Proceedings Paper
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Paper Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the CARMENES instrument and of the survey that will be carried out with it
during the first years of operation. CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths
with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument
under construction for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of eleven Spanish
and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is conducting a 600-night exoplanet survey targeting
~ 300 M dwarfs with the completed instrument.
The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate echelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range
from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope.
The spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks providing the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to
enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous calibration with an emission-line lamp or with
a Fabry-Perot etalon. For mid-M to late-M spectral types, the wavelength range around 1.0 μm (Y band) is the
most important wavelength region for radial velocity work. Therefore, the efficiency of CARMENES has been
optimized in this range.
The CARMENES instrument consists of two spectrographs, one equipped with a 4k x 4k pixel CCD for
the range 0.55 - 1.05 μm, and one with two 2k x 2k pixel HgCdTe detectors for the range from 0.95 - 1.7μm.
Each spectrograph will be coupled to the 3.5m telescope with two optical fibers, one for the target, and one
for calibration light. The front end contains a dichroic beam splitter and an atmospheric dispersion corrector,
to feed the light into the fibers leading to the spectrographs. Guiding is performed with a separate camera;
on-axis as well as off-axis guiding modes are implemented. Fibers with octagonal cross-section are employed to
ensure good stability of the output in the presence of residual guiding errors. The fibers are continually actuated
to reduce modal noise. The spectrographs are mounted on benches inside vacuum tanks located in the coud´e
laboratory of the 3.5m dome. Each vacuum tank is equipped with a temperature stabilization system capable
of keeping the temperature constant to within ±0.01°C over 24 hours. The visible-light spectrograph will be
operated near room temperature, while the near-IR spectrograph will be cooled to ~ 140 K.
The CARMENES instrument passed its final design review in February 2013. The MAIV phase is currently
ongoing. First tests at the telescope are scheduled for early 2015. Completion of the full instrument is planned
for the fall of 2015. At least 600 useable nights have been allocated at the Calar Alto 3.5m Telescope for the
CARMENES survey in the time frame until 2018.
A data base of M stars (dubbed CARMENCITA) has been compiled from which the CARMENES sample can
be selected. CARMENCITA contains information on all relevant properties of the potential targets. Dedicated imaging, photometric, and spectroscopic observations are underway to provide crucial data on these stars that
are not available in the literature.
Paper Details
Date Published: 10 July 2014
PDF: 12 pages
Proc. SPIE 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V, 91471F (10 July 2014); doi: 10.1117/12.2056453
Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 9147:
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V
Suzanne K. Ramsay; Ian S. McLean; Hideki Takami, Editor(s)
PDF: 12 pages
Proc. SPIE 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V, 91471F (10 July 2014); doi: 10.1117/12.2056453
Show Author Affiliations
A. Quirrenbach, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
P. J. Amado, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. A. Caballero, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
R. Mundt, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Reiners, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
I. Ribas, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
W. Seifert, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
M. Abril, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Aceituno, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
F. J. Alonso-Floriano, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
M. Ammler-von Eiff, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
R. Antona Jiménez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H. Anwand-Heerwart, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
M. Azzaro, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
F. Bauer, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
D. Barrado, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
S. Becerril, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
V. J. S. Béjar, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
D. Benítez, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
Z. M. Berdiñas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. C. Cárdenas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Casal, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
A. Claret, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Colomé, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
M. Cortés-Contreras, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
S. Czesla, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
M. Doellinger, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
S. Dreizler, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
C. Feiz, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
M. Fernández, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
D. Galadí, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
A. García-Piquer, Institut de Ciéncies de l’Espai (Spain)
M. L. García-Vargas, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
R. Garrido, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
L. Gesa, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
V. Gómez Galera, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
E. González Álvarez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
J. I. González Hernández, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
U. Grözinger, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
J. Guàrdia, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
E. W. Guenther, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
E. de Guindos, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
J. Gutiérrez-Soto, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H.-J. Hagen, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
A. P. Hatzes, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
P. H. Hauschildt, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
J. Helmling, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
T. Henning, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
D. Hermann, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
L. Hernández Castaño, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
E. Herrero, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
D. Hidalgo, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
G. Holgado, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
A. Huber, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
K. F. Huber, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
S. Jeffers, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
V. Joergens, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. de Juan, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
M. Kehr, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
R. Klein, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
M. Kürster, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Lamert, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
S. Lalitha, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
W. Laun, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
U. Lemke, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. Lenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
P. J. Amado, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. A. Caballero, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
R. Mundt, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Reiners, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
I. Ribas, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
W. Seifert, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
M. Abril, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Aceituno, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
F. J. Alonso-Floriano, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
M. Ammler-von Eiff, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
R. Antona Jiménez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H. Anwand-Heerwart, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
M. Azzaro, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
F. Bauer, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
D. Barrado, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
S. Becerril, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
V. J. S. Béjar, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
D. Benítez, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
Z. M. Berdiñas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. C. Cárdenas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Casal, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
A. Claret, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Colomé, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
M. Cortés-Contreras, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
S. Czesla, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
M. Doellinger, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
S. Dreizler, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
C. Feiz, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
M. Fernández, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
D. Galadí, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
A. García-Piquer, Institut de Ciéncies de l’Espai (Spain)
M. L. García-Vargas, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
R. Garrido, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
L. Gesa, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
V. Gómez Galera, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
E. González Álvarez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
J. I. González Hernández, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
U. Grözinger, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
J. Guàrdia, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
E. W. Guenther, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
E. de Guindos, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
J. Gutiérrez-Soto, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H.-J. Hagen, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
A. P. Hatzes, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
P. H. Hauschildt, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
J. Helmling, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
T. Henning, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
D. Hermann, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
L. Hernández Castaño, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
E. Herrero, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Spain)
D. Hidalgo, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
G. Holgado, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
A. Huber, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
K. F. Huber, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
S. Jeffers, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
V. Joergens, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. de Juan, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
M. Kehr, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
R. Klein, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
M. Kürster, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Lamert, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
S. Lalitha, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
W. Laun, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
U. Lemke, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. Lenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
Mauro López del Fresno, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
B. López Martí, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
J. López-Santiago, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
U. Mall, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
H. Mandel, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
E. L. Martín, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
S. Martín-Ruiz, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H. Martínez-Rodríguez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
C. J. Marvin, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. J. Mathar, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. Mirabet, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
D. Montes, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
R. Morales Muñoz, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
A. Moya, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
V. Naranjo, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Ofir, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. Oreiro, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Pallé, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
J. Panduro, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
V.-M. Passegger, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
A. Pérez-Calpena, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
D. Pérez Medialdea, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. Perger, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
M. Pluto, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
A. Ramón, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R. Rebolo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
P. Redondo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
S. Reffert, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
S. Reinhardt, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
P. Rhode, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
H.-W. Rix, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
F. Rodler, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. Rodríguez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
C. Rodríguez-López, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Rodríguez-Pérez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R.-R. Rohloff, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Rosich, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
E. Sánchez-Blanco, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Sanz-Forcada, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
L. F. Sarmiento, Institut für Astrophysik (Germany)
S. Schäfer, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
J. Schiller, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
C. Schmidt, Institut für Astrophysik (Germany)
J. H. M. M. Schmitt, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
E. Solano, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
O. Stahl, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
C. Storz, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
J. Stürmer, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
J. C. Suárez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R. G. Ulbrich, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
G. Veredas, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
K. Wagner, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
J. Winkler, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
M. R. Zapatero Osorio, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
M. Zechmeister, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
F. J. Abellán de Paco, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
G. Anglada-Escudé, Univ. of London (United Kingdom)
C. del Burgo, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (Mexico)
A. Klutsch, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (Italy)
J. L. Lizon, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (Germany)
M. López-Morales, Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
J. C. Morales, LESIA, Observatoire de Paris (France)
M. A. C. Perryman, Univ. College Dublin (Ireland)
S. M. Tulloch, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
W. Xu, Wenli Xu Optical System Engineering (Germany)
B. López Martí, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
J. López-Santiago, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
U. Mall, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
H. Mandel, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
E. L. Martín, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
S. Martín-Ruiz, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
H. Martínez-Rodríguez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
C. J. Marvin, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. J. Mathar, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. Mirabet, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
D. Montes, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
R. Morales Muñoz, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
A. Moya, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
V. Naranjo, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Ofir, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
R. Oreiro, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Pallé, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
J. Panduro, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
V.-M. Passegger, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
A. Pérez-Calpena, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
D. Pérez Medialdea, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. Perger, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
M. Pluto, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
A. Ramón, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R. Rebolo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
P. Redondo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
S. Reffert, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
S. Reinhardt, Calar Alto Observatory (Spain)
P. Rhode, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
H.-W. Rix, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
F. Rodler, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
E. Rodríguez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
C. Rodríguez-López, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
E. Rodríguez-Pérez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R.-R. Rohloff, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
A. Rosich, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (Spain)
E. Sánchez-Blanco, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
J. Sanz-Forcada, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
L. F. Sarmiento, Institut für Astrophysik (Germany)
S. Schäfer, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
J. Schiller, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
C. Schmidt, Institut für Astrophysik (Germany)
J. H. M. M. Schmitt, Hamburger Sternwarte (Germany)
E. Solano, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
O. Stahl, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
C. Storz, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Germany)
J. Stürmer, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
J. C. Suárez, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
R. G. Ulbrich, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
G. Veredas, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
K. Wagner, Landessternwarte Heidelberg (Germany)
J. Winkler, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
M. R. Zapatero Osorio, Ctr. de Astrobiología (Spain)
M. Zechmeister, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (Germany)
F. J. Abellán de Paco, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
G. Anglada-Escudé, Univ. of London (United Kingdom)
C. del Burgo, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (Mexico)
A. Klutsch, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (Italy)
J. L. Lizon, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (Germany)
M. López-Morales, Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)
J. C. Morales, LESIA, Observatoire de Paris (France)
M. A. C. Perryman, Univ. College Dublin (Ireland)
S. M. Tulloch, FRACTAL S.L.N.E (Spain)
W. Xu, Wenli Xu Optical System Engineering (Germany)
Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 9147:
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V
Suzanne K. Ramsay; Ian S. McLean; Hideki Takami, Editor(s)
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