In this paper, we propose two-dimensional (2-D) frequency modulated (FM) signals for digital watermarking. The hidden information is embedded into an image using the binary phase information of a 2-D FM prototype. The original image is properly partitioned into several blocks. In each block, a 2-D FM watermark waveform is used and the watermark information is embedded using the binary phase. The parameters of the FM watermark are selected in order to achieve low bit error rate (BER) detection of the watermark. Detailed study of performance analysis and parameter optimizations is performed for 2-D chirp signals as an example of 2-D FM waveforms. Experimental results compare the proposed methods and support their effectiveness.

Date Published: 26 October 2004
PDF: 12 pages
Proc. SPIE 5559, Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIV, (26 October 2004); doi: 10.1117/12.558187

Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 5559:
Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIV
Franklin T. Luk, Editor(s)