches 0. 1 . tm. positioning accuracy of test instrument reaches the level of submicro-meter. The accuracy speed and stability of on-line measurer and measuring machine directly influences machining accuracy and working efficiency of proceesing system being inspected. Ready-made close-loop control system of on-line measurement in grinding operation meets the requirement of machining circle (4 seconds) . Its accuracy reaches 0. 5 ii m or even higher. In large batch production. GAC has
Application of computer in fine-dividing grating signals
Author(s):
Hua-Lin Cai
Show Abstract
This paper presents a new method in the application of computer in fine dividing grating signals the basic idea of which is to use computer software in the analysis and processing of measured results of grating signals to generate a fast look-up table. The round sum of grating signals'' preiods is counted by a hardware-counter and the fine dividing value is processed by means of software . The whole system consists of simple circuits but has a high accuracy and a high resolution ratio. Key words: fine dividing grating interference fast look-up table sinusoid constant-amplitude orthogonality.
Application of symbolic representation method to the analysis of machine errors
Author(s):
Cha'o-Kuang Chen;
Tzong-Mou Wu
Show Abstract
jSYlIJIJOliC FepVCSCIltaLiOfl of rnachiiie errors for the opetied loop chain aJl(1 closed J():)fJ Cllaifl iii positioii and orientation is presented. i]iis representatioL1 (foes away with CtJJ11l)CrSOUC natrix rnuitiplicaiioiis and is able tO Ofilit 1ie zero value of multiplication of matrix. A program is also (leVeIolJC(I by I''iogran syrti holic rcj:ncseii lation method which is apjilicable to the analysis of nialiiiie Crrors. An example is given to illustrate the use of this prograiii for the analysis of machue errors. it is hoped that the itietliod presented if! this study will provide an easy and powerful tool for the analysis of machine errors. In iroduc Lion lfoclianism are commonly used in . i specified pOSitiOfl and orienLation in two or Ldimensional space. In accuracies introduced by clearances in the mechanism connections and errors j manufacturing are one of the prin SP1E Vol. 2101 Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments (1993)! 155
Applying the adjusting method of least square to obtain original data of flatness error
Author(s):
Dong-Sheng Li;
Jiubin Tan;
Xifu Qiang;
Wenguo Yang;
Xi-Ping Zhao
Show Abstract
In order to reflect the shape of measured flat fully and reasonably authors of the paper apply the least square method to the processing of original data. First of all the paper expounds the establishment of mathematical model by means of simple examples. Then the difference of accuracy of two patterns is compared under the condition when the number of measured points are same and the patterns of mensuring pathes are different. Thereby the scheme of measuring path which can reach higher accurary is determined. Finally through calculating two groups of data and comparing the results with that of traditianal method the correctness rcasonableness and practicality of the method are verified.
Approach to improving the accuracy of K/S value in a computer color-matching system
Author(s):
Yue-Huai Huang;
Jie Zeng;
Jiangping Yang;
Zu-Dong Chen
Show Abstract
This paper introduces important parameters K / S value in computer color matching. Besides illustrates a mathematical model of actual K / S value and a coefficient correction method which is used to increase the color matching accuracy of dark textile.
Approach to on-line monitoring for generator set
Author(s):
Yan-Bin Liu
Show Abstract
The principle of pattern recognition for generator running state is introduced in this paper. The characteristics of vibration signal which is picked up from generator set are analyzed. Based on the pattern recognition and characteristies analysis the comprehensive criterion which possesses selfadaptive function are constructed. The cxperimental result shows that the comprehensive criterion which is constructed by pattern vector is practicaland effective for monitoring generator running.
Automated nondestructive inspector of aging aircraft
Author(s):
Ian L. Davis;
Mel Siegel
Show Abstract
Under the FAA Aging Aircraft Research program (grant # G03 19014) we are developing robots to deploy conventional and later new-concept NDI sensors for commercial aircraft skin inspection. Our prototype robot the Automated NonDestructive Inspector (ANDI) holds to the aircraft skin with vacuum assisted suction cups scans an eddy current sensor and translates across the aircraft skin via linear actuators. Color CCD video cameras will be used to align the robot with a series of rivets we wish to inspect in a linear scan using NDI inspection sensors. In this paper we provide a background scenario and describe two different solutions to the alignment problem: a model-based system built around edge detection and a trainable neural network system.
Automatic noncontact three-dimensional gauging via sensor fusion
Author(s):
Shawn Buckley;
Joseph J. Tavormina
Show Abstract
Manufacturers are now driving toward the increased use of automation and the goal of zero-defects. As quality is improved and defect rates approach the popularized " Six-Sigma" level (customarily 3. 4 defects per million) manual or sampled measurementtechniques limit the achievementof product quality and manufacturing cost objectives. New automated inspection and gaging technology is required for process verification and control. To be competitive in the current manufacturing environment new gaging technology must be integrated into the manufacturing process to provide on-line feedback. The co-authors are founders of CogniSense a technology company dedicated to industrial inspection and gaging applications which use non-contact sensing techniques. CogniSense is currently applying its technology in the precision metalforming and other manufacturing industries to perform automatic dimensional measurement and provide real time information used to control and fine-tune the manufacturing process. A variety of sensors are used to detect the characteristics of parts on-line as they are produced. Data from multiple sensors is " fused" and analyzed by a dedicated microcomputer which evaluates the sensory signature and calculates critical dimensions from the sensor input to determine whether parts are within the acceptable tolerance range. Pattern recognition algorithms are used to automatically select the sensors which provide the most important information about critical part characteristics and dimensions. These algorithms operate by observing the changes in sensor output as critical features of the part are varied. The decision-making algorithms
Automatic calibration and correction for intelligent measuring instruments
Author(s):
Zhen-Gao Xu;
Shunian Yang;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
A microprocessor-controlled measuring system model is described in this paper . This system which consists of a sliding guide with a linear motion slide plate a linear inductosyn the signal processing circuit and the microprocessor system can be used on some machine tools such as the lathe the milling machine the drilling machine etc. to take measurements of the absolute displacement of slide plates in process. In order to maintain the expectant accuracy in measurement over a long time it is necessary for the measuring system to be calibrated and corrected periodically . The mathematical models used to approximate the error curve are developed. By utilizing the computing ability of microprocessor the automatic calibration and correction for intelligent instruments can be realized conveniently and an expectant accuracy can be maintained in the period between two successive auto-calibrations.
Autoadjusting system for optimum metal-cutting parameters
Author(s):
Gong-Liang Huang;
Yong Yan;
Yurong Wang
Show Abstract
The metal-cutting parameters of metal-cutting process influence the production efficiency and quality
directly.Manual parameter selection which is totally depended on experience can hardly guarantee the selected
parameters to be optimum every time.The system presented in this paper is a computerized intelligent metal-cutting
parameter correction system,which is based on digital signal process theory,pattern recognition method and
non-liner optimization method.
Bispectral identification and modeling analysis of clutter
Author(s):
Han-Ming Zhou;
Zai-Lin Guan;
Ya Wu;
Shuzi Yang
Show Abstract
In this paper, the alogrithm of bispectral consistent estimation is discussed, and it is applied to the identification
of type Ix-4 lathe chatter phenanenon. Furthermore, for the data of chatter, a modelling analysis of threshold
model and bilinear model is made.
Calibration system for national line standard: a first look
Author(s):
Dini Andiani;
Jimmy Pusaka
Show Abstract
There are a number of designs have been used for the rigid line standard calibration system including those which employ the interferometry technique. This paper concerns a simple design utilising a laser interferometry system which can be expected to provide better accuracy. The design is extended to enable the calibration system to automatically correct the orientation of the calibrated item. Error compensation due to unavoidable misalignment is also described.
Capacitive inclination sensor made of quartz
Author(s):
Feng Yuan;
Qi-Shan Wang;
Cheng-Bin Wang;
Maosheng Cao
Show Abstract
Fused quartz is characterized by extreme low coefficient of linear expansion , small elastic hysteresis and good
stability. Thus , it is an ideal material for sensor. A capacitive inclination sensor i s presented in this paper ,whose sensing
element is made of fused quartz and fixed plates are made of invar. So it has very small temperature shift.
The sensor uses differential structure to reduce non-linearity and improve sensitivity. Its mass block is supported by
a flexibility bridge. Therefore , friction, wearing and moving due to the gap in supports are avoided. The design work and
experiment results are given in the paper.
Characteristic calculation of contact units for temperature control
Author(s):
Wenxian Chen;
Yanzhou Zhou;
Xiu-Zhen Jiang
Show Abstract
The article studies the use of temperaturecontrolling unit which can control temperature changes and separately calculates the contact force between two contactors and temperature controlling characteristics.
Coarse-grating large-displacement measuring system with microprocessor
Author(s):
Peng Lin;
Xianghui Yuan;
Guolin Lu
Show Abstract
First the paper introduces the Ryatem principle:the displacement ie proportional to the period variation AT and the moving direction depends on the AT'' symbol (''4'' or ''-''). Then it discusses the system circuit realized by microproceaaor the system software which handles data at top speed. The initial experiment shows that the system can resist interference and is reliable to run well on worksite.
Comparison of experimental methods for determination of dynamic properties of viscoelastic material
Author(s):
L. H. Yam;
Leung Hiu Kong;
Lee Wing Wah;
Fung Ka Fai
Show Abstract
Four experimental methods for determination of dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials are presented. The first and the second ones are the strain and acceleration measurement at two different crosssections of an axially impacted rod specimen respectively. The third method adopts resonance technique and the fourth one is correction method. Tests are carried out with Nylon 6 and Polyurethane(pU) . The diagrams of complex Young''s modulus and loss factor versus frequency are obtained. Comparison shows that the results from these four methods are reasonably close. The useful frequency ranges for valid results for each method are discussed.
Compensating method of zero drift for magnetosensing torque sensors
Author(s):
Dong-Sheng Li;
Jiubin Tan;
Xifu Qiang;
Wenguo Yang;
Xi-Ping Zhao
Show Abstract
The paper analyses the torque error which is brought by zero drift and searches for the effective method to compensate the error. In accordence with the characteristics of wave form of signal two kinds of reasonable compensation method have been put forward. Experiments show that these methods possess ideal compensation effect. The zero drift of magneto-sensing torque sensor has been decreased to permissible extent.
Composite errors of long gage blocks
Author(s):
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Zhong Chen;
Jun Xu;
Feng Yuan;
YiBao Yuan
Show Abstract
The composite errors of long gage blocks and the method for controlling these error are discussed which provides a basis for effectively improving composite accuracy. The theoretical work and experiment were conducted to analyze the effect of deformation errors caused by clamp force. When the gage blocks of different lengths are wrung together and proper clamp force is applied the composite errors can be controlled within o. 1um which provides an advantageous condition for the application ofthe composite gage blocks.
Computer-aided system of diagnosing mechanical failures for periodic monitoring
Author(s):
Ze-Xiang Zhao;
Zuo-Jing Jiang
Show Abstract
This paper briefly describes the composition of hardware and software of a computer-aided system for diagnosing mechanical failures in periodic monitoring. The production practice has been fully considered in the design of the system which makes monitoring analysis and diagnosis into an organ whole. The system has the advantages of multi-functions low cost and large flexibility. It is also simple to operate and easy to popularize.
Computer-aided analysis and design of accuracy of precision instruments
Author(s):
Shanzhong Zhang;
Tong Sun
Show Abstract
Employing a method of computer aided analysis and design of accuracy of precision instruments the authors have developed programs for computing variations of direction and width of interference fringes caused by angle alteration of the moving mirror and the optimal design of the angle variations of the moving mirror in the Michelson Interferometric System. All the theoretical and numerical results show that the method is effective and practical.
Computer-aided evaluation of spiral surface profile errors
Author(s):
Shu-Wen Cao;
Wen-Ming Yao;
Tie-Bang Xie
Show Abstract
A general mathematical model for evaluating spiral surface profile errors based on the
principle of minimum zone is presented in this paper. It is quite different from the geometry
judgement method and is an intuitive and distinct algebraic equation that is easily realized on a
computer.
Computer-based measuring system of transmission accuracy of machine tools
Author(s):
Cheng Rui Zhang;
Xiang Chun Sun;
Chun Yan Li
Show Abstract
A new method--difference frequency sub-division technique is proposed to process the signals of a group of phase (or frequency)-modulated sensors(e.g. inductosyn). The new method can achieve the measuring resolution as high as O.07M (or 0, 04 rim). A new system, based on the above method, is developed, with a 8098 microprocessor and circle inductosyn, for measuring transmission chain kinematic error of gear bobbing machine.The long and adjacent period error can be obtained simultaneously with the measuring accuracy of 1. This system provides an effective means for measurement and improvement of transmission chain accuracy of machine tools. Keywords:Transmission chain accuracy, Inductosyn,Difference frequency,Sub-division, On-line measurement.
Computer-based judgment of geometric criteria of form errors on rotary surfaces
Author(s):
Dan Chen;
Zhuang De Jiang;
Tian Xiao Zhang
Show Abstract
In this paper a new computer- based method of evaluating form errors of rotary surfaces has been presented. In a rotary surface measuring system with building corresponding mathematics models a practical judgement software for sphericity error measurement has been developed. This system can process data which come from different coordinate and apply three kinds of criteria.
Condition monitoring of rolling-element bearings by using cone-kernel time-frequency distribution
Author(s):
Wenyi Wang;
Michael J. Harrap
Show Abstract
A method for condition monitoring of rolling element bearings is proposed in this paper. Timefrequency analysis using a cone kernel distribution applied to the envelope signal of the bearing vibration has shown an advantage over the high frequency resonance technique. In particular it is proven to be effective for multi-fault and ball fault detection of ball bearings. A comparison of the diagnostic ability of two other timefrequency distributions (spectrogram and distribution) is also presented.
Control and self-diagnosis in uP-based measurement systems
Author(s):
Ivan Kalchev
Show Abstract
This paper describes a new conception about self-diagnosis organization in the common structure in micro-processor (pP) based distributed systems. The article considers supplementary functions of typical supervisor programme and creates formal method for generating and accumulating of diagnostic information in regime of real time. The examined topic are self-removing short-lived random errors whose character is little continuation (parts of second). In extremal conditions namely for them (errors) is most probably to exchange into stable ones. It''s given a possibility for investigating the frequency of their appearance in connection with the external environmental factors.
Controller design criteria for the dual-stage disk-actuator system
Author(s):
Zhimin Yuan;
Jiangling Zhang;
Lian Xing Jia
Show Abstract
The dual-stage disk actuator discussed here uses a voice coil motor (VCM) as a coarse actuator and a piezoelectric actuator (PZT) mounted on VCM as a fine actuator. The mechanism and the control system of the dual-stage actuator was analyzed in this paper and the criterion ofjudging the quality of the dual-stage actuator was received. The behaviors associated VCM with PZT in the process of seeking settling and following are described here also.
Condition monitoring of a rolling-element bearing at a low speed using vibration analysis
Author(s):
Yi Fu Zhang
Show Abstract
The methods by which damaged rolling element bearings generate vibration at a low speed how that vibratioll may be measured and separated from vibration produced by other mechanical components and how that vibration may be analyzed and interpreted as well as examined for a variety damage locations and operating conditions.
Correlation between the in-process acoustic emission method and the weight-loss method of measuring corrosion
Author(s):
K. H.W. Seah;
Kah Bin Lim;
C. H. Chew;
Swee Hin Teoh
Show Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted in which corrosion of mild steel in dilute hydrochloric acid was measured by the inprocess acoustic emission method as well as the conventional weightloss method. Results indicate that there is a marked correlation between these two methods of corrosion measurement. It is possible to detect the different stages of corrosion namely uniform corrosion nonuniform corrosion and intense localised corrosion based on the observed acoustic emission count rate. The acoustic emission signals emitted from the corrosion activities were of sufficient magnitude to be easily detected by piezoelectric transducers. The results demonstrate that the acoustic emission technique can be used to monitor and predict the rate of corrosion.
Cutter magnetizing treatment devices
Author(s):
Deqiang Mu;
Qing Fa Ji;
Yu Yang;
Ruo Ju Li
Show Abstract
In tins paper ,the cutter magnetizing treatment device is introduced. lools are treated by a I)tlISe niagnetic field of high intensity in it SO S to eliniinate or reduce internal stress of tool face a 0(1 1)lade ,arl 1 e ii g t h e n tool life. I'be resu 1 ts of test and a 1)Plicatiofl have shown that the (ItViC( is very sinpIe in nianufacttiring ail easy in tising ; treating time is less than a minute; Cli t ter strea tC(l have no Tilagnetislil atlil can be used ininiediately ; tool average life 'an be increased by a factor of (20-50) % ,tlie highest increase is about twice.
Two-dimensional-SROP-1: optical profiler for surface-roughness measurement
Author(s):
Chong Liu;
Zhu Li;
Jiabi Chen
Show Abstract
A new optical profiler for surface roughness measurement developed by the authors is described in this paper. Based on an analyses of phase shifting error in phase shifting interferiietry a new algorithm for eliminating the effect of the error is presented. The experiments show that the development of this instrument is successful and it has a vertical resolution of 1 nni lateral resolution of 0. 42 Itm and a repeatability of Ra 0. 6 nni.
Design of doubly encoded spectrometer
Author(s):
Feng Sheng Zhang;
Hunian Ye;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
A doubly encoded spectrometer built on WDPSOO2A plane grating monochrometer has been developed. It allows one to recover both multiplexing advantage and high throughput advantage. Special emphasis has been placed on several key problems encountered in practical design such as the spectral estimate dedispersion layout mask design and the compensation of spectral linecurvature.
Design of a Ti:LiNbO3 sensor for the simultaneous measurement of stress and temperature
Author(s):
S. Cucurachi;
Antonella D'Orazio;
Marco De Sario;
Vincenzo Petruzzelli;
Francesco Prudenzano
Show Abstract
The resolution of a sensor designed to measure strain may be compromised by fluctuations in the environment temperature. This problem can be solved by considering a combined interferometnic-polanimetric measure: in fact if both the interferometric phases for the TE-like and TM-like polarizations are determined the solution of a system of two equations allows for the simultaneous recovery of strain and temperature. In this paper we discuss the possibility of making unambiguous measurements by using the integrated-optic Michelson interferometer consisting of a semi-asymmetric Xjunction made by titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguides designed and built specifically for the stress temperature and microdisplacement measurements.
Design of a surface-roughness measuring sensor with high accuracy and wide dynamic range
Author(s):
Xiao Dong Lu;
Xiangqian Jiang;
Tie-Bang Xie;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
In this paper a new stylus sensor is introduced which has high accuracy microdisplacement and wide dynamic range. Its resolution is O. OO5m its range of vertical measurement is mm. The sensor''s mechanical characteristics including statical and dynamic mechanical characteristics are discussed. Key words: surface roughness roughness measurement sensor design
Development of metrology in middle-south China
Author(s):
Rong Qi Qiao;
Da Chong Wang
Show Abstract
This paper gives a brief introduction to Middle South National Centre of Metrology (MNCM) the three recently developed metrological standards and measurement systems as well as the two examples of intelligent instruments which have been developed in MNCM.
Development of on-line measurement system for grinding machining
Author(s):
Xiwen Wang;
Da Xiu Chen
Show Abstract
In this paper a new type of intelligent on-line measurer is developed which is used for on-line measuring diametershape and place value of the axle. In the meter MCS-51''1 microcontroller is adopted. The sensor is an inductance transducer. The dynamic character of the sensor is analyzed in detail. That is say how the poor dynamic character of the meter make the on-line measuring error If the meter is a first-order system and the input function is a ramp function the respond error of the system to the input is analyzed. With this method the system error is compensated by the software. So the accuracy of the measuring result is high enough. In order to keep the measuring system work at worksite in normal condition the anti-interference techniques are adopted. In addition to hardware anti-interference technique is used the redundant programming technique and watchdog system are used too in the software. lastly the real measuring result is given.
Development of an automatic precision positioner
Author(s):
Shunian Yang;
Zhen-Gao Xu;
Zhu Li;
Jiabi Chen;
Tao Chen
Show Abstract
The measuring technique of focus shift is adopted in the automatic precision positioner developed by the authors based on the principle of astigmatism. According to the specific result measured a control circuit and a high-precision actuator are designed for the moving-positioning of the positioner. The positioner has been used successfully in a focusing system of an optical instrument. Key words : astigmatism focus shift position detection precision displacing mechanism
Development of automatic measuring system for precision servovalve control edge
Author(s):
Shi Min Wang;
Jian Cheng Liang;
Ji-Hong Chen
Show Abstract
This paper describes measurement principle of precision servovalve control-edge. The automatic measuring system for precision servovalve control-edge is established Seven kinds of parameters and three kinds of characteristic curves can be gained. Hardware and software design for the system is introduced. Experiment results of measurement system are presented. Measuring errors of the system are analyzed. Finally several conclusions are obtained.
Development of high-temperature permeability and shock-tearing measurements for shell molds
Author(s):
N. M. Nagarajan;
H. M. Roshan
Show Abstract
Shell Moulding in Foundry processes became popular because a skin or shell of
sand forms the mould and the finished mould is obtained without ramming. Shell
permeability is the capability of a cured shell specimen to allow air to pass
through it. Not much work is reported on high temperature permeability, a
knowledge of which is highly essential to prevent mould dilation and gas porosity,
in order to obtain close tolerance castings. Hence an experimental set up is
developed to measure high temperature permeability for testing shell raoulds. Test
results reveal that an increase in mould temperature and sand fineness ninaber,
decreases the permeability drastically.
Cracking or tearing of shell mould caused under the influence of thermal
shock of molten metal while pouring, results in metal penetration and runout.
This tendency is due to the quality or quantity of resin, catalyst and other
process variables in mould making. Experimental set up is developed to observe
and record cracking tendency of shell mould by simulating pouring condition. Test
results indicate that insufficient air flow rate and air temperature during resin
coating, increase crack failures. An increase in resin content decreases shock
tearing tendency. Catalyst hexamine addition below 16 percent and beyond 20
percent is prone to shock tearing.
Diameter measurement by laser at the submicron accuracy level
Author(s):
E. Mainsah;
Cheuk-Mun G. Wong;
Kenneth J. Stout
Show Abstract
One important consequence of the " Quality Revolution" that is currently taking place in all sectors of advanced manufacturing industry is the requirement for more systematic and precise measurement. This is a pre-requisite for controlling tolerances on manufactured components and for ensuring that products leaving the factory meet the required specifications. The dramatic increase in computer power coupled with the demands of the space age nanotechnology and customer sophistication have meant that instrumentation is being constantly pushed to the limits in terms of accuracy tolerance and speed. Diameter measurements are carried out on a daily basis in many sectors of manufacturing industry. Due to the emphasis on factors such as speed accuracy and repeatability the current trend is to move away from conventional measurement techniques (metre rule measuring tape Vernier callipers) towards non-contact techniques. One of such techniques involves the use of the laser. This paper discusses at the design of a laser tracer data initiation capture and processing unit that permits diameter measurements to be made on-line and has the capability of carrying out up to 500 measurements per second. The system is non-contact with a measurement range of 2. 0000 mm and a resolution of 0. 5 im. It is demonstraated that by using two of these devices diameters of up to 220. 000 mm can be measured. This is done by incorporating a translational table that provides the
Digital control system of microwave radiometer
Author(s):
Xiao-Long Zhang;
Xun-Xian Xiang
Show Abstract
We have used the microwave radiometer to detect the early deep tumor such as esophageal nasopharyngeal and hepatical cancer . The control system of the microwave radiometer was designed by the analog control technique . This paper proposes a digital control system as a substitute for the earlier analog control system . The construction of the digital system in a microwave radiometer is ifiustrated and the features of the digital system are discussed. Compared with the analog control system the digital system based on computer software has distinct advantages in terms of : performance flexibifity interface etc.
Digital image processing and its application in CCD measurement
Author(s):
Wenyi Chen;
Ben-He Jiang;
Zhiyiung Liu;
Ping Li
Show Abstract
The objects of COD measurement are often in a state of motion at high speed. The data gathered are highly overlapped and the images are fuzzy. In order to measure the objects it is necessary to estimate the motion and remove the confusion. This paper discusses these problems and gives a scheme for measuring the spiral steel bars on the production line.
Dimension-measurement-based laser diffraction
Author(s):
Mustafa Yilmaz;
H. Riza Ozcalik
Show Abstract
In this work by using all of the superior properties of laser hardware and software studies which will form a base for a new size measurement system have been realised and a proposal of project has been presented. The purpose of the work is the planning and forming the technology of a contactless system which allows 100 size and profile control of objects after production by using diod laser and CCD camera with shadow method and to form solutions for the problems faced as well.
Data linearization method for perpendicularity measurement
Author(s):
Hua Li;
Pengsheng Li;
Huijie Zhao;
Jun Niu
Show Abstract
Perpendicularity is one of the important parameters to determine the location of parts and to assure the accuracy of machine. The perpendicularity is measured using the method of location measurement. And its reliability and accuracy can be decided according to their relation.
Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using digital boxcar integrator
Author(s):
Jian Zhou;
Yan Liu;
Shanglian Huang
Show Abstract
A digital boxcar integrator is used in the distributed fiber optical temperature sensor that can measure both the spatial positions and the temperature variation parameters of temperature fields along the fiber Compared with analogue sampling this scheme has the advantage of high- accuracy spatial location fast full use of optical pulse and the Raman temperature information is successfully drawn out in the standard communication fiber (50/l25ttm) with the spatial resolution of 7. 5m temperature resolution of 5C.
Dual Fabry-Perot interferometer system for remote sensing
Author(s):
Qi Wang
Show Abstract
A remote displacement sensing system consists of two Fabry-Perot cavity and white light source is presented in this paper. A multimode optical fiber provides a link to the distance sensing cavity. A relative simple control electronics is used to adjust the reference cavity gap and make the system lock in the central coherent peak when the power turns on.
Dynamic data-processing system of engine moving parts
Author(s):
Shui-Lai Wang;
Yuan-Hao Ma;
Long-Bi Zhu
Show Abstract
A high speed data sampling and processing system applied to investigate engine moving parts is introduced in this paper. According to the engine working features the data sampler of the system makes use of engine crankshaft angle signals as sampling pulse it can control the sampling range accurately and make it possible to sample in designated range of engine working cycle. High speed A/D conversion chip and DMA transmitting method are used so as to obtain the high sampling efficiency and high sampling rate and meet the needs of high speed sampling and processing of engine dynamic signals. Some distinguished processing methods are also introduced in this paper which include digital filter technique chain fraction integration etc. A data sampling and processing example is given combined with the measurement of engine valve train'' s dynamic parameters.
Electrical impedance imaging for prediction of interfacial area density in two-phase flow
Author(s):
O. C. Jones;
M. Kemal Kiymik;
H. Riza Ozcalik;
Jen Tai Lin
Show Abstract
Work described in this paper represents the progress toward the development of electrical impedance imaging (Eli) sometimes called electrical computed tomography (EICT) which may ultimately be utilized for nonintrusive determination of interfecial structure and evolution in two phase flows.
Electrical damping of transient behavior in piezo-optical measurement systems
Author(s):
R. G. Dzhagupov;
A. E. Pichugin
Show Abstract
Article consider a question of creating a fast and precision piezomechanical systems for optical measure elements control such as LCD matrix interferometers or other. The most general problem connected with it consist in suppressing oscillations in piezoelements mechanical transient behaviour which is the consequent of their low inside viscosity. Providing it with mechanical dampers has no quality effect because of too short movements in combination with high speed required for optical systems. This problem has a perfect decision with compensation electrical control signals of piezokeramical elements without using any of mechanical dampers. It is produced with limitation of electrical energy flow to piezoelements on their resonance frequencies. It is possible to achieve a complete disappearance of transient oscillations
Electronic speckle pattern interferometer for the measurement of object vibration mode
Author(s):
Fu-Ming Juang;
Nai-Que Wang;
Jiann-Cherng Doong;
Ming-Wen Chang;
Yeon-Sheng Yang;
Yuen-Sum Liu
Show Abstract
An analysis of fringe contrast in electronic speckle pattern interferometer by using double slit aperture with larger slit width is presented. To improve the vibration pattern contrast of object a subtraction technique is adapted and result is shown. For such an improvement this setup will be suitable to be used in severe vibration circumstance.
Elimination of helicoid silhouette double value
Author(s):
Shikai Wang;
Hong Liang
Show Abstract
The silhouette method is one of the main methods for measuring flank angle of a helicoid But some methodology errors exist in this method two different results can be obtained theoretically at the same place of the spiral surface if exchanging the mounted direction of checked lead screw or rotating it through 1800 around its axis. This phenomenon is the double-value property of measurement results. In this paper the cause for the phenomenon and the relationship between the error and the parameters of helicoid are described. The double-value property of measurement results can be eliminated if measuring flank angle of helicoid by means of an optical system with an inclinable reticle The theory main properties and experimental results concerning the flank angle of lead screw by the new optical system are presented. I. HELICOID SILHOUETTE DOUBLE-VALUE Helicoid is a very important camber and a component of the lead screw worm tools and gauges. The silhouette method is one of the main methods for measuring helicoid but the doublevalue phenomenon exists in this method. A group of experiment results is given in Table. 1. It can be seen that the quantity of the double-value errors is too big to satisfy the requirement of measurement accuracy for mo s t lead screws ''lab. 1. Helicoid silhouette double value Measurement of axial flank angle UMM 200 by using traditional silhouette method part PWF30
Expert database system for quality control
Author(s):
Anne Jinsong Wang;
Zhi-Cheng Li
Show Abstract
There are more competitors today. Markets are not homogeneous they are fragmented into increasingly focused niches requiring greater flexibility in the product mix shorter manufacturing production runs and above allhigher quality. In this paper the author identified a real-time expert system as a way to improve plantwide quality management. The quality control expert database system (QCEDS) by integrating knowledge of experts in operations quality management and computer systems use all information relevant to quality managementfacts as well as rulesto determine if a product meets quality standards. Keywords: expert system quality control data base
Error separation technique of two-point and two-setting method and application in contactless automatic measurement
Author(s):
Jiubin Tan;
Dong-Sheng Li;
Xifu Qiang;
Xi-Ping Zhao;
Wenguo Yang
Show Abstract
Combining with the characteristics of contactiess sensor and according to the Donaldson principle the paper puts forward the error separation technique of " two points and two setting method" . This technique can not only realize the separation for roundness error of intermediary from rotating error movement of spindle but also reduce the time of a measuring period and avoid the " drift" error which is brought by measuring system. Besides according to above error separation technique the authous of the paper develop a error separation system which can be used in ultra-high--precision contactless roundness measuring instrument. The maximal " drift" value of the system is less than 10 nm.
Evaluation of position errors and feature countenance parameters of hole group
Author(s):
Guo-Ying Yuan;
Zhuo-Xian Zhao;
Jie-Hong Zhang;
Qing-Fen Zhou
Show Abstract
A new method for evaluating position errors and feature countenance parameters of actual measured axis of the Holegroup is proposed and its mathematical models are established in this paper. By means of this method not only can position errors of the Holegroup and any hole position errors be obtained by the least square method and optimization method but also the feature parameters of measured count enance can be obtained. That is straightness and feature countenance parameters of any hole axis in the Hole-group can also be known. By using this method the computer programs which contain the least square method and optimization method are edited. It has been proved that this method conforms with the geometrical tolerance standard. The countenance of error''s curve of measured axis can be expressed very well. The method which is proposed for the first time in this paper is also appliable to the mathematical description of other error curves with different shapes.
Fast position measurement using CCD
Author(s):
Feng Yuan;
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Jun Xu;
Zuomin Jiang;
Xifu Qiang
Show Abstract
A measurement system of position composed of CCD image sensor hardware circuits and a single chip microprocessor system is presented in this paper. It makes use of hardware circuits and software to realize a dynamic WifldoW in which the position signal is contained when doing measurement. Coupled with interpolation and look up table technique subpixel a c c Li r a c y and high rate measurment can be achieved. This measurement system can be used in aligning ziicasuring angle pointing etc.
Fiber-optic voltage measuring system
Author(s):
Miaoyuan Ye;
De-Xin Nie;
Yan Li;
Yu Peng;
Qi-Qing Lin;
Jing-Gang Wang
Show Abstract
A new fibre optic voltage measuring system has been developed based on the electrooptic effect of bismuth germanium oxide (Bi4Ge3O12)crystal. It uses the LED as the light source. The light beam emitted from the light source is transmitted to the sensor through the optic fibre and the intensity of the output beam is changed by the applied voltage. This optic signal is transmitted to the PIN detector and converted to an electric signal which is processed by the electronic circuit and 8098 single chip microcomputer the output voltage signal obtained is directly proportional to the applied voltage. This paper describes the principle the configuration and the performance parameters of the system. Test results are evaluated and discussed.
Fiber-optic thermometry based on fluorescence lifetimes of Cr3+ doped materials
Author(s):
Zhiyi Zhang;
Kenneth T. V. Grattan;
Andrew W. Palmer
Show Abstract
Several fiber optic thermometers based on the fluorescence lifetime of the Cr3+ doped crystal materials are reviewed. The work examines the temperature dependences of the Cr3 fluorescence lifetimes in various host materials according to the experimental data obtained by the authors and other groups of workers classifies such dependences by the strengths of the crystal fields of the host materials and gives corresponding mathematical models to describe such temperature dependences. The construction of the Cr3 fluorescence lifetime based thermometers is discussed from the view point of optical arrangement the temperature probes and the signal processing techniques for the detection of fluorescence lifetimes used in various thermometer schemes. Several examples are presented and finally the question of calibration of the thermometers using the given mathematical models and other concerns are addressed.
Fine sequential three-point method for on-line measurement of the straightness of precision lathes
Author(s):
Shengyi Li;
Jie Tan;
Pei-Yuan Pan
Show Abstract
FSTP (Fine Sequential-Three-Points) a new method for on-line measurement of the straightness of precision machine tools and machined workpiece is proposed in this paper. Because the sampling interval of the STP (Sequential-Two-Points) method must be equal to the distance between two adjacent sensors the sampling points can not be too close to each other. FSTP uses three sensors and chooses suitable distances between every two adjacent sensors we can obtain smaller sampling interval than before The improved algorithm of the FSTP and its flowchart are also presented in this paper. The results of computer simulation and on-line measurement experiment on a precision lathe are discussed. It can be shown that FSTP is feasible and efficient.
Finite element analysis of the working accuracy of length standards
Author(s):
Wei Li;
F. R. Hall;
E. J. Davis;
Kenneth J. Stout
Show Abstract
A study of the working accuracy of length standards is presented in this paper. The relevant formulae are presented and Finite Element (FE) analysis is used to model the effects of thermal gradients the variation of point support position and the effect of a moving load on the deflection and geometry of a length bar. The influence of temperature gradient on the calibration accuracy of length bars is assessed and the best support position to give minimal slope when there exits a temperature gradient is given Some important conclusions are reached and proposed future work is discussed.
Flatness measurement of a very-large-diameter plate on a machine tool by error-separation method
Author(s):
Zhen He;
Xingzhan Liu;
Jinwen Liang
Show Abstract
This paper presents a new method for flatness measurement the five-probe error separation method. The problem of measuring the flatness of a very large diameter plate on a machine tool can be successfully resolved by this method. The measuring system proposed has the following advantages: low cost convenient operation high measuring efficiency good anti-disturbance and high measuring accuracy . The error separation method is of general significance for the measurement of the shape and position errors of workpieces on machine tools.
Focus-tracing method applied in optical probes
Author(s):
Ji-Hua Zhang;
Bao Hua Zhuang;
Shenghua Ye
Show Abstract
Off-focus detection methods have been successfully applied in measuring micro-displacement and surface roughness. but there are imperfects in these methods. For example range of measurement is too small and accuracy of measurement is seriously affected by the inclination of measured surface To overcome these problems focus-tracing methods have been developed. In this paper a moving voice coil is used as focus actuator to drive the object lens up and down. The basic composition and characteristics of the actuator are described The features of displacement and frequency response of the probe are analysed. Some experiment results are given.
Formation mechanism of the birefringent orientation image of the PANDA fiber and its observed condition
Author(s):
Wen-Jiang Shi;
Liao-Bo Peng;
Zhigao Li;
Jian Zhou;
Shanglian Huang
Show Abstract
The precise detection and alignment methods of the birefringent axes are critical techniques for the application of the polarization maintaining (PM) fibers. In this paper a new method is presented to observe the birefringent orientation of the PANDA fiber by use of the TV microscope when the optical fiber is ilimuinated by a transverse collimated beam. The formation mechanism of the birefringent orientation image and its observed condition is analysed by use of the ray tracing method. The computer simulated results are in agreement with the practical observed results.
Frequency-domain identification technique of the motion-error sources of NC-machine tools
Author(s):
Wen-Hua Yu;
Zhao-Tong Wu;
Gong-Biao Yan
Show Abstract
Investigation on the identification of the motion error sources of NC- machine tools are of
significance for the adjustment and control of the working accuracy of NC-machine tools. It is one
of the main directions of machine tool research.
In this paper, the mathmatical models of typical motion error sources of NC- machine tools are
estabilished and their frequency-domain characteristics are detailed according to the circular
interpolation rule and motion error forming mechanism. Based on these the frequency- domain
identifying method of the motion error sources of Nc-machine tools is developed. Some examples of
computer simulation and experiments are given to verify the efficiency and reliability of this method.
Fuzzy evaluation of stiffness of tissue by means of micromanipulator
Author(s):
Sumiko Majima;
Kozo Matsushima
Show Abstract
We have developed a bilateral controlled remote micro-manipulator system for medical application. By operating this system an opretor can perceive the stiffness of small part of tissue with his/her tactile sense and the visco-elastic parameters of the tissue are identified from the measerments of the displacement and the reaction force on the slave manipulator. Firstly the relation between the tactile sense and the identified viscoelastic parameters is experimentally obtained. And then using this relation a method which evaluates the stiffness of the tissue by means of the fuzzy reasoning is proposed.
Gaussian filtering of three-dimensional engineering surface topography
Author(s):
N. L. Luo;
P. J. Sullivan;
Kenneth J. Stout
Show Abstract
The study of surface topography in engineering is of importance for a large number of application areas. A necessary step in the study of the functional significance of surface topography in an application is to identify and separate the functionally significant components of the surface in preparation for subsequent analysis. A filter commonly used in profile filtering is the Gaussian filter that corrects the phase distortion drawbacks of the standardised 2RC filters and is currently considered by an ISO technical committee to replace the 2RC filter as the standard filter for 2-D profile filtering. In this paper we consider the characteristics and suitability of the Gaussian filter for surface filtering in general and present a detailed study of the Gaussian filter for three-dimensional surface topography filtering.
GC/IR computer-aided identification of anaerobic bacteria
Author(s):
Hunian Ye;
Feng Sheng Zhang;
Hua Yang;
Zhu Li;
Song Ye
Show Abstract
A new method was developed to identify anaerobic bacteria by using pattern recognition. The method is depended on GC / JR data. The system is intended for use as a precise rapid and reproduceable aid in the identification of unknown isolates. Key Words: Anaerobic bacteria Pattern recognition Computeraided identification GC / JR 1 . TNTRODUCTTON A major problem in the field of anaerobic bacteriology is the difficulty in accurately precisely and rapidly identifying unknown isolates. Tn the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology C. M. Moss said: " Chromatographic analysis is a new future for clinical microbiology" . 12 years past and so far it seems that this is an idea whose time has not get come but it close. Now two major advances that have brought the technology forword in terms ofmaking it appropriate for use in the clinical laboratory can aldo be cited. One is the development and implementation of fused silica capillary columns. In contrast to packed columns and those of'' greater width these columns allow reproducible recovery of hydroxey fatty acids with the same carbon chain length. The second advance is the efficient data processing afforded by modern microcomputer systems. On the other hand the practical steps for sample preparation also are an advance in the clinical laboratory. Chromatographic Analysis means mainly of analysis of fatty acids. The most common
Geometrical accuracy measurement for large-scale steel bridge members
Author(s):
Koji Takada;
Masato Aketagawa;
Kunio Torii;
Shoji Ogawa;
Yoshitaka Kozakura
Show Abstract
This paper presents a practical 3-dimensional measurement system which is applied to geometrical accuracy measurenient for large-scale steel bridge members. The measuring niethod is based on stereo vision using precision CCD-cameras linked with a personal computer. The developed system can automatically recognize every target point in its view field and determine theX Y and Z coordinates within a remarkable short time and the measurement accuracy of the system is better than 0. 5 mm for a view field of about 3 m(H) by 2. 3 m(v). This system is applied to an inspection station for the measurement of steel bridge members. The inspection station can measure the geometrical and dimensional accuracy of a steel bridge member of about 3 m x 4 m x 20 in in maximum size with an acceptable measurement accuracy and the results obtained from practical runs for the last three years verify the feasibility of the developed system.
Grating interference technology and its application
Author(s):
Tie-Bang Xie;
Bin Liu Zhao;
Dong-Lian Zheng
Show Abstract
Grating interference technology because of its many advantages has been developed greatly in the field of fine metrology. The principle and characteristics of grating interference are analyzed and examples of its successful application are given.
Grating technology for topography measurement of curved surfaces
Author(s):
Xiangqian Jiang;
Tie-Bang Xie;
Cai-Xian Yao;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
In this paper a new grating technology for topography measurement of the curved surface is described. It adopts a laser-grating interferometry sensing system whose standard depends on the RCHD grating constant. The optical principle and system characteristics are discussed in detail. The results of principle experiment are given. Key words: Topography measurement of curved surface laser-grating interferometry sensing system grating interferometry reflective cylindric holographic diffractive (RCHD) grating
Grating quadrature fringe subdivision with submicron accuracy and its application in CMM
Author(s):
Rensheng Che;
Li-Yan Chen;
Cheng-Jun Chen;
Qingcheng Huang
Show Abstract
The significant resolution and accuracy of CMM ( Coordinat Measuring Machine ) using grating quadrature fringe detection are often limited not only by the CMM itself but also by the grating displasment measuring system. There are four errors: amplitude waver unequal amplitude in the two channels quadrature phase shift error and zero offsets. This paper describes a new method for picking up correcting the quadrature errors and subdividing -- method of composite compensating subdivision using microcomputer. An example demonstrated the significant improving of the precision of CMM and the reducing the needs of fix and adjustment of grading pair is given.
Hertz vector and current distribution of microstrip spiral antenna in biological stratified media
Author(s):
Li Gao;
Xun-Xian Xiang
Show Abstract
The Hertz vectors of the horizontal electric dipole in stratified biological media are derived from spectral domain wave matrii method. By using the Fourier-Bessel transformation we have obtained the solution of the hertz vectors in space domain. The electric field tangential to the microstrip antenna arm is derived by using the relationship between the hertz vectors and the electric field. In order to get the current distribution of the antenna arm the moment method is used. We have also analysed the Sommerfeld-type integrals which emerged in the process of finding the solution. It is important to find the current distribution for determining the parameters of antenna and finding the power deposition in biological media. l. TIIE hERTZ VECTORS OF HORIZONTAL ELECTRIC DIPOLE IN BIOLOGICAL STRATIFIED MEDIA The hertz vectors of electric dipole can be derived by using the spectral domain transmission coefficient method'' while the wave matrix method is useful to dealing with the reflection and transmission of the electromagnetic wave in stratified media2 the wave propagation inwhich ithas been studied''_ ''. The structurQ analysed in this paper is shown in Fig. 1. The Hertz vectors of electric dipole in biological stratified media are determined by using the wave matrix method. In Fig. I plane f is the nominal field plane and the source plane coincides with the interface B. At the interface B when you look in the 4 z
Hierarchical diagram software for the processing of orthogonal planned experiment
Author(s):
Valerij V. Smirnov;
Xiandeng Pei;
Sheng-Hua Zhang
Show Abstract
If there is not enough information about investigating process,or the process is very complicated,
one should use experiment statistical methods. Planned experiment is a reasonable and practical
approach.The main advantage of this method lies in the fact that it allows to minimize the number of
experiments,th modify all factors considered and to get quantitative characteristics with slight
mistake.There are rotatable and orthogonal planned experiments.The latter is better,because it asks
for only a few calculations and experiments.It is very important to work out a hierarchical diagram
and software for the processing of orthogonal planned experiment.
Hierarchical quality-control information system
Author(s):
Chang-Hua Hu;
Zhi-Xiang Chen;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
Quality data collection information management and process control are the three key points of quality assurance in manufacturing. A kind of masterslave microcomputer network is designed to achieve plantwide quality control . The three key problems can be solved by using the hierarchical quality control method. The level I performs the data collection and supervisory control of processes. The level 2 performs higher level nonreal time functions such as data display quality reporting quality information management etc. The level 3 performs the highest level functions such as quality planning calculation of quality cost decisionmaking. As an example this system is used in the quality assurance of the final internal centerless grinding process of the internal bearing ring.
High- precision measuring system of surface roughness
Author(s):
Xiao-Feng Na;
Zhaobang Pu;
Xiu-Mei Wen
Show Abstract
This paper introduces the high precision measuring system of surface roughness that makes use of CCD (charge-coupled device) to collect signal of surface interference stripe and single piece computer to control sampling and treat measured data. The main features of the system are as follows :the CCD picture sensor and its driving device are put on the Camera window of the interference microscope which remains unchanged. The single piece computer intel 8031 is used to control step motor to drive CCD driving device and three state gate on-off to select sampling or treating in high speed. This measuring system is not only in high measuring speed but also with high measuring precision. It can measure several commonly used roughness parameter such as Ra rather than measure one parameter as R by traditional system. It can makes the traditional interference microsoope get rid of the primitive measuring method such as visual aim manual operation and manual data treatment As the result the intelligent measurement of non-contact measuring roughness is realized. Key Word :CCD single piece compater Surface interference stripe interference microscope
High-precision measurement of a large-size gauge block thermal expansion coefficient
Author(s):
YiBao Yuan;
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Jun Xu;
Zhong Chen;
Feng Yuan
Show Abstract
A gauge block''s thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) measuring system is described in this paper. The unit is suitable for the study of stability of largesize gauge blocks at the room temperature and gives an average TEC error in the scope of I x 1O6 x 108k''.
High-precision laser interferometer for length metrology
Author(s):
Jiajing Pi;
Li-Zhuan Zhao;
Jian-Guo Du;
Wei-Guo Shen
Show Abstract
The instrument of type JLY-100 is a standing laser interferometer the wavelength of He-20Ne frequency stabilized laser is used as the standard of length metrology. The temperatures of environment and measurand are measured by a crystal thermometer. The measuring results affected by the environmental parameters can be automatically corrected by a microprocessor. The measuring range of instrument is 0-100 mm. The absolute measuring error is +O. 5L)tm where L is the length of the measurand in meter and the relative accuracy is y 1 x 106.
High-precision voltage measurement based on the Josephson junction array voltage standard
Author(s):
Jie Gao;
Chao-Jun Zhang;
Guo-Lin Zhong;
Yuqing Zhou;
Qi-Zhao Zhang
Show Abstract
Josephson junction array vo1tae standard (JJAVS) ftas been operated at the 4IMTT. s the
Josephson junction can be viewed as an ideal volta9e/frequency converter 1measurelnerLt
precision of dc volta9e at level of 1 volt has been greatly improved bi the advent of
zero-crossin9 rf induced steps TITLe precision of the taeasureiuent is estiniated to be less
than OO3 ppra.
High-reliability monitoring system for power networks
Author(s):
Zhao-Quan Li;
Zhi-Fan Zhao;
Chun-Qi Lei
Show Abstract
In order to reduce the false alarm rate this monitoring system uses two CPUs to receive alarm signals simultaneously from a power network. And it provides powerful functions of automatic monitoring and protection for the power network. keywords high reliability power network monitoring system
High-accuracy measurement of dimensional minichanges of large-size components with laser interferometry
Author(s):
Jun Xu;
YiBao Yuan;
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Hua Li;
Zhong Chen
Show Abstract
This paper studies laser intcricroniclric mcasurcnicnt methods For detecting thc dimensional niinichangcs of largcsizc COIllpOllCfltS points OUt that thc dcadpath error is a niain error factor ifl flicasurenlefli and analyzcs the rcla tio nslup bet vccn the dcadpa th error a ni cnvironnicnta Cond itions. A special vacti tuil pipChas hCCn dCSignC(1 I 0 red nec the dead jiih c FF()r t fl d lo r I in iii (1 i ni en si on Ch a iigcs ni ens u reni cii I ace u racy o F 1c1 icr th an 3 x IO8rclativc to the length oF large component (or dcadpath) is obtained from 1 5t2 to 25t.
Highly sensitive magnetic field sensor and its application
Author(s):
Ying-Jun Zhao;
Ke-Chong Yang;
Shuzi Yang;
Jun Zhen
Show Abstract
A pulse induction type magnetic field sensor using an amorphous ribbon as sensing material is described. Its operation principle is based on the dependency of the magnetic properties of the ribbon on ambient magnetic field. Because of the minimal use of active elements simple structure actuate sensitivity (as high as 14V/mT) and good thermostability (as small as O. OO8pT/C) this kind of magnetic field sensor consisting of pulse current sources coils with an amorphous core and induction voltage detectors is successfully used in monitoring the core mandrel of a cold rolling mill for seamless steel pipes. 1
Hot-metal detectors and crop shear optimization
Author(s):
Tuqiang Xie;
Ling-Jing Tang;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
The new noncontact detector crop shear optimization and control system has been researched. As the hot metal detectors linear array and area array CCD have been used to measure velocity of hot strip and detect the image of hot strip. The image message is fastly processed by a microcomputer the true edges of strip is determined and a cut offset from the leading or tailing point is calculated. Crop losses can be minimized from 0. 4 to 0. 2 by a crop shear control system. KEYWORDS: CCD Detector Image Processing Optimization.
Identification of cylindrical targets in a transient wave underground detection system
Author(s):
Wenjun Zhang;
Zheng Liu;
Chu-Fang Xie;
Zhong-Qiu Peng
Show Abstract
The transient wave underground detection system is presented in this paper, and the
transient scattering by underground targets is analyzed and calculated using finite difference in
time-domain (FDTD) method, especially, the identification of underground particular cylinder is
studied. A new simple and efficient method and some reliable data for the identification of
particular targets in transient wave underground detection system are provided, and as a new idea
is offered to further studying of identifications of others complicated underground targets.
Indication of cone tolerance and its evaluation of errors
Author(s):
Tie-Bang Xie;
Wen-Ming Yao;
Dong-Lian Zheng
Show Abstract
This paper deals with a most reasonable method for indicating cone tolerance in mechanical
drawings, and presents methods for measuring and evaluating cone errors, which coincide with the
definition of cone tolerance. In practice, these methods for indicating cone tolerance and
evaluating its errors are effective.
Improving the safety of small cars
Author(s):
Denis Wood;
Mark Doody
Show Abstract
This paper examines the issues involved in measurement of car safety and the injury criteria used. In the context of evaluation and measurement of safety a mathematical model is derived for the dynamic structural impact behaviour of cars and for the kinematics of unrestrained and restrained occupants. Comparison with the reported dynamic behaviour of cars shows a high degree of agreement. Methods of improving the safety of small cars are examined in the light of the model.
In-process tool wear and failure measurement
Author(s):
Lye Huat Lee;
Swee Hin Teoh;
X. D. Liu
Show Abstract
With the progressive automation of the machining process it is becoming increasingly necessary to have a reliable tool wear and failure monitor. This paper provides the results of a comprehensive investigation into the efficacy of using the dynamic tangential component of the cutting force to predict the imniinence of tool failure. Experiments were carried out using different workpiece and tool materials tool geometries and machining conditions. It was found that it is possible to set threshold values to give indications of when the tool is deemed to have failed.
In-process monitoring of resistance spot welding
Author(s):
Y. V. Kamat;
K. D. Lagoo
Show Abstract
ReBttance spot welding Is widely used for joining sheet aetals. A systei has been developed which ionitors the " Dynaiic Resistance" i. e. the intantaneous resistance across the weld. Computer plots the dynaiic resistance curve for particular welding operation and compares it with the " Master Dynaiic Resistance Curve" . The systei can be used successfully in case of high reliability products without destructive testing.
Inspection of the surface crackle of small-diameter cold-drawn steel bar
Author(s):
Sheng-Qing Pang;
Zhi-Xiang Chen
Show Abstract
In the process of inspection of the surface crackle of small diameter (6mm2Omm) colddrawn steel bar users suffer heavy losses because the surface crackle often passes unfound. At the same time the inspection speed is not high. The research of automatic inspection is based on the principle of surface wave testing making linefocus probe with long crystal to improve the speed ofinspection using microcomputer to control the automatic inspection process and improve the detecting reliability.
Intelligent reading of dial instruments
Author(s):
Wen Yu;
Hai Zhao
Show Abstract
In this paper a reading method of dial instruments using a camera instead of human eyes is presented. This method uses an industrial camera as the detector and a computer as its central processing unit. The graphic data of the dial plate is taken with the camera and is input through graphic card into the computer where it is calculated recognized and logic treated and finally gives out the readout value. This method is characterized by rapidity high accuraccy easy operation and relatively high level of intelligence and automation. Measuring systems bsaed on this principle have been successfully applied to the intelligent verification of dial indicators.
Intelligent servo control for instrument and measurement systems
Author(s):
Yan-Qing Chen;
Xian-Hua Qi;
Ji-Ping Li
Show Abstract
In this paper an initial study for intelligent servo control system is presented. We introduce the AL and Expert system technology to control field and proposed a two levels intelligent controller for instrument and measurement system. simulation study show such system has excellent dynamic performance and better robustness.
Intelligent system in quality control and diagnosis
Author(s):
Shuang-Yuan Shi;
Ming-De Ouyang
Show Abstract
This paper focuses on the concept components and the structure of the intelligent system in quality control and diagnosis as well as a prototype of the system is given. KEYWORDS: Expert System Artificial Intelligence Integrated Software Process Control and Diagnosis
Intelligent information and measuring system for mass oil products in tanks
Author(s):
A. A. Abdullayev;
Ch. M. Hajiyev
Show Abstract
While the oil products of degree measurement information system is in use the differential pressure gauges calibration is executed which is based upon the primary standard set-point devices appi icat ion. The least-square method is used for estimation of the calibration curves factors and the obtained estimates application efficiency is demonstrated in the measurement information systems at issue.
Intelligent processing of information on measurement
Author(s):
Jian-Guo Bai;
De Jian;
Si-Hua Zhao
Show Abstract
In the dynamic process of detection, attention should be given to the dynamic errors in
measurement caused mainly by the delay characteristics of sensors and transformers, This paper
presents a kind of method of intelligent processing of signals carried by the variable values to be
measured. The time constant Tm representing the delay characteristics is recognized on- line, The
effect of the delay characteristics can be diminished or even eliminated by correcting or
compensating so that the dynamic errors can be diminished or eliminated. The measured values of the
variables will thus be enabled to rapidly and accurately trace the true values of the variables to be
measured.
Intelligent triaxial force sensor used for robot feet
Author(s):
Zeng-Pu Xu;
De-Min Yu;
De-Hua Miao;
Lin-Lin Tian;
Wei Xu;
De-Yin Kong
Show Abstract
This paper Prese1ts a new kind of triaxial forces sensor. It uses five linear I-loll cells as the sensing parts in the sensor.
An elastic part designed can ingeniously transform a space force into some displacements. When a space force acts
on the sensor the hfoll cells will produce relevant displacements between each pair of magnetic poles. Then the amplifiers
calculate the hloll potential (lifferences and output three voltages about triaxial forces. these voltages will be sent to
a computer to do linearizing calculation and dynamic compensation. Thus, the interferences among 3-1) forces will be
reduced and the sensor' s measuring characteristic will greatly rise.
Instrument for the on-line measurement of dynamic parameters for hard-disk drive
Author(s):
Changsheng Xie;
Yi-Ming Hu;
Xiandeng Pei
Show Abstract
A computer based instrument for the measurements of dynamic parameters of hard disk drives(HDD)-Multi-Parameter On-line Test System of Disk Drive (MOTSODD) has been developed. Several new methods and techniques were used to solve the problems of measuring some specific parameters such as the static stiffness of positioning system the structure resonance frequency of the positioning mechanism and the statistical average power consumption of the voice-coil-motor(VCM) especially when the HDD is in operation. More than 20 parameters of the positioning system and the spindle system of the HDD can easily be obtained. The hardware is a complete integration of the high speed data acquisition unit the arbitrary waveform synthesizer and the multi-interface controller. A parameter measurement methods library has been established to meet the complicated measurement requirements. The virtual panel technique and a high speed graphic environment were developed to enhance the performances of the instrument.
Investigation on interference-type moire deflectometry
Author(s):
Zhaoshu Liao;
Ru-Shou Lu;
Jingguang Tao;
KunTao Yang
Show Abstract
A moire deflectometry without the Talbot effect is presented. A grating is replaced by interference fringes to overcome the inability of the Talbot pitch to change continuously. An additive type and a multiplicative type of moire deflectometry are described. The theory is analysed and the features are discussed with examples.
Investigation of surface texture of unsintered machined zirconia using laser light
Author(s):
Karlo Jolic;
C. R. Nagarajah;
William Thompson
Show Abstract
Laser light is used to investigate the surface texture of unsintered machined zirconia. Unsintered zirconia is a chalkylike material and when machined the resultant surface texture cannot be measured using conventional stylus techniques because the stylus damages the surface. Therefore the surface must be inspected in a noncontact fashion to reveal the surface texture. Laser scattering methods are well known to provide good surface texture characterisation so this approach was pursued. Zirconia samples were machined with varying feedrates and illuminated with a laser beam. The resultant scattering distributions for each of the surfaces did not differ in any significant way (regardless of the machining feedrate used) suggesting that the size of the microscopic irregularities of the surface are significantly greater than the illuminating wavelength. SEM photographs of the surfaces showed this to be true. Surface texture characterisation of unsintered machined zirconia using laser scattering was thus not possible. The properties of the material are such that the roughness of the machined zirconia is beyond the range measurable with most laser techniques.
Investigation of the description method for experimental uncertainty
Author(s):
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Wen-Yi Wang;
Li-Jie Chen
Show Abstract
In this paper detailed discussion is conducted for the classification method ofthe uncertainty components in Recommendation INCi (1980) dealing with the description of uncertainty by the BIPM The active meaning and its limitations for classification of uncetainty components by estimation method are analysed. Its function difference is pointed out from the traditional classification method which cannot be replaced by each other. It is insufficient to classify every uncertainty component only by estimation method because the discussion on randomness and systematics are unavoidable and it is dealt with certain problems ofdescription of uncertainty.
Investigation of the cutting-tool-groove 3D scanning measurement system and its instrument
Author(s):
Tao Lu;
Ji-Hong Chen;
Qi-Kui Huang
Show Abstract
In this paper intelligent technology of 3D complicated surface scanning measurement which is associated with typical problems for the cutting tool groove measurement is discussed and some special algorithm are introduced. The 3-D scanning system can be used not only to input the parameters of solid model for tool CAD/CAM system and as a constitutions of the measurement geometry modelling system which is useful to the design and copy of tool groove but also to measure machining error of mould of the cutting tool. The experimental results show that the measuring precision of the system is up to the design requirements.
Investigation of dynamic measurement of stylus instruments
Author(s):
Weiping P. Dong;
P. J. Sullivan;
Kenneth J. Stout
Show Abstract
In order to increase the efficiency of 3-D surface measurement by using stylus instruments the characteristics of dynamic measurement is investigated. The difference of the dynamic measurement from the static measurement is specified. The problems of dynamic measurement are also addressed. An ideal strategy of dynamic measurement is recommended. In order for analysing the feasibility of dynamic measurement at higher speeds a revised dynamic model of stylus instruments is presented. Theoretical analysis is conducted to specify the restrictions for the measurement speed. Finally experimental results are presented to demonstrate the signal fidelity of dynamic measurement in a wide range of measurement speeds. It is considered that higher measurement speeds than the conventionally adopted ones can be used for measuring most engineered surfaces in order for increasing the efficiency in 3-D surface measurement. :
Laser-diode FMCW technique applied to absolute distance measurement
Author(s):
Mang Cao;
Dacheng Li;
Yongjun Wu
Show Abstract
A new method for measuring absolute distance is described which is based on the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCV technique. The preliminary experiment results show that the accuracy can reach 0. 3mx at a distance of 7 meters and the measuring range can exceed 10 meters by using an external cavity laser diode
Laser interferometric device for measuring step gauges with high accuracy
Author(s):
Yan-Fen Zang;
Guoxiong Zhang;
Xiang-Yang Liu
Show Abstract
A device used for measuring step gauges with high accuracy is introduced in this paper. This device can divide the laser beam from interferometer into two beams parallel to the measured line The two beams are reflected by a right angle prism and a plane mirror respectively which are fixed on the measuring head. The Abbe error caused by the error of angular motion of measuring head is eliminated when the distance of the two beams equals the distance between the measured line and the laser beam near the line. The measuring head with the right angle prism and plane mirror can move to and from the step gauges without breaking the beams. With different types of probes this device can measure 1D (one dimensional) ball array 2D (two dimensional) ball arrayand other datum artifacts with step distance et al. .
Laser measuring scanners and their accuracy limits
Author(s):
Ryszard Jablonski
Show Abstract
Scanning methods have gained the greater importance for some years now due to a short measuring time and wide range of application in flexible manufacturing processes. This paper is a summing up of the autho?s creative scientific work in the field of measuring scanners. The research conducted allowed to elaborate the optimal configurations of measuring systems based on the scanning method. An important part of the work was the analysis of a measuring scanner - as a transducer of an angle rotation into the linear displacement which resulted in obtaining its much higher accuracy and finally in working out a measuring scanner eliminating the use of an additional reference standard. The completion of the work is an attempt to determine an attainable accuracy limit of scanning measurement of both length and angle. Using a high stability deflector and a corrected scanning lens one can obtain the angle determination over 30 (or 2 mm) to an accuracy 0 (or 0 tm) when the measuring rate is 1000 Hz or the range d60 (4 mm) with accuracy 0 " (0 jim) and measurement frequency 6 Hz.
Laser rotating angle sensor and applications
Author(s):
Jian-Hua Yu;
Zong-Ning Xie;
Qing-Chen Guo;
Xue-Jiao Jin
Show Abstract
On the basis of the simple introduction of the new type laser rotating angle sensor developed by the authors the diversified uses of this sensor in the manufacturing field have been discussed in this paper such as the on line measurement for the geometric and physical parameters. The way of the improvement of this sensor has been pointed out also.
Laser scanning measurement system of the curved surface contour of the human body
Author(s):
Jin-Fa Shi;
Xi-Chang Liang;
Chao-Wei Tang
Show Abstract
This paper briefly describes importance of the measurement of hunan body'' s curved surface contour 11OSC) in many fields such as sculpture design of clothes and making of artificial limbs It also gives out the overall structure and measuring principle of a laser scanning measurement system At the end of this paper a measuring example is given.
Linearly optimized optoelectronic resonant temperature sensor
Author(s):
Julian Mason;
Andreas T. Augousti
Show Abstract
We report the development of a novel hybrid optoelectronic system for temperature measurement based on the alignment response time of liquid crystals in a liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD is incorporated as a transducer which is fully optically powered into a self-resonant system whose resonant frequency depends on the liquid crystal viscosity and hence on temperature. The frequency dependence on temperature is characterised. and the suitability of the system as a temperature sensor is discussed.
Machine vision: the motion parameters estimation--an improved method
Author(s):
Hong-Bing Gao;
Ke-Chong Yang;
Shuzi Yang
Show Abstract
In the first part of this paper the method of the motion parameters estimation obtained by Hormos Shariat and Keith F. Price is introduced. and then a newly improved method which is based on the original method ob tamed by H. shariat and K. E. Price is presented. At last The improved method is compared with the original method. For synthetic test data and real image sequences the original method and the improved method are used to estimate motion parameters. GaussNewton algorithm is used to solve the system of nonlinear equations given by the above two method. We can find that the improved method has more advantages than the original method. So the improved method is a very valuable method. Keywords :Machine Vision Motion Parameter Robotics
Magneto-optic current tranducer
Author(s):
Yanbing Liu;
Hong-bin Li;
Wei-jun Zhang;
Yu Wang;
Qing Xiang
Show Abstract
In this paper a broad-band and accurate current sensor for the electric power system is described. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in optical glass and standard polarilnetric irieasurement. The design and performance of the sensor are discussed with a view to a practical working sensor.
Mathematical analysis and parameter determination of feedback-control system for the scanning tunneling microscope
Author(s):
Hong-Hai Zhang;
Shang-Ping Li;
Gui-Jing Sun;
Hanming Shi;
Ri-Yao Chen
Show Abstract
This paper presents the mathematical analysis and parameter determination of feedback control system for a scanning tunneling microscope. We can obtain the frequency characteristics and transient response of a STM assembly for a tube scanner by its response to sine wave and square wave stimuli. In this way the optimum feedback parameters for the critically damped response can be determined. The design of the appropriate control electronics of a practical instrument is described too.
Measurement of variation in optical properties of fiber-optic cables produced by HESFIBEL and subjected to mechanical bending
Author(s):
Adnan Gorur;
Cebrail Ciftlikli;
Bekir Sami Yilbas;
Ahmet Z. Sahin
Show Abstract
Attenuation characteristic of optical fibers is decisive factor governing the maximum attainable length for line or repeater sections in an optica'' transmission system. Consequently present study examines the optical properties of the fiber optic cables subjected to mechanical bending. Sets of experiment are carried out using computer controlled optical measuring devices. Numerical aparture of multi core fiber and attenuation of multi and single core fibers were carried. Ii addition refractive index of preforms is also measured to extend the study.
Measurement and evaluation of the damaged layer on a surface ground at ultrathin depth
Author(s):
Liang-Fu Xie;
Hong-Hai Zhang;
Shang-Ping Li;
Feng Zhu;
Ri-Yao Chen;
Qi-Kui Huang
Show Abstract
The damaged layer on a ground surface is one of the important criteria for evaluating the surface quality of a workpiece. In the case of an ultra-thin depth grinding (UTDG) a very thin damaged layer has been obtained. A parameter expressing the microstructure of the damaged layer is given by the material density which is related to the acoustic parameter on the material surface. A V(z) curve from which the Rayleigh wave velocity and the total power can be calculated is gotten by using an acoustic microscope. On the basis of the above the damaged layer on a ground surface can be evaluated. KEY WORDS: Ultra-thin depth grinding Damaged layer Material density Evaluation Rayleigh wave V(z) curve 0.
Measurement and rectification of the response characteristic of piezoelectric transducers
Author(s):
Ju-Xiang Wang;
Zhu Li;
Jiangming Ni;
Xiandeng Pei
Show Abstract
The piezoelectric transducer ( PZT for short ) is widely used in precision measurement as an actuator or a sensor1 . While developing the noncontact measuring instrument of disk surface roughness we employed PZT as the actuator of phasemodulation. It has been confirmed that the actuator is satisfactory in realizing precision measurement of the surface roughness with roughness Ra from 0. 16 to 0. 01 m. This paper primarily presents the measurement and rectification of the response characteristics of PZT after briefly introducing the design and process. The experiments and analysis show that the linearity of the response characteristics could be improved to 1. 08 by applying a suitable series capacitor which gives good precision support for the instrument. KEY WORDS: Precision measurement Measuring technique Rectification
Measurement precision and noise analysis of CCD cameras
Author(s):
ZhenSen Wu;
Zhiyang Li;
Ping Zhang
Show Abstract
CHINA The lirait precision of CCD camera with 1O. bit analogue to digital conversion is estimated in this paper . The noise effect on ineasurenent precision and the noise characteristics are analyzed in details. The noise process means are also discussed and the diagram of noise properties is given in this paper.
Measurement of the deformation on a joint of combined precision ball screw
Author(s):
Fu-Run Zhang;
Hongguan Wu;
Hong-Zan Bin
Show Abstract
Based on the finite element method the deformation of the joint of linked ball screws is analyzed in detail Meanwhile the calculation results are testified with the strain gauging method. The conclusions of this paper are important to design and manufacture of the joint structure of linked ball screws.
Measurement principle and error analysis for an optical heterodyne profilometer
Author(s):
Tao Chen;
Zhu Li;
Jiabi Chen
Show Abstract
In this paper an optical profilometer based on the principle of heterodyne interferometry has been developed. A new optical path design with a two-parallel-path is presented. This instrument will be insensitive to the vibration the air turbulence and no high precision reference surface is needed. The measurement results show that the vertical resolution is better than mm and the lateral resolution is less than 1 I. L m. Based on this design we also analyze its potential errors such as the error caused by the distance between two parallel optical paths that caused by the phase detection system and those casued by the optical design and others. The stability and the repeatability of the instrument are also evaluated.
Measurement of polygon by laser point source interferometry
Author(s):
Zhiwen Yang
Show Abstract
This paper deals with the measurementprinciple of angular and pyramidal errors of the polygon mirror with laser point source interferometry gives the formulas of goniometry and analyses the measuring accuracy. The results obtained show that the testing accuracy of this method is in the range of one half second of arc. Key words: polygon mirror point source interferometry.
Measurement of straight-motion accuracy
Author(s):
Akira Shimokohbe;
Kaiji Sato;
Akira Toyama;
Joji Yamaguchi
Show Abstract
Ultra-precision machine components such as linear motion tables and rotary bearings are necessary to realize ultra-precision mechanisms and machines. In order to produce these components the evaluation of their accuracy is essential. This paper describes a measuring method of straight motion accuracy of a linear table with one meter working length. The method is based on the sequential three-point one but in the method it is possible to eliminate the influence of the zero-inequality of sensors. The method also makes use of merits of the conventional reversal one but there is no need to reverse a long straightedge.
Measurements on pinion-type gear-shaping cutter using coordinate measuring machine
Author(s):
M. S. Shunmugam;
K. Sankaranarayanasamy
Show Abstract
A pinion type gear shaping cutter is used to cut both external and internal gears following the generating principle. The cutter has a complex geometry and its inspection poses a number of problems. A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) can be conveniently used to inspect the pinion type cutter. The theoretical basis of the measurements on a pinion type cutter is presented in this paper. Typical results of the measurements obtained using a CMM are also included.
Measurement of centering error of serrated-tooth indexing table
Author(s):
Yongchao Shi
Show Abstract
The concept of rotation accuracy of serrated- tooth indexing table (STIT) is different from that of conventional rotating table because STIT is an intermittent rotating table. The rotation accuracy of STIT is mainly measured by the centring error. Based on the fundamentals of interferometry a new setup to measure the centring error of SPIT was developed. It is a non-contact precision measuring setup with which the measurement is not affected by axial rise and fall of working table of STIT therefore many difficulties due to contact-type measuring methods were overcome. The experimental results are given in the paper.
Method of visual photoelectric intelligent inspection for microgeometrical parameters of surface
Author(s):
Yong-Dong Pan;
Dong-Sheng Li;
Guang-Quan Wang
Show Abstract
This article expounds the principle and constitution of the visual and intelligent detecting system of geometrical parameters in the microscopic view. This system is used mainly on manufactory site. It fits in with the micro geometrical parameters detecting on all sorts of planes and curved surfaces such as the depth and width of furrow the surface degree of roughness etc. This system consists of mechanical part optical part photographic sensing unit and chip microprocessors. The function of mechanical part is pointing allocation adsorption adjusting the focal length and scanning on the plate of all sorts of planes and curved surfaces. The principle of optical part is parting with light. The flaw on the surface of the plate which is detected will be amplified and imaged on the focal plane of the objector in the reflect light path. CCD photographic sensing unit will change the flaw of the image to digital electrical signal. The function of microprocessor system is image recognition and diagnoses. This article expounds emphatically the theory and technology on the engagement of the optical peculiarity focal plane fuzzy recognition and compensation. On the basis of common image processing this detecting instrument uses the technology of background separation gate circuit trigger highspeed S/H circuit parallel AID change and the software of image processing makes use of not only the technology of space and frequency domain and the modularity constitution but
Method for the straightness measurement of vertical guideways of machine tools using capacitive and inductive sensors
Author(s):
Yan-Fen Zang;
Xiang-Yang Liu;
Guoxiong Zhang
Show Abstract
In this paper a new method for the straightness error measurement of vertical guideways of machine tools is presented. A taut wire which is hung near the vertical guideway is used as the datum line for measuring the vertical guideway. The capacitive and inductive sensors are fixed on the spindle box of the machine tool which can move up and down along vertical guideways. The difference between the spindle box and the taut wire measured by the capacitive sensor indicates the straightness error motion of the spindle box. The influence of the straightness of the taut wire can be eliminated by using reversal method. The relative error between the spindle box and the vertical guideway is measured by the inductive sensor. The straightness of the vertical guideway can be obtained by calculating the difference of the measured error motion and the relative error. The measurement error by this method in our measurement is less than 3 m.
Microcomputer control soft-tube measuring-testing instrument
Author(s):
Yanzhou Zhou;
Xiu-Zhen Jiang;
Wen-Yi Wang
Show Abstract
Soft tube are key and easily spoiled parts used by the vehicles in the transportation with large numbers. Measuring and testing of the tubes were made by hands for a long time. Cooperating with Harbin Railway Bureau recently we have developed a new kind of automatical measuring and testing instrument In the paper the instrument structure property and measuring principle are presented in details. Centre of the system is a singlechip processor INTEL 80C31 . It can collect deal with data and display the results on LED. Furthermore it brings electromagnetic valves and motors under control. Five soft tubes are measured and tested in the same time all the process is finished automatically. On the hardware and software counter-electromagnetic disturbance methods is adopted efficiently so the performance of the instrument is improved significantly. In the long run the instrument is reliable and practical It solves a quite difficult problem in the railway transportation.
Microconvexity isotrophy evaluation of surface topography processed by precision rolling
Author(s):
Chang-Liang Yuan;
Jian-Cheng Liu;
Motoyoshi Hasegawa;
Yasuo Konishi
Show Abstract
The micro-convexity isotropy of surface topography influences the function performance of the engineering surface greatly. In this paper a evaluation method is proposed which is based on the application of fractal geometry thorey. Through the Fourier transform of the discreate data of the profile measured by the stylus instrument we obtained the po''''er spectrum and the fractal dimension of the profile. And then the spectral moments of the profile and the surface are found. By these patameters the evaluation method is proposed. This study shows that the micro-convexity of the surface topography processed by precision rolling is anisotropic Key Words Isotropy Evaluation Precision Rolling Process Fractal Dimension Power Spectrum Moment
Microdisplacement measurement in high-accuracy moving stage by strain gauges
Author(s):
Pengsheng Li;
Hainan Cai
Show Abstract
A noncontact displacement measuring apparatus similar in mechanism and electronics to the parallel bending beam weight scale has been made experimentally. The apparatus has four parallel bending beams as elastic elements that are also parts of the moving stage. When the moving stage is pushed up by a piezoelectric actuator there exists strain and deflection in the bending beams. Eight strain gages that are employed in a bridge configuration are placed on the regions of compression and tension of the beams. Thus the micro-displacement of the moving stage that is proportional to the output of the bridge can be measured.
Microdisplacement generator for calibration
Author(s):
Bin Li;
Chong Liu;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
A simple and real-time micro-displacement generator is presented, which is aimed to calibrate
or make comparisonwith those micro-size measuring instruments such as capacitive and inductive
transducrs, heterodyne interferameters, etc. . The resolution of the generator is 2nm and the
accuracy is within 5 nm.
Multimeasuring probe intelligent instrument for automeasuring geometrical accuracy of a cam spindle
Author(s):
Yong-Le Chen;
Qing-Dong Min;
Pan Fu;
Hai-Yang Liao;
Guo-Qing Jiang
Show Abstract
In this paper, a system of multi-measuring probes intelligent instrument for automeasuring
the geometrical accuracy of the cam spindle is described. This system is cornposed
of mechanic apparatus, circle grating encoders of high precision, grating displacement
sensor, interface circuit of control and sample, and computer. The measuring principle,
determination of the measuring start-point measured and the error evaluation of
lift are described in detail in this paper. This instrument can carry out auto-measurement
of the geometrical accuracy of the cain spindle quickly, and displaying, printing and
recording the error curve of the lift and the shape of the cain automatically.
Nanometer movement and metrology: a review of realization methods
Author(s):
Hong Wei;
E. J. Davis;
Kenneth J. Stout
Show Abstract
Precision nanometre movement or positioning is of great significance in micro-engineering. It is concerned with the application of techniques developed in the electronics sector for the manufacture of miniature components with dimensions or tolerances in the region of 1 m likely down to nanometre level. Nanometre metrology performs verifying tasks for such a small displacement and ensures its reliability. In this paper the development of realisation methods for nanometre movement and the related methods of measurement is reviewed with respect of physical principles and technology. Piezoelectric actuators and electromagnetic actuators are typical drivers of small displacement. They are stated in this paper. This paper also presents some specific methods of measurement for small dimension and displacement such as laser heterodyne interferometer x-ray interferometer SEM STM and AFM. The newly developing high technology called nanotechnology is introduced by means of research situation in world wide.
New application of lateral moire fringe
Author(s):
KunTao Yang;
Zhaoshu Liao;
Jingguang Tao;
Yu-Bin Wu;
He-Tian Huang
Show Abstract
A new moire technique for measuring the object with synchronous change of phase is described. When the object is rotating or wiggling the displacement of moire fringe indicates the angle of axis the stability indicates coincidence of the beam axis. This method is simple and the automeasurement is easy with high accuracy. In this paper the theory measuring accuracy and some applications of this method are introduced.
New approach to evaluation of the redundant structure system
Author(s):
Xin-Guo Luo;
Jiangling Zhang
Show Abstract
Redundant structures introduced for the reliability improvement are widely employed in the parallel processing communication systems intelligent instruments and so on . They are usually characterized by the redundancy the ratio of the redundant capacity to the efficient capacity. In this paper we propose the time redundancy to represent the speed characteristic visually and use it to analyze a redundant structure system-redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID). The emphasis of this paper is on the analysis of the redundant structure systems and the exploration of a proper evalution method for them. KEYWORDS: Redundant structure System evaluation Redundancy.
New displacement sensor by the principle of fringe-field capacitance
Author(s):
Jun Li;
Xin-Xin Li
Show Abstract
Usually people like to measure the displacement of a workpiece by using the method of measuring the capacitance between the probe of the sensor and the surface of the workpiece because the measurement is precise and noncontact. But in general its measuring range is so small that the application of this kind of sensor is restricted. Here the principle of fringe-field instead of plate field of the capacitance is used so the surface of the probe is perpendicular instead of parallel to the workpiece surface Compared with the traditional device this one has the advantage of large scale small size high spatial resolution fast response and rugged construction. The principle of this kind of measurement the mathematical analysis and experiments are described in the paper. Some results of the current research in the use of fringe- field sensor system show its potential of wide appl icat ion.
New method of noncontact temperature measurement in on-line textile production
Author(s):
Xianping Cheng;
Xing-Li Song;
Xing-Zhong Deng
Show Abstract
Based on the condition of textile production the method of infrared non-contact temperature measurement is adcpted in the heat-setting and drying heat-treatment process . This method is used to monitor the moving cloth. The temperature of the cloth is displayed rapidly and exactly. The principle of the temperature measurement is analysed theoretically in this paper. Mathematical analysis and calculation are used for introducing signal transmitting method. Adopted method of combining software with hardware the temperature is corrected and compensated with the aid of a single-chip microcomputer. The results of test indicate that the application of temperature measurement instrument provides reliable parameters in the quality control. And it is an important measure on improving the quality of products.
New method for dividing encoder signals by means of computer
Author(s):
Jian-Zhong Tang;
Yujian Fan;
Bin Fei;
Dan Chen
Show Abstract
In order to improve the resolution of an optical grating encoder it is very effective to divide the encoder signal. In this paper a new method for dividing encoder signals is developed. Its basic principle is based on a new kind of advanced tech''iique to obtain the fraction period section of an encoder signal by means of velocity measuement and consequently the signal can be divided finely. By means of this method not only does the dividing precision suffer no effects from possible errors owing to sinusolidality orthogonality and direct electric potential of signals but also the method is suitable for dynamic measurement of small computational load.
New method of evaluating form and location error: a method of parameter space shrinkage
Author(s):
Rensheng Che;
Li-Yan Chen;
Cheng-Jun Che;
Qingcheng Huang
Show Abstract
On the basis of surveying and comparing the evaluating algorithm of all kinds of geometric feature errors of form and location this paper develops a new minimal condition algorithm - parameter space shrink used in the CMM which achieves the calculation of the geometric feature ( space free line plane sphere cylinder cone surface circle ellipse curve ) form errors (straightness flatness roundness sphericity) location errors (parallelism perpendicularity angul arity symmetry concentricity position and runout). This algorithm is proved to be correct and superior after being tested and evaluated with material object standard and virtual volume.
New reference line for estimating roughness of an arbitrary curved surface
Author(s):
Shaojun Xiao;
Xiangqian Jiang;
Tie-Bang Xie
Show Abstract
In this paper the authors deal emphatically with the problem of deciding the estimating reference of the roughness of an arbitrary curved surface and put forth a method of fitting its estimating reference with the polynomial ya+bx+cx (l By an analysis of a circular spheroid sample it has been proved that calculation using this model is both highly accurate and very convenient.
New scheme of measuring roughness
Author(s):
Ben-He Jiang;
Wenyi Chen;
Xue-Jin Liang;
Sheng-Jun Du
Show Abstract
The monochromatic light projects on Michelso interference device and the detective plane on output obtains the interference pattern. Processing the information of the changes of the interference pattern and intensity distribution we can devise a new instrument for measuring roughness and obtain precise measured results.
New system of on-line measurement of the spiral error of a large gear
Author(s):
Nianzhao Liao;
Lan Qin;
Xue-Mei Wang
Show Abstract
It is difficult to on-line measure the large gear''s spiral error based on the coventional method and theory because of some specialities of a large gear. A new system of on-line measuring the large gear'' s spiral error has been studied in this paper. The measuring theory of the system and the system'' s structure have been introduced in this paper. While this new and original method mentioned in this paper has been used the measuring system will be very simple which makes it easy to measure by side.
New technique for measuring the coaxiality of holes in a large machine case
Author(s):
Chao Gao
Show Abstract
A new principle of measuring the coaxiality of holes of large machnie case is proposed and a set of relevant measuring system based on this principle is introduced in the paper. Applications on worksite prove that the system possesses both high accuracy and high efficiency. The measur ing work is carrid out in process. KEY WORDS: coaxiality in process
New TV color analyzer
Author(s):
XiaoSong Zhu;
Jia-Sheng Chen
Show Abstract
We have developed a new color analyzer for measurin9 the three basic color parameters of color TV screens. The color analyzer consists of a measurin9 head which is put onto the TV screen and a display unit which compares the detected data with the reference data stored ifl the memory and shows the measurin9 result. The results are shown in LED numerical display with four modes. Ei9ht. different white references can be stored into the color analyzer. With hi9h praise the instrument has been tried out in National Broadcast and TV Products Check Center . Now it is manufactured by Yan9zhon9 Optronics Instrument Factory and it. has been applied in several manufacturers of color TV sets. L!
New temperature measuring methods for improving accuracy and dynamic behavior of sensors
Author(s):
Hans Volker
Show Abstract
High accuracy measuring technique presupposes a high standard of quality of all components of a system. The first and most significant component in a measuring system is the sensor. Longtime experiences have shown that thermistors are well suited resistance sensors for high precision ternperature measurements. The first essential is that the characteristic of the sensor must be known of course. The method of the determination of this characteristic will be described. As the signal processing requires a high resolution and high rejection of parameter influences multislope analog to digital converters are used in connection with compensation methods. The paper describes the measuring method for accuracies of absolute temperatures of some Milli-Kelvin. The second part deals with the improvement of the dynamic behaviour of slow temperature sensors. The acceleration bases upon the self-heating process of the sensor by a feeding current which is controlled by fuzzy control technique.
New type of measuring and intelligent instrument for curing tobacco
Author(s):
Chui-Jie Yi;
Xieqing Huang;
Tianning Chen;
Hong Xia
Show Abstract
A new type of measuring intelligent instrument for cured tobacco is presented in this paper. Based on fuzzy linguistic control principles the instrument is used to controlling the temperature and humidity during cured tobacco taking 803 1 singlechip computer as a center controller. By using methods of fuzzy weighted factors the cross coupling in curing procedures is decoupled. Results that the instrument has producted indicate the fuzzy controller in the instrument has perfect performance for process of cured tobacco as shown in figure
New-type polarization controller used in fiber-optic current sensing system
Author(s):
Deming Liu;
Dexiu Huang;
Gang Nie
Show Abstract
An all-optic polarization controller for single-mode fIber is presented in this paper. The polarization control is achieved without any mechanical electronical or magnetic component. This device may be used to replace the polarizer in a fiber-optic current sensing system so as to reduce the loss as well as the harmful effects of the random changes of the fiber polarization on the sensing system.
New type return-to-zero cam contour
Author(s):
Wenxian Chen;
Xiao Ming Lu;
Yanzhou Zhou
Show Abstract
The equal-angle spiral has been widely used in instrument manufacture. But because of the characteristic of equal-angle spiral the difference between maximum and minimum arms of force is slightly big and the minimum arm of force is slightly small. This is not profitable to the cam. Instead of the equal-angle spiral in this paper a new type of cam contour returning zero is proposed which makes that the change of the arm of force in the whole working range is smaller and the value of the minimum arm of force is increased. Hence the flexibility of transmission of returning zero cam is also increased.
New type of electric-field probe with optical fibers
Author(s):
Xiao-Yan Ye;
Sheng-Xiang Yang
Show Abstract
This paper reports a new type of isotropic broadband(1MHz 2GHz) electric field probe that we have developed recently. This kind of probe takes optical fiber as the signal transmission line so it is very capable of resisting electromagnetic interference. Its operation principle and main performances are described in detail. The corresponding measurement results are presented. In addition its capability for resisting electromagnetic interference is also investigated.
Noncontact laser measurement device for 3D curved surfaces
Author(s):
Chao-Wei Tang;
Xi-Chang Liang;
Jin-Fa Shi
Show Abstract
This rir puts forward a method of laser ubIe trigonorrtrical nasurerrnt of 3-D (three dirrnsional) curvd
surfaces,the taret light spots form images on two photoelcvtrio receptrs CCDs (Charge Coup1txi Device) separately
through two setc of image-forming system. The plane ccrdinates of the liRht spots ran ained from the irriging
pSitt)nS of the spot on CCDs. Then we can measure a curve by rotating a faceted lens to achieve spot scanning in
the end when the nunrically controlled vrktable brings along the nasuring table to revolve, we can measure a
curved surfaceS
Noncontact automatic measurement of free-form surface profiles on CNC machines
Author(s):
Kuang-Chao Fan;
Kuang-Pu Wen
Show Abstract
This paper describes the work to develop a non-contact type automatic measurement system for any free-form surfaces on a CNC machine tool or a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and its CAD/CAM integration. A laser probe made by Keyence Co. model LC-2220 was integrated into the CNC machine as the non-contact sensor. A measurement software has been developed for automatic surface tracing of any free-form profile. Data transfer to any commercially available CAD/CAM system for reverse engineering is also available via proper DXF file. Extensive calibration work has been carried out on the systematic accuracy of the laser probe with respect to the color material surface slope and edge detection of the workpiece by the use of a HP5528 laser interferometer system. Having employed the surface painting technique the shape error of the copied object relative to its master piece was found within 30 micrometers which is deemed adequate enough to the mold industry.
Non-contact surface roughness measurement
Author(s):
Hong Gao;
Shifu Xue;
Qingxiang Li;
Puchiang Yan
Show Abstract
A noncontact optical profiler for measuring surface roughness is described. The system consists of a differential interference microscope with a polarization phase shifter CCD detector array video frame grabber and computer. Interferometric phaseshifting techniques are used to obtain surface slope information. The slope data is then integrated to yield a surface profile. Vibration insensitivity has been achieved by adopting a differential interferometric scheme. The profiler has measured surface features with a vertical resolution of 1 nm and a lateral resolution of less than 0. 5 m in an ordinary laboratory environment without vibration isolation.
Novel method for measuring the step with heterodyne interferometer
Author(s):
Huijie Zhao;
Pengsheng Li;
Xifu Qiang;
Hua Li
Show Abstract
A noval method for measuring the width and height. ( A/2 )of the step is introduced which uses laser heterodyne interferometer. Precise phase measurement techniques are used and the phase function during light spot passes through the step edge is gotten. Besides the step response of the interferometer is analyzed. This instrument has high resolution large scope and high positioning accuracy.
Establishing enveloping features for engineering surfaces
Author(s):
M. S. Shunmugam;
V. N. Narayan Namboothiri
Show Abstract
Form error is specified on the basis of an ideal geometric feature established from the actual measurements such that the maximum deviation from the ideal feature is the least possible value. The least squares method of establishing the ideal feature does not yield a minimum value. A few attempts have been made to establish the feature with a minimum value of error. In case of roundness evaluation modern instruments specify the error based on minimum deviation and ring-and plug-gauge circles. However the instrument manufacturers do not reveal the algorithms used. This paper deals with the methods of establishing the enveloping features for different geometric features namely straight line circle plane and cylinder. A non-linear optimization technique is followed to solve simple numerical examples. The values are compared with the values obtained by the least squares and minimum deviation methods. NOMENCLATURE ECF Enveloping crest feature EVF Enveloping valley feature e. Deviation of a point from assessment feature f Function to be minimized K Number of points in a section L Number of sections LSF Least squares feature 1 m Slope values (l'' for transformed values) o o 0 0 MDF Minimum deviation feature N Total number of points r. O. Polar coordinates of a point R. Radius of a circle/cylinder/ x. y. z. Cartesian coordinates of a point(x 1 1 1 1 1 1 for transformed values) x y z Estimated coordinates
On-line noncontact position velocity-measurement system
Author(s):
Xiong-Jun Li;
Zhu Li;
Ling-Jing Tang
Show Abstract
Position and velocity measurement of hot steel strip ends in the mouth of the flying crop shear is im portant in hot rolling mill. In order to replace the y ray position detector and contact velocity trans ducers using two rolling wheels a system using a linear CCD is introduced in this paper. A new model of strip monitoring and shear control is posed. In the design of software unique set of algorithms for data processing in C language and assembler language is used. Particularly variable threshold method based on the peak video eliminates the temperature difference effects a curvefitting algorithm is very useful for realtime processing and high reliability of the system. Experimental results show that the system has good performance and high reliability. Keywords: photoelectrical detecting position/velocity measurement crop shear optimization realtime image processing edge detection.
On-line high-precision intelligent measurement of straightness based on dense sampling
Author(s):
Wang-Yuan Shi;
Chun-Hai Wang;
Qi-Chang Cheng
Show Abstract
Nowadays in china the straightness of guiding parts such as guiderod and guideway whose straightness required is very high is mostly measured in off-line state. The staightness of machine moving part'' s track (slide carriage working bench) is also measured with the help of comparative measurement with standard core rod or level scale. So we introduce straight measurement principle of two-point type and measure directly the straightness error of a workpiece and the straightness error of the machine motion locus by sampling densely. After the data are processed and the errors are seperated by 8095 microcomputer the straightness diagram and assessed result data of workpiece generatrix and slide will be obtained. Based on YZCS-1A Comprehensive measurement instrument as a hardware the system can be used not only to measure straightness error in static on-line state but also to measure and analyse it in dynamic state.
On-line cylindricity-measurement and error-compensating control in an ultraprecision lathe
Author(s):
Shengyi Li;
Ming-Nuan Qin;
C. James Li
Show Abstract
An on-line cylindricity measuring and compensating system is currently developped in our lab at Changsha Institute of Technology. Firstly the modeling about the error and on-line measuring is introduced in this paper. Based on 3-point method EST (Error Separating Technique) the method has been improved and used to separate the workpiece form error from error caused by inaccurate motion of machine tool. In order to overcome complrx modeling problem of the pizoelectrical actuator a new cotrol method P-integrator learning control i uHed to increase the accuracy of tracking compensating control. The experiment shows that the accuracy of cylindricity measurement is within 0 05 rn tlkL compensated cylindricity within 0. 2 m/6Omm which is improved more than 85.
On-line detection of 3D contour and deformation of mechanical parts
Author(s):
Guo-Chun Li;
Bing Ye;
Wei Tai
Show Abstract
In this paper a projective moire fringe measurement system that the authors have designed and developed is present ed. The system can measure the 3-D contour and deformation of engineering structure elements contactiessly and contin uously. The processing results of the images of two kinds of typical structure eternents are shown.
Optical-pulse-interval method for measuring twist deformation of turbine blades in rotation
Author(s):
XinGeng Zhou;
Wei-Bao Zhang;
JianHua Wang
Show Abstract
This paper presents a new method for measuring twist deformation of turbine blades in rotating which is known as optical pulse interval method. The measurement divices are more convenient for field measurement. The accuracy of this divices is better than 0. 05 . It is ten times more than the accuracy of the superspeed photogrammetry. The method is potencial to measure torsinal deformation of other rotating machines. !
Optical remote measurement of liquid level
Author(s):
Yanbing Liu;
Yong-Hua Yang
Show Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an approach to the remote measurement of liquid level in oil storage
tank.The measurement is made by the method of CW rangefinding. The design, performance and
limitation of the system are discussed with a view to a practical working system.
Optical signal processing of a distributed fiber-optic force sensor
Author(s):
Zhigao Li;
Jian Zhou;
Yingjun Pan;
Shanglian Huang
Show Abstract
For the distributed fiber optical force sensor based on the principle of modecoupling
of polarization-maintaining fiber and that of optical path compensation in
the interference of quasi-monochromatic light, it is very important to process the
weak optical signal from the sensing fiber. The paper analyzes the characteristics of
the optical signal and suggests a Mach- Zehnder interferometer which includes an
acouto-optical modulator and a polarized beam splitter to realize the polarization
heterodyne interference. The method elimilates the iiifluences of light source
fluctuation and back ground and cuts down the loss of the signal processing, so that
it improves S/N ratio.
The experiments coinicde well with the analysis.
Optical ring-image 3D profile sensor
Author(s):
Takashi Miyoshi;
Yasuhiro Takaya
Show Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop a non-contact profile sensor which will be able to measure 3-D free form machined
metal surface as well as 3-D model shapes made of clay or wood. The proposed profile sensor called "optical ring image
sensor' has two major advantages. First, reflection light from a target surface in optical axis can be detected in all directions
using a ring slit. Second, the radius of optical ring image is linearly proportional to the displacement of the surface in optical
axis. In this paper, the principle and properties of the optical ring sensor are presented analytically and experimentally.
Finally, it is concluded that this sensor makes it possible to measure the profiles within an accuracy of 1O,a m for the 3-D
free form surface with steep angles up to ± 80 degrees.
Optical vibration measurement of mechatronics devices
Author(s):
Shigeo Yanabe
Show Abstract
An optical vibration measuring system which enables to detect both linear and angular displacement
of 25 nm and 5 prad was developed. The system is mainly composed of a He-Ne laser, a
displacement detecting photo-diode and lenses, and has linear and angular displacement magnification
mechanism using two different principles of optical lever. The system was applied to measure
vibrational characteristics of magnetic head slider of hard disk drives and to measure stator teeth
driving velocities of ultrasonic motor.
Optimization of position of geometrical frame by SNV
Author(s):
Long-De Chen;
Fu-Ling Zhao;
Man Li
Show Abstract
The geometrical frame moves in different directions and areas when its tolerance zones and (or)
location dimensions are determined in defferent ways. In this paper, by means of the measured coordinate
values of the toleranced features, vectors are used to study the translations and (or) rotations of the
geometrical frame, and further to judge if the errors are minimum and up to standard when the constraining
conditions are satisfied. The diameter of the minimum envelope circle of error is the value of the error
being searched. During translation and (or) rotation of the geometrical frame, if there are any the same
name vectors (SNV for short) on the envelope circle of error which envelops the measured elements, or,
in spite of SNVs , the envelope circle of error cannot be further reduced because of the constraint of the
reference, such an envelope circle of error is called the minimum one.
The results obtained show that 1 . the minimum envelope circle of position error can be found using
SNV technique; 2. on the circle there may be 4, 3, 2 even just 1 point because of the constraint of the
reference; 3 . the SNV technique can describe the change of the geometrical frame visually and is convenient
for on-the-spot technological analysis; 4. whether the geometrical frame has compensation of reference or
not, the position errors can be evaluated; 5. this technique is suitable for judging the measured results of
a hole group distributed on a rectangle or a circumference.
Optimum control of quality engineering capability
Author(s):
Zhe-Zhi Yi
Show Abstract
This paper treats of the historical origin of the contemporary model K=2 I M-i /T and Cpk=(1-K)Cp in the quality control
and the essence of the mistakes in it. Early formula of the calculation of the engineering capability percentage under the condition of
the deviation: K= M-j. I 1 and Cpk=Cp-K/3, does not agree with the condition of normalization. It should be negated, because their
mathematical basis is wrong. Based on the condition of normalization, the writer proposes to use K= M-pc I /(2a) and Cpk=Cp-K/3
instead of the early formula. The contemporary model is equivalent to the early formula. And the contemporary model of course don't
satisfy the condition of normalization, its mathematical basis inevitable must be wrong and it should be revised. The analyses about
revision of the contemporary model mentioned in the papers published by the writer in recent years will apply to the early formula in
principle as well.
Optoelectric focusing system for the camera industry
Author(s):
Dan-Kang Hu;
Ming Li;
Zhi-Ming Lu
Show Abstract
In camera industry to find the focal plane of the camera lens is important for quality control. Several
opto-electric focusing techniques have been investgated. An opto-electric instrument which can be used in
assembly line is presented. The measurement system includes modulated light source, optical system with
displacement sensor, plane mirror, sensing device, signal processing system, interface, microcomputer system. A
SPICE program is used for design the signal processing system. The opto-electric focusing system can be used
for finding the focal plane of the fixed length camera lens and the zoom. The dynamic measurement is avilable.
The drift of image plane also can be measured when the object distance from infincitive to 0. 6 meter. The optoelectric
focusing system is being used in the Shanghai Camera factory at the assembly line.
Parameter optimization of robotic multidimensional force sensors
Author(s):
Youlun Xiong
Show Abstract
The Fisher's information matrix M is introduced for the design and calibration of robot's multidimensional
force sensors. The parameter optimization is based on the standard performance index J = - lgdetM with relevant
constraints. The corresponding optimality conditions should be met by the structure parameter of the force
sensors in order to maximize the information content of the data. It is proved that the isotropic sensors arc
maximally informative. Finally, the matching principle of the sensor's structure with its tasks is presented based on
the information matrix.
Penalty function model on the automatic testing of form errors
Author(s):
Xue-lin Xu
Show Abstract
In this paper ,a principle and a way of searching form errors by using a penalty function model in dynamic measureement
is introduced. Roundness and straightenss errors measurement for typical example are taken in paper ,it is
grounded on relevant definitions of the Chinese National Standard(GB1 183 -80)to set up target function mm (x ,y)
= Rmax (x , y)-Rmin (x ,y) , and to establish feasible collective "S" of desing the tolerance for variable x ,y . Namely
(x ,y) E S is restraint condition. Is grounded on as started above,the model of punitive function and the punitive factors
have been established. Then , an optimigation search of measurement process is undertaken. Then the points out
of feasible collective can be rejected .Last the value form error is got.
An example according to the theory can be run in a computer.
Porous silicon photodetector
Author(s):
Ming Kwei Lee;
K. R. Peng;
C. H. Chu
Show Abstract
The porous silicon photodetector shows high band and high sensitivity properties. The porous silicon layer being the
top layer of porous silicon photodetector, and the pore size distribution of porous silicon result in high band detectivity.
Various porosities corresponding to various silicon wires would respond to various wavelengths of incident light.The high
sensitivity is attributed to the textured surface, the direct band of porous silicon and the porous silicon layer thickness
controllability of absorption region of metal-PS-silicon photodetector. The textured surface of porous silicon would reduce
the reflection of incident light which would enhance the sensitivity of porous silicon photodetector.
Preliminary study on measurement of coarse surface roughness by computer vision
Author(s):
Xuezeng Zhao;
Xiu-Zhen Zhang;
Xifu Qiang
Show Abstract
The working processes, machining devices and tools, cutting amount, consumption of materials, productivity and
quality of products are directly affected by surface roughness. This paper gives an extensive review of methods used
previously to measure coarse surface roughness, and concludes that computer vision is the most suitable technique. Then a
new method is developed to measure coarse surface roughness by computer vision and the preliminary study shows that
this method has the advantages of a noncontact,three-dimensional measurement, high speed and well correlates with
stylus tracing method. This method can be used in classification and in-time measurement of coarse surface roughness.
Precision-grating displacement transducer with an image sensor
Author(s):
Xianghui Yuan;
Guolin Lu;
Tingchao Zhao
Show Abstract
A special designed image sensor named as CG2O is used to receive the grating moire
signal to form a phase-modulated signal, which is processed by digital dynamic phase
discrimination and subdivision. High resolution and precision can be obtained. After
describing the special image sensor in brief, the paper expounds the principle of
the displacement transducer,which consists of a CG2O device, a grating couple of 25
LP/mm and a single chip microprocessor 8031 and so on. The measuring resolution is 0. 1
pm. This paper is valuable in development of a new type of precision displacement
transducer with high resolution.
Precision measurement technique of an arbitrary space curved surface
Author(s):
Jin-Fa Shi;
Shou-Guang Zhou;
Bing-Le Wang
Show Abstract
This paper briefly describes the sysytem principle for precision measurement of an arbitrary space
curved surface (SCS) and emphatically analyses the photo-mechatronic technique which includes optical
technique, precision machinery, electron and computer technique, etc.
Principle and control of a multipoint magnetic inclinometer
Author(s):
Hui-Ping Gu;
Xian-De Zhu;
Gong Shen;
Jin-Yu Zhang;
Yang Wang
Show Abstract
In this paper we present a multi-point magnetic inclinometer which is of great value to oil well drilling. When directionfixed
drilling is finished, the spatial position of the well must be measured and compared with the design. By using a
compass type sensor, the apparatus detects the principal parameters indicating the spatial position of the well axis,
inclination and azimuth angles. The angles shown by the angle-measuring system are recorded through photography method.
Based on the direction-fixed properties of both the compass and the weight force, design of the sensing part is
introduced. The electronic control of the photographic and film feeding system is also described based on the predetermined
program.
Problems and solution methods for on-line measuring straightness
Author(s):
Jian Cheng Liang;
Shengyi Li;
Shuzi Yang
Show Abstract
There are several methods for measuring straightness. It mainly includes frequency-domain
method(FDM) and time-domain method(TDM), But whatever the method is, there are some problems on
it. This paper points out these problems in detail. First, the problem of misusing shifting
theorem at the area of boundary the in FDM is described. Second, the problems of TDM is presented.
It include that the slope component of straightness measurement can' t be obtained, sample interval
is too long, number of sample is too little and it is not benefical for measuring short and
precision workpiece. At last, two kinds of new methods for solving the problems are introduced.
One is optimum error separate technique( OEST) method. The other is BP network-based error
separate teehnique(BPNBEST).
Problem of design and testing of high-current measuring transducers
Author(s):
Zbigniew Dmochowski
Show Abstract
The high-current measuring transformers are applied first of all in steelmaking and foundry arc furnaces.
A block diagram of the OPTIMUM program and its exploitation characteristics are presented. Calculation examples
are given. Design solutions of measuring transformers in the versions with air and resin insulation
are discussed. The scope of acceptance tests of the measuring transformers based on the BN- 88/3027- 01
branch standard " High-current measuring transformers for furnaces. Requirements and testing " is revived.
Typical outfit of test stations for testing measuring transformers as well as results of tests of High
-current transformers are given. Specific problems related design, production and testing of linear
transducers are discussed. Properties of bothtypes of transducers are compared under the angle of
reliability, metrological properties, mass and overall dimensions, the scope of acceptance tests and the
immunity to the influence of strong magnetic fields. It was established that high-current transformers are
built up to a ratio 5OkA/5A(for furnaces with capacity of 50*10kg), while linear transducers can be also
built for rated currents of 200kA (thus for furnaces of any rated capacity).
Profile measurements using multi-gray-scale pattern projection
Author(s):
Kiyoshi Takamasu;
Tetuo Uekawa;
Kazuhiko Kawakami;
Shigeo Ozono;
Ryosyuu Furutani
Show Abstract
A novel optical profile measurement system has been developed using the multi-gray scale pattern projection. In
the profile measurements, the time series space coding projection method is faster method than the slit projection
method, the laser beam scanning method and so on. We applied the multi-gray scale (4 gray levels) fringe pattern
and the image processing hardware on the time series space coding to reduce the number of projections and to speed
up the measuring time. The series of tests show that the multi-gray scale projection sensor reliably ensures the 3-D
profile of the machine parts as small as 0.2 mm in the measuring range 100 mm within 0.6 sec. It can be applied to
measure 3-D profiles and 3-D environments for the moving robots.
Range from focus error
Author(s):
Mel Siegel;
M. L. Leary
Show Abstract
We derive theoretically and demonstrate experimentally an approach to range-from-focus with an important improvement
over all previous methods. Previous methods rely on subjective measures of sharpness to focus a selected locale of the
image. Our method uses measured physical features of the optical signal to generate an objective focus-error distance map.
To compute range-from-focus-error distance it is not necessary to focus any part of the image: range is calculated directly
from the lens formula by substituting the difference between the lens-to-sensor distance and the focus-error distance for the
usual lens-to-image distance. Our method senses focus-error distance in parallel for all locales of the image, thus providing
a complete range image. The method is based on our recognition that when an image sensor is driven in longitudinal
oscillation ("dithered") the Fourier amplitude of the first harmonic component of the signal is proportional to the first power
of the ratio of dither amplitude to focus-error distance, whereas the Fourier amplitude of the second harmonic component is
proportional to the square of this ratio. The ratio of the first harmonic sin ot amplitude A1, to the second harmonic cos 2cot
amplitude B2 is thus a constant (-4) multiple of the ratio of the focus-error distance to the dither amplitude. The
focus-error distance measurement via the ratio of the first-to-second harmonic amplitudes is extremely robust in the sense
that the scene's gray level structure, the spatial and temporal structure of the illumination, and technical noise sources (most
of which affect the Fourier amplitudes multiplicatively) all appear identically in both amplitudes, thus cancelling in the
ratio. Extracting the two Fourier amplitudes and taking their ratio could be accomplished, pixel-by-pixel, by some
ambitious but not outrageous analog computing circuitry that we describe. We derive the method for a point scene model,
and we demonstrate the method with apparatus that instantiates this modeL
Real-time reflective holographic interferometry
Author(s):
Wyman Z.L. Zhuang;
John P. Baird;
Hugh M. Williamson;
Robert K. Clark
Show Abstract
A real-time reflective holographic interferometry system is described. It overcomes the vibration isolation problems
associated with conventional real time holography, and presents living-fringe patterns which can give dynamic
deformation maps of an object under study. Two set-ups used to produce real-time reflective holographic
interferograms are presented. Its optical arrangement is very simple, comprising a low-cost C.W. laser (10mW He-Ne),
a shutter and a spatial filter mounted on a camera tripod. This real-time technique is applied to measure the local
buckling of a riveued lap joint.
Recovering errors from measurements involving solid angle
Author(s):
Jimmy Pusaka
Show Abstract
Very little attention has been paid to errors in solid angle measurements and their effects on measurements such as those on
light intensity or acoustical pressure. This paper concerns possible errors in solid angle having cone geometry. A
mathematical technique is proposed as a method for determining the value of solid angle, and three methods of approach are
also described. Error compensation in measurements of light intensity on the basis of the proposed method is discussed as a
case study.
Research for an on-line method for measuring the thickness of a large-area ribbon
Author(s):
Qin-Yan Zhang;
Dong-Sheng Li
Show Abstract
This paper introduces the working principle of an on - line thickness measuring system for large area ribboi. It
presents a new design method for the thickness probe of the system. On this basis, it establishes the air -cushion grate
thickness probe s mathematical model , analyses the relation between each parameter and the probe , and summarizes the
probe design criteria. This measuring system can be used for various ribbons thickness on - line intelligent
measurement.
Research on a fiber-optic hydrogen sensor
Author(s):
Zhi-Jian Wang;
Miaoyuan Ye;
Zhipeng Zhang
Show Abstract
A new type of hydrogen sensor for detecting the concentration of hydrogen in transformer oil
with a fibre optical sensor is reported. This optic sensor is intrinsically safe for use in potentially
explosive environments. The sensor responds to change in the optic properties of a thin palladium
film exposed to hydrogen.
Research on an intelligent ball-screw measuring instrument
Author(s):
Pan Fu;
Yong-Le Chen;
Quan-Kun Zeng;
Lin-Kui Xiang
Show Abstract
Ball screw are widely used in the steering-gear of automobile, aero-mechanism, machine tools and
precision instrument. Since the thread form is referred to as a Gothic arch, so it is difficult to measure the
ball screw. The traditional screw measuring method is "three wire" method or "three ball" method. The
weakness of these methods is that the measuring process is too complicated or the measuring precision is
not high.
We have developed an intelligent ball screw measuring instrument. The instrument can measure the
ball center diameter of ball screw. Using a new measuring method("two wire and one ball" method), the
instrument has high measuring precision, high reliability and it is easy to operate.The 8098
microcomputer system in the instrument can control the measuring process and accomplish data
collecting and processing automatically. This measuring instrument can be used on the production site for
fast and precise measurement of ball screw.
Research and development of a new series of measuring instruments directly tracing to the wavelength
Author(s):
Hui-Fu Qiu;
Xue-Neng Zhang
Show Abstract
High uniformity of graduation is obtained in the wavelength unit length scales of measuring
instrument. Developement of such series of instruments has been successful in new models of
grating universal metroscope and vertical laser metroscope. The uniformity of spacing of wavelength
grating developed is less than 0.03 μm. The uncertainty of these kinds of instruments is
±(O.2/O.3±2x 1OL) m. The real time comprehensive compensating method of measurement used in
them can effectively compensate the linear systematic error and reduce requirements of temperature
control of measuring environment.
Research on profile tracing and recognition for hot-strip ends
Author(s):
Xiong-Jun Li;
Zhu Li;
Ling-Jing Tang
Show Abstract
The first and most important link of the crop shear optimization system-profile tracing and recognition
for hot strip ends is introduced in this paper. Several features in system architecture and the design of
software for real-time image data processing are described. Particularly, the dynamic threshold selection
with a special size of window remarkably increases the reliability and anti-interference performances.
Keywords: threshold techniques, real-time image data acquisition and processing, crop shear, area CCD.
Research on multifunction measurement device by laser diffraction
Author(s):
He Ma;
Jian-Hua Yu;
Cheng-Jun Wang;
Hu-Chun Liu
Show Abstract
The measuring device by laser diffraction is described, It is used for measuring the Mean
Spacing Sm of the Profile Irregularities, the Mean Spacing S of Local Peak of the Profile both are the
parameters of the surface roughness standard, the feed rate f, the diameter of filament and the
thickness of thin slice. Non-contact or on-line measurement could be realized by means of this device
for measuring all parameters mentioned above (except thickness of thin slice).
The device is characterized by adopting a diverging lens to expand the diffraction pattern,
measuring and reading the separation of diffraction fringes using an electronic vernier calipers with
numerical reading, thus reaching the purpose of measurement by means of lower precision electronic
vernier calipers with numerical reading to deal with higher precision measurement.
Research on improving sampling precision of the colorimetric pyrometer with a modulator disc
Author(s):
Xing-Zhong Deng;
Zi-Fang Yang;
Xianping Cheng;
Bo Liu
Show Abstract
A two-colour pyrometer with single channel single optical path is introduced in this paper. To this
specified meter, it is studied that how to choose the reasonable sampling-period according to the meter's
characteristics in the processing of A/D converting so as to improve its anti-interference ability and
sampling precision. Moreover the flow chart of the sampling is given in this paper.
Research on a new measuring and analyzing system for curved surface topography
Author(s):
Xiangqian Jiang;
Ting-Xi Gu;
Zhu Li
Show Abstract
In this paper, a new measuring and analysing system for curved surfaces topography is described. The
system working principle is discussed. The photoelectric signal processing,hardware and software designing
and the model of data processing about curved surfaces are also investigated.Finally, experimental results
are given.
Research on the small-sized high-resolution radial grating
Author(s):
Hong-Lin Yu
Show Abstract
The author of this paper has adopted a new high-accuracy main shaft rotation numerical phase locking
automatic regulation system at the ultra-precision radial grating generating machine, designed a new
kind of photoetch-system of cylindrical 'honeycomb' lens, and advanced a new high -speed carving method,
The small-sized high-resolution radial grating has been developed, with a carving diameter of less than
50mm and the number of carved lines is about 32768 line couplesThe greatest diameter error is le2s
than 0. 5sec, of arc even error is less than 5 per cent,
Research on noncontact flatness measurement of magnetic disk with optical heterodyne interferometer
Author(s):
Yang Zhao;
Jia Wang;
Dacheng Li;
Mang Cao;
Xiang Li
Show Abstract
The paper introduces a new method to measure the flatness of the disk
with the laser heterodyne interferometer. Its most important advantage is
that it can measure the large and intermediate scale disk profile at the
same time, without sacrificing the measurement accuracy. The resolution
of the interferometer is 0.3 nm, the accuracy better than 0.04 jim, the
dynamic range larger than 5 mm. Otherwise the interferometer can nieasure
the disk global and local profile in tangential and radial direction.
Research on in-process evaluation of balance precision of grinder wheels
Author(s):
Deqiang Mu;
Qing Fa Ji
Show Abstract
The evaluating method of the wheel balance precision with in-proces8 random data processing is
advanced in this paper. It eliminates all kinds of factors influencing on-line measurement accuracy.
It not only resolves the in-process evaluation of unbalance, but also can be used for on- line
balancing and unbalance measuring of various single-side rotating objects. The results given by
China Testing Machine Product Quality Measurement Center have shown that the evaluating method has
many advantages: such as small error, simple and convenient in using and so on, As c'npared with the
method in it can give not only balance precision grade, but also specific accuracy value,
Scene interpretation using a nonmonotonic reasoning approach
Author(s):
Miao-Li M. Pai;
Robin L. Ying
Show Abstract
Automated image interpretation systems can use non-monotonic reasoning to resolve many of the inherent
ambiguities and uncertainties present in real world sensor data. In order to recognize objects of interest in the sensor
imagery, an efficient method is needed to match features extracted from image data, such as lines and regions, to
corresponding features in known object models. This matching process is based on the accuracy of the extracted features.
It is typically the case, however, that these features are themselves uncertain. This uncertainty is present because the
image processing algorithms used for feature extraction do not consider global context, are noise sensitive, and use scene
dependent parameters. A non-monotonic system identifies global inconsistencies and provides the means to recover from
them. It does this by retracting invalid deductions based on the underlying causes of inconsistencies during the model
matching process. A nonmonotonic system can also complete a partial match by predicting the existence of additional
features in the scene. With this prediction capability, non-monotonic reasoning provides the focus of attention mechanism
to confine spatial domains for object detection. Therefore, greatly reduces the processing time as well as increases the
accuracy. Such a scene interpretation system can analyze various sensor imagery. This makes it useful in applications
such as terrain mapping for robot path finding, parts inspection for product quality control, and object recognition for
medical imageiy.
Screening digital relay data to detect power-network fault-response anomalies
Author(s):
D. W. Kosy;
Victor S. Grinberg;
Mel Siegel
Show Abstract
An important part of power line protection system maintenance is the retrospective analysis of fault data to verify that all
elements of the protection system were set properly and operated as they should have. In this paper, we describe an
automated approach to detecting anomalies using data from microprocessor-based digital protective relays. At present, the
systems are specific to the ABB Relay Division MDAR relay family. However, the techniques used are generalizable to
other types and brands of digital relay.
Self-calibrated capacitive instrument for measuring the thickness of coating on metal
Author(s):
Ping-An Mu;
R.J. Zhang;
Chan-Yao Chen
Show Abstract
This paper gives an outline of the self-calibrated capacitive instrument for measuring the
thickness of coating on metal. Based on the improved method about reducing the influence of
fringing effect, stray capacity etc., a 3-parameters model is proposed, by which the nonlinear
calibration is very convenient in measuring different materials,
Sensor fusion using neural network for cutting chip form monitoring
Author(s):
Jihong Chen;
Hanming Shi;
Tiexia Huang;
Ri-Yao Chen
Show Abstract
Detecting and monitoring techniques are the essential condition for continuous operation of unmanned
manufacturing systems. Because of the complexity, randomness and fuzziness of cutting processes,
traditional monitoring methods are unreliable, incapable of being repeated and narrow in applicability.
The new strategy of integrating information from a variety of sensors called sensor fusion, is described.
The neural networks are suitable for solving problems of integrating information for sensor fusion. In this
paper, an intelligent monitoring scheme based on neural networks for recognizing chip types is established.
Neural networks are used to integrate information from the cutting condition and multiple sensors. The
correct recognizing rates are as high as 84 percent when different cutting regions are used for evaluation.
It is shown that the advantage of sensor fusion is its ability to recognize and control the complex processes
over a wide range of conditions.
Several considerations in design of practical fiber-optic magnetometer
Author(s):
Yuwen Sun;
Yanbing Liu;
Wei-jun Zhang;
Yong-Hua Yang
Show Abstract
In this paper, we proposed some considerations in design of practical optical fiber magnetometer,including
frequency stabilization of laser diode,cutting fibers to equal lengths,the form design and material choosing of
the probe. Finally,typical experiment results obtained in our laboratory are given.
Signal processing of fiber-displacement sensor with linear-frequency-modulation laser diode
Author(s):
Yang Zhao;
Dacheng Li
Show Abstract
A fiber displacement sensor with a Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)
laser diode and its optical electric signal processing method are
described in the paper. It operates on the principle of a non-balance
optical fiber Michelson interferometer to realize heterodyne detecting.
During processing the heterodyne signal, phase locked loops (PLL) are
used to extend the resolution. The resolution of the sensor can reach to
π/40. In the paper the experiment result is being showed also.
Single-chip computer-based dynamic vehicle loadmeter
Author(s):
Tie-Min Jiao;
Su Liu;
Ling Kang;
Zhi-Gang Jin
Show Abstract
The dynamic load meter with MCS-51 used as micro processor, with pressure sensor as measurement
element has many features such as low cost, multifunction, movability, etc. Being a new powerful
tool for modernization of both the traffic supervision and control, it can measure the loads of
moving vehicles and record the traffic statistical figures,
The theory of the dynamic traffic supervision and software progranning method is described in
this paper in detail,
Software reliability modeling by gray-system theory
Author(s):
Hong Ye;
Yong-Hong Tang;
Zu-De Zhou;
Chao-Yang Wang
Show Abstract
Software reliability models play an important role in controlling qualities of software products . In this paper , we
introduce a new software reliability model-grey model . It is established under the result that software system is a
grey system . Compared with other models this model is not only convenient for application , but also has high fitting
precision.
Solution to the problem in FTP of the measurement of 3D large-object shapes
Author(s):
Yi Jiang;
Weimin Chen;
Shanglian Huang
Show Abstract
This paper is aimed to solve the problems arising from Fourier transform profilometry ( FTP) for
the measurement of 3-D large object shapes, After analysing the problems respectively, the solution
methods for these problems are proposed. Three problems are discussed, how to select the optical system
in large 3-D measurement, how to design the FIR filter with high selectivity, how to calibrate the
coordinates of the measured data. In fact, the ideas and methods proposed in this paper are a
supplement to FTP.
Spectral measurements of exhaust gases using a Fourier transform spectrometer
Author(s):
Elmar Schruefer;
Erwin Lindermeir;
Frank Palme;
K. Wuelbern
Show Abstract
In recent years environmental issues have become increasingly important. Especially the impact of gaseous
emissions on the atmosphere is of great interest. As a consequence a group of several coworkers was established at
the Institute for Electrical Measurement of the Technical University of Munich (Germany) with the task to develop
and investigate spectroscopic methods and instruments for the analysis of the chemical compsition of exhaust gases.
This article describes the advantages of the application of Fourier transform spectroscopy against conventional gas
analysis devices. Moreover results of measurements of the exhaust of a smokestack of a coal fired power plant and
of an aircraft engine are presented. The last section deals with the development of a Fourier transform spectrometer
which is not equipped with any moving parts. This design was made especially for applications in harsh environments.
Stability of compound nonlinear systems with observer
Author(s):
Hong-Bin Huang;
Cai-Guang Gao;
Zhitao Zhuang;
Xiao-Wei Dong
Show Abstract
This paper investigates the stability problem of compound nonlinear system observer using Lyapunor function.
The sufficient conditions for asymptotical and exponentiality of compound nonlinear system are presented.
Using the property of M matrix the problem is developed. Finally the criterion given in this paper is applied to a
linear system as an example show that the method suggested effective.
Statistical recognition of offset components and evaluation of sphericity error for ultra-high-precision sphere
Author(s):
Jiubin Tan;
Dong-Sheng Li;
Xifu Qiang;
Wenguo Yang;
Hai Zhao
Show Abstract
This paper explored the restraint and recognition for offset components and the estimation of sphericity error.
Two methods for processing offset components are put forward. The "meridian method" is applied to measure
sphere comtour ; The "sequence elimination offset method" is applied to recognize and eliminates horizontal
offset component. The restraint methods for other offset componenets are also discussed in this paper. Besides,
according to the conception of least zone, the paper also puts forward "optimum method" to evaluate the position
of sphere center and sphere error.
Study and design of microfocusing mechanism for an acoustic microscope
Author(s):
Feng Zhu;
Hong-Hai Zhang;
Ri-Yao Chen;
Qi-Kui Huang
Show Abstract
This paper deals with the design of a micro- focussing mechanism for the acoustic microscope
through the theory of flexure hinge. The paper gives the calculating way and formulas for design of
flexure hinge. The flexure hinge mechanism amplified by two step levers and corresponding controller
is implemented. It is shown by experi-mental results that the resolution of the micro- focussing
system is higher than 0.001mm and an adjusting range of 16Oim is achieved. In addition, the paper
also discusses the driving property of a piezoelectric actuator used in flexure hinge mechanism.
Study of the static stress on a Francis turbine runner
Author(s):
Yao-Dong Zhou;
Ji-Fang Xu;
Ying-Chun Li
Show Abstract
In this paper, a finite element program for the runner of
Francis turbine by three-dimensional isoparaetric element with
twenty nodes and a corresponding automatic mesh generation program
are completed on the basis of the structure and the deformation
characteristic of the runner.The results are very similar to those of
actual measurement.
Study of several problems of a scanning-tunneling microscope used for microtopography measurement
Author(s):
Shang-Ping Li;
Hong-Hai Zhang;
Gui-Jin Shuen;
Liang-Fu Xie;
Ri-Yao Chen;
Hanming Shi
Show Abstract
This paper deals with some critical problems about a kind of new long- range scanning tunnelling
microscope (STIvI) with atomic resolution which can be used in ultra- precision and microtopography
detection, Through theoretical analyses and experiment verification an ultra-feed mechanisms with nm
accuracy is introduced. By both analyzing a simplified model and carrying out a sense of experiment a
simple and efficient vibration isolating system used for this instrument has been studied thoroughly.
Furthermore a simple and reliable tip holding method is also introduced, The experiment results
indicated that this instrument can be used for measuring microtopography with nm accuracy.
Study of quartz-crystal weighing installation
Author(s):
Pengsheng Li;
Zuo Zhang;
Zhigang Fan
Show Abstract
This paper discusses how to design the weighing installation by using the characteristics of the
quartz crystal. The draft for the machine structure and experiment result are given. Some improving
suggestions based on this weighing installation are put forward for further increasing precision.
Study of a new measuring method by metering grating
Author(s):
Hong-Lin Yu
Show Abstract
A new measuring method by metering grating is introduced in this paper that is, a special solid
-atate image sensor (self-scanned photodiode array) is used to replace the motionless grating in the new
measuring system which also consists of a movable grating and high resolution can be achieved by
acquiring grating information directly. The measuring accuracy is not influenced by the quality of
Moire signal, and the measuring system can reach a high resolution of more than 1000 and has the
advantage of high resistance to interference.
Study of the differential constant-angle interferometric system for measuring arbitrary angles and its self-calibration
Author(s):
Guijun Ji;
Xiaotang Hu;
Chun-Hai Wang;
Guoxiong Zhang
Show Abstract
In this paper, a differential constant angle interferomethc system for measuring arbitrary angles, based
on the principle of the differential constant angle interferometer in combination with the laser
interferometer for measuring small angles, is proposed. The system comprises a two-stage precise rotary
table, an optical polygon, two differential constant angle interferometers, a laser interferometer for
measuring small angles and a data processing system for interferometric fringes. In accordance with the
characteristics of the differential constant angle interferometric system for measuring arbitrary angles,
a theory of self-calibration is proposed including determining the equivalent parameters of the laser
interferometer for measuring small angles, calibrating the optical polygon by using the method of the
correlative differential constant angle and so on. High accuracy, self-calibration ability and new
measuring principles, are the distinguished features of the differential constant angle interferometric
system for measuring arbitrary angles. A series of experiments show that the differential constant angle
interferometric system for measuring arbitrary angles gives an accuracy better than 0.3" in measuring
arbitrary angles ranging from deg; to 360°.
Study of the automatic measuring technique and instrument for an automobile shock-absorber connecting rod
Author(s):
Chan-Yao Chen;
Shuguang Dai;
R.J. Zhang;
Ping-An Mu
Show Abstract
The autinobile shock absorber connecting rod makes very strict tolerance requirements on the
diameter size, roundness, straightness. Because it is a kind of thin and long workpiece, it is
difficult to measure the errors of the roundness and axis straightness. Furthermore, it brings much
difficulty to realize the highly efficient autinatic measurment as the connecting rod is mass
produced. Therefore, there is not any kind of connecting rod automatic measuring instrument
available in China.
In this article, the authors put forword the methods and principles which can autiatically and
efficiently measure the above-mentioned errors of the connecting rod and have designed a reliable
and simple automatic measuring instrument, Furthermore, the designing requirements and methods of
the software and the electrical system are also introduced. The problem of the automatic measurement
of the automobile shock absorber connecting rod has been solved. and it not only guarantees the
quality of the rod, but also provides the basis for technical analysis of the product.
Study of the improvement of software for laser ship-model tracking
Author(s):
Xiao-Gang Lu
Show Abstract
In this paper , a new type of laser measuring system for experimental researches in marine and
ocean engineering is described. This instrument is capable of measuring the track and two-dimensional
attitude of ship models or other moving objects automatically by using a microcomputer and the laser
scanning triangular method instead of the conventional tracking triangular method. In order to give the
experimental data in real time , a new real time software system is made. This includes sampling ,dataprocessing
, data-storage and screen-displaying in real time. So the Zig-Zag test for the small ship
model in maneuvering experiment can be done accurately. The efficiency and usage range of the instrument
are widened,
Study of the measurement, analysis, and noise-source identification of a home air conditioner
Author(s):
Qi-Bai Huang;
Wen-Xiang Lu;
Ya Wu;
Xiu-Juan Qiao;
Xue-Chuan Wang;
Hanming Shi
Show Abstract
In order to deal with noise problems of air conditioner effectively,the contributions of different potential
noise sources need to be estimated. For the complex system of air conditioner , it is more difficult to determine
the noise contribution rate exactly because the noise sources are usually distribution sound sources. In this paper
, the new measurement and signal processing technique of nonpoint noise sources are presented. the noise
source identification has be done for Raybo-sedor kc- 18 air conditioner , the energy contribution rate and coherence
output spectra of different sound sources to the evaluation point have been obtained by making use of
the present method. The important theory basis is given for the noise control of air conditioner.
Study of the technique of magnetoelectric measurement of steel hardness
Author(s):
Er Guan;
Yuan-Lin Li;
Wu-Shen Pan;
Chao-Zhi Li;
Gao Li
Show Abstract
In this paper , a new technique of measuring steel hardenability is introduced.
It is known that the variation in the microstructure of steel products (A-M ) occurs during the
course of their hardening , and microstructures (A M P) differ in their characteristics of electromagnetic
induction. On the basis of this fact , the analogue curves are detected for the microstructure variation on
the cross-sections of the workpieces , and the corresponding mathematic model is studied and established,
so the steel hardenability can be calculated.
In comparison with the usual hardenability measurement method , the main advantage of the present
method is without workpiece broken. In addition , it is adaptable to measure the hardenability for various
steel products in different hardening media , and the operation is convenient and rapid. Overall , an unusual
way in measuring steel hardenability is initiated.
Study of quality procedure control and metrological guarantee
Author(s):
Chun-Yu Liang;
Li Ren
Show Abstract
In this paper, based on the opthmim design of procedure control, the authors propose a new
concept, measurement capability index Mcp, give its defintion, and derive theoretically the
quantitative relation between the rate of unqualified products of processing (index Pp) and Cp, and
the quantitative relation between the misjudging rate of checking P mj and Cp, I4cp, meanwhile
introduce the principle of comprehensive control of Pp and Pmj by Cp and Mcp.
Study of in-process measuring methods of form-and-position errors of shaft parts
Author(s):
Hong Wei;
Chun-Neng Shen
Show Abstract
By studying three in-process measuring methods of form-and-position errors (Tn-sensor method, single sensor
single rotary position method and single sensor method)of shaft parts, the features of each method and their characteristics
and common problems to be solved in working condition are analyzed. Practical examples are included.
Supporting method of composite long gauge blocks
Author(s):
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Zhong Chen;
YiBao Yuan;
Jun Xu;
Feng Yuan
Show Abstract
The effect of supporting methods on the composite long gage blocks is discussed and new supporting method
system is presented in this paper. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that a dimensional stability
of 1 x 1-7 for the long gage blocks group can be achieved with this method.
Surface roughness measurement by image-processing method
Author(s):
Shou-Bin Liu;
Hui-Fen Yu
Show Abstract
Various methods for measuring surface roughness as well as their limitations were analysed in this paper, A new
method using image processing to measure surface roughness was proposed. A surface roughness measurement system was
designed with a light-sectioning microscope and the corresponding software was developed. Non- contact and
multiparameter measurement of surface roughness has been realised. Experimental results show that the method was
feasible. The method of measuring surface roughness by image processing is significant for developing a non- contact,
multiparameter and intelligent instrument of surface roughness.
Super-precise measurement system controlled by computer in a servo-writer
Author(s):
Lian Xing Jia;
Shengsheng Yu;
Zhimin Yuan
Show Abstract
The paper gives a realization of the positioning system in a servo-writer, and discusses the Super
Precise Measurement System controlled by a computer in detail. It gives a parallel 16-bit interface
circuit with higher data transmission ratio, and analyses the facters which affect the measurement
accuracy. The measurement accuracy of the system for the position is O.O2μm.
Survey of methodologies for the real time noncontact inspection of internal defects within thick high-density components
Author(s):
P. Douglas;
C. R. Nagarajah;
William Thompson
Show Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify the most promising methodology for an application involving real time component
inspection. The components which are of a thick high density nature are to be inspected for internal defects such as cracks,
cavities and voids. The alternative methodologies to be evaluated include x-radiology, ultrasonic testing and neutron
radiology. The authors of this paper contend that, due to the lengthy exposure times and the high cost of suitable generators,
neutron techniques are incapable of satisfying the real time component of this application. Although ultrasonic techniques
are very sensitive to the presence of defects, it is much more difficult to accurately and reliably determine their size. The
authors have found that in light of the highly sensitive nature of ultrasound, it maybe suitable for the application. The paper
also examines x-radiological methods in terms of hardware limitations and techniques used to overcome these problems. In
terms of detecting and evaluating in real time, the extent of defects within thick high density components, the most suitable
techniques have been evaluated.
Synthetic measuring deviation of the cantilever coordinate-measuring machine
Author(s):
David Shu;
Ya-Xun Zhou
Show Abstract
A high precision plate is placed in a quadrant ( I II III IV quadrants) with two posit
ions, and with direction cosines of the machine coordinate axes X,Y,Z. When inpute X, Y ; YZ; or Z, X
values, then there are output Z ; X ; or Y , Therefore,the difference between the output and the
third axis with own component error will be the synthetical measuring deviation.
At present we create a mathematical model to describe the interaction of the error components
and the synthetical measuring deviation. According to this model, we can obtain the error components
from the synthetic deviation.
System design principle of linear CCD applied for measuring parts
Author(s):
Ling-Jing Tang;
Tuqiang Xie
Show Abstract
In this paper, a new noncontact method is introduced in the measurement of part dimension.
Several problems in the system design are analyzed such as the choices of CCD's elements, lens,
irradiator and scan speed as well as their effect on resolution.
KEYWORDS: Image, CCD, Measurement
Testing of a magnetic strip with grey-predicting control
Author(s):
Jingli Zhou;
Rongfeng Yu;
Shuangqing Yuan;
Shengsheng Yu
Show Abstract
Along with the spreading of the magnetic cards in our country, it is necessary to
develop new equipments and methods for manufacture and test of the magnetic card to
ensure that the magnetic card meet the requirements of the ISO standards. The testing
system will worked out do all the test items to the magnetic cards according to the
related test standards made by the ISO TC/97 group. Considering the actuall testing
conditionin factory , we devided the magnetic characteristics testing into special test
and general test
In this paper, the hardwire design and configuation. software functions . working
mode and characteristic of the system are discussed in detail.
Test study of characteristics of precise super miniature magnetoresistive readout transducer
Author(s):
Xiandeng Pei;
Sheng-Hua Zhang;
Yong-Long Zhao
Show Abstract
A new type of magnetoresistive readout transducer is called MR head for short. In order to obtain rational structure parameters
of MR head easily ,the authors have been studying the characteristics of the enlarged model ,which is ten thousand
times the size of MR head. The magnetoresistance ΔR of the enlarged head model is very weak. To measure the weak magnetoresistance
ΔR ,we have designed an effective measuring system. By means of the test ,a set of reasonable structure parameters
has been established.
Theoretical analysis and testing research of vibration isolation system for the scanning tunneling microscope
Author(s):
Hong-Hai Zhang;
Shang-Ping Li;
Gui-Jing Sun;
Hanming Shi;
Ri-Yao Chen
Show Abstract
The main problem encountered in the design of a scanning tunneling microscope is to maintain a precise tipsample
position , which is affected mainly by vibration. This paper describes the design for a vibration isolation
system consisting of spring suspension and a stack of several metallic plates ,separated by rubber elements respectively.
The theoretical analysis and testing research of that is included. In our instruments ,the effect on the
vibration isolation of different values of parameters such as the number of stacks (N) and the mass(M)is analysed,
the good results of antivibration are obtained.
Theory and application of Talbot image symmetry about Fourier spectrum plane
Author(s):
KunTao Yang
Show Abstract
The relation between of Talbot images of a grating and the spectrum plane of a lens is discussed by the Fourier spectrum analysis. It is indicated that the periods of the Talbot images at any equal distance from the spectrum plane are the
same. The theory of Talbot images symmetry about Fourier spectrum plane is described. The spectrum plane is determined
with relative error of 0.04% by using this theory.
Thermal EMF method for monitoring drilling tool wear
Author(s):
Haili Pan;
Bangjian An;
Yu-bao Chen;
Elsayed Orady
Show Abstract
This paper describes a techniQue for on-line monitoring of drilling tool wear based on the thermal EMF (electromotive force)
signal. The EMF signal was obtained from a natural thermocouple consisting of the tool (H. S. S.) and workpiece (AISI 1045)
metals. The natural thermocouple is thus used as a kind of functional sensor which is sensitive to the cutting zone. The signal
was collected and analyzed for three experiments at different cutting conditions. Analysis was carried out in time, frequency
and amplitude domains. Several indices for the EMF signal were computed and their relationships with the tool wear were
constructed. The results showed that the thermal EMF signal can be used to identify the occurrence of abnormal tool wear on
major cutting edges and can indicate the end of tool life. Tool breakage can also be predicted. Consequently, a methodology for
monitoring drilling tool wear can be established.
Three-dimensional vision sensors for autonomous robots
Author(s):
Takashi Uchiyama;
Keizyu Okabayashi;
Jun Wakitani
Show Abstract
A three dimensional measurement system, which is important for developing autonomous
robots is described.
Industrial robots used in today's plants are of the preprogrammed teaching playback type.
It is necessary to develop autonomous robots which can work based on sensor information for
intelligent manufacturing systems. Moreover, practical use of robots which work in unstructured
environments such as outdoors and in space is expected. To realize this, a function to measure
objects and the environment three-dimensionally is a key technology. Additional important requirements
for robotic sensors are real-time processing and compactness.
We have developed smart 3-D vision sensors for the purpose of realizing autonomous robots.
These are two kinds of sensors with different functions corresponding to the application. One is a
slitted light range finder ( SLRF ) to measure stationary objects. The other is a real-time tracking
vision ( RTTV ) which can measure moving objects at high speed.
SLRF uses multiple slitted lights which are generated by a semiconductor laser through an
interference filter and a cylindrical lens. Furthermore, we developed a liquid crystal shutter with
multiple electrodes. We devised a technique to make coded slitted light by putting this shutter in
front of the light source. As a result, using the principle of triangulation, objects can be measured
in three dimensions. In addition, high-speed image input was enabled by projecting multiple slitted
light at the same time. We have confirmed the effectiveness of the SLRF applied to a hand-eye
system using a robot.
Two-layer multiagent method for intelligent diagnosis system
Author(s):
Jin Tu;
Manli Zhou
Show Abstract
Artificial Intelligence(AI), esp. knowledge-based system(KBS) has been applied to maintenance and
diagnosis of electric equipment extensively . Modern intelligent diagnosis system (IDS) is required to
perform test and diagnosis tasks in real time under the condition of host system being running on
dynamically,which gives a great challenge to the construction of such system. The performance
required in constructing IDSs are firstly introduced in this paper, and then a method of realizing two-layer
multi-agent architecture for a real-time intelligent diagnosis system -- RIDE, which takes an aerospace
electric equipment as host system,is discussed in detail.
Two new methods of cylindricity error assessment
Author(s):
Dunhe Cai;
Ying-Hong Weng
Show Abstract
Cylindricity error assessment is a rather difficult problem in form error assessment. There are
already many methods for assessing the cylindricity error, but much is yet to be desired in terms of
precision and efficiency. In this paper, we are going to study two new evaluating methods
sequential unconstrained minimization technique (S.U.M.T) and linear programming (L.P.) to search for
more practical, effective and accurate methods.
Uncertainty of least-square estimation
Author(s):
Zhen-Liang Ding;
Wen-Yi Wang;
Li-Jie Chen
Show Abstract
In the accuracy estimation of the classical least square method, the effect of systematic error has been neglected,
so that it can't fully reveal the credibility of least square estimation. In this paper the authers analyse the
feature of systematic component of uncertainty of the least square estimation and propose a methad to analyse
and synthesize the systematic and random components, so that a complete statement of uncertainty of the least
square esitmation is obtained.
Use of a fiber-optic probe during CO2 laser drilling
Author(s):
Bekir Sami Yilbas;
Ahmet Z. Sahin;
Cebrail Ciftlikli
Show Abstract
The present study examines the effect of plasma on CO2 laser drilling of mild steel samples using oxygen
assisting gas at different pressures. A fiber optic probe was used to detect the plasma on the surface of the
workpiece. Mild steel samples at different thicknesses were used as workpieces. Oxygen was introduced
coaxially with the laser beam.
Using the accelerometer to test the dynamic rotating angular errors of a slewing body
Author(s):
Xue-Jiao Jin;
Zong-Ning Xie;
Xin Sui;
Jian-Hua Yu
Show Abstract
Using the common accelerometer to test the dynamic rotating angular errors of a slewing body is a new method introduced
by the authors in this paper. This method can test the errors generated by the equipment under the working condition
which can not be done by the same kind of test instruments currently. This test instrument is universal , simple
and easy to operate. This article gives the theoretical analysis of the method and the practice testing results of the dynamic
rotating angular errors of the table of type YB- 31 80H hobbing machine , the processing and the analysing of the signals
acquired from this measuring have all been presented.
Using a microcomputer in fault detection
Author(s):
Kun-Li Wen;
John H. Wu
Show Abstract
X-Ray radiography method is a typicial human-visual testing among NDT (nondestructive
testing). Due to the labor's film-identified needs and the long practical experience, the skilled
labors are hard to be trained. Not only the labor's skiliness and spiritness will affect the quality
of the film-identified, hut also the qualtity parameters of flaw (e.g. the size of flaw) cannot be
determined by labor within short time. However, computer vision image processing system can
give some good characteristics ,such as, high speed, quantitative parameters and non-human's
error etc. Developing this system to assist the labor's film-identified will be certainly assuring the
film quality, meanwhile, it will be the most powerful method of on-line flaw testing in the future.
This paper just focuses the research topic at the identification of X-ray film for the butt
welding steel materials1. First, to analize the defect's image model in the X-ray film, then by
the image processing technique to build up the propper edge detecting operator and the edge
detecting rule, and finally, by the derived edge detector operator to do the mask operation to the
X-ray film image, and to detect the flow contour from the segmented defect image for following
identification and classification. In this study, we make use of the fuzzy pattern recognition2 and
hierarchy classifier to identify the welding flaws.
Using the analysis of stress waves to build research for experimentation on ultrasonic film measurement
Author(s):
Shi-Shing Chang;
John H. Wu
Show Abstract
After the 2th world war, although the application of ultrasonic wave in industries is becoming
more and more popular. But due to the restriction of the precise equivelent , experimental method
and the support of the basic theoremsetc. Ultrasonic wave is not applied in precise measurement.
Nowadays due to many conditions - the improvement in the production technic, the precise of
the equivelent, causes to increase the application of ultrasonic wave. But it's still limited due to
the lack of measurement and analysis theorem.
In this paper, first we caculate translation of the stress wave (elastic wave) in material for the
free surface of material by a normal impulse load. as the theorem analysis base in real application.
It is applied to an experiment of film measurement. We can find the partical motion in material
and the arriving time of wave front. Then we can estimate the thickness of layers and can prove
the actual condition with the result of experiment.
This resarch is not only in the theoretical investigation but also in setting overall the measurement
system, and excutes the following three experiments: the thickness measurement of two
layers, the thickness measurement of film material. the thickness measurement of air propagation.
About the data processing, we relied on the frequency analysis to evalute the time difference of two
overlapped ultrasonic wave signal. in the meanwhile. we also designed several computer programs
to assist the sonic wave identification and signal analysis.
Workpiece form accuracy in-process measurement and control system: a discussion of key parts and preliminary experimentation
Author(s):
Xiao-Hui Wang;
Chun-Gang Wang;
Zhe-Jun Yuan;
Guang-Yu Zhang;
Qi Wu
Show Abstract
Precision machining can achieve high levels of accuracy through the use of a highly accurate spindle, straight feed
mechanisms, a rigid base and a single-point diamond tool. Research is underway aimed at achieving even higher levels
of accuracy by adding computers, non-contact sensors and piezoelectric actuators for in-process measurement and control
to the workpiece. Based upon such idea, a workpiece form accuracy in-process measurement and control system is proposed
in this paper. The principle and a few key techniques for the system are discussed and some preliminary experiments are
given in the paper.
Measurement methods for slip-displacement signal registration
Author(s):
Yuri P. Kondratenko
Show Abstract
The present paper deals with the robotic sensing problem by means of slip sensors.
The analysis of the slip displacement signals detection methods developed at the Nickolayev
Shipbuilding Institute is given, some of the sensors schemes and design topics are
discussed, comprehensive attention is also given to their improvements allowing to raise
a speed of response, sensitivity and to extend functional capabilities of the sensors
under consideration,
Symmetrizable connection and combined calibration method for accuracy measurement of CMM
Author(s):
Yetai Fei;
Shao-Feng Xie;
Xia-Huai Chen
Show Abstract
In this paper, a new method of syrmetrizab1e connection and ciribined calibration is presented
based on an analysis of accuracy of the 1Mt The novel measuring principle and succinct mathematical
model are described. By experimental ctparison, the correctness and practicability of the method
are proved.
In order to assess the M,i accuracy and conpensate for errors, all errors should be measured
with high accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, a succinct mathematical model should be
developed. For this reason seeking an efficient measuring method for the IM1 has all along been an
important subject in this field.
All currently used measuring methods for the lMv! have their limitations. To remedy such a
situation, the synmetrizable connection method is presented. It solves current problems of the M1
accuracy verification.
