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Proceedings Paper

DNA looping and cleavage by restriction enzymes studied by manipulation of single DNA molecules with optical tweezers
Author(s): Douglas E. Smith; Gregory J. Gemmen; Rachel Millin
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Paper Abstract

Looping and cleavage of single DNA molecules by the two-site restriction endonuclease Sau3AI were measured with optical tweezers. A DNA template containing many recognition sites was used, permitting loop sizes from ~10 to 10,000 basepairs. At high enzyme concentration cleavage events were detected within 5 seconds and nearly all molecules were cleaved within 5 minutes. Activity decreased ~10-fold as the DNA tension was increased from 0.03 to 0.7 pN. Substituting Ca2+ for Mg2+ blocked cleavage, permitting measurement of stable loops. At low tension, the initial rates of cleavage and looping were similar (~0.025 s-1 at 0.1 pN), suggesting that looping is rate limiting. Short loops formed more rapidly than long loops. The optimum size decreased from ~250 to 45 bp and the average number of loops (in 1 minute) from 4.2 to 0.75 as tension was increased from 0.03 to 0.7 pN. No looping was detected at 5 pN. These findings are in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions considering only DNA mechanics, but we observed weaker suppression with tension and smaller loop sizes. Our results suggest that the span and elasticity of the protein complex and protein-induced DNA bending and wrapping play an important role.

Paper Details

Date Published: 14 September 2006
PDF: 13 pages
Proc. SPIE 6326, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation III, 632625 (14 September 2006); doi: 10.1117/12.681504
Show Author Affiliations
Douglas E. Smith, Univ. of California, San Diego (United States)
Gregory J. Gemmen, Univ. of California, San Diego (United States)
Rachel Millin, Univ. of California, San Diego (United States)


Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 6326:
Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation III
Kishan Dholakia; Gabriel C. Spalding, Editor(s)

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