
Proceedings Paper
ZnSe immersion grating in the short NIR regionFormat | Member Price | Non-Member Price |
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Paper Abstract
ZnSe has a high refractive index (n~ 2.45) and low optical loss (< 0.1/cm) from 0.8 to 12 um. Therefore ZnSe immersion
gratings can enable high-resolution spectroscopy over a wide wavelength range. We are developing ZnSe immersion
gratings for a ground-based NIR high-resolution spectrograph WINERED. We previously produced a large prism-shaped
ZnSe immersion grating with a grooved area 50 mm x 58 mm (Ikeda et al. 2010). However, we find two problems as
NIR immersion grating: (i) serious chipping of the grooves, and (ii) inter-order ghosts in the diffraction pattern. We
believed the chipping to be due to micro cracks just beneath surface present prior to diamond machining. Therefore we
removed this damaged region, a few tens of microns thick, by etching the ZnSe grating blank with a mixture of HCl and
HNO3. Ghosts appearing halfway between main diffraction orders originate from small differences in spacing between
odd and even grooves. Apparently the blank shifts repeatably by about 120 nm in the direction orthogonal to the grooves
depending on whether the translation stage holding the blank is moving right to left or left to right. Therefore we remachined
the grating only cutting grooves with the stage moving from right to left. After re-cutting, we also deposit the
Cu coating with an enhanced interface layer of SiO2 on the groove, which is developed in our previous study. We
evaluated the optical performances of this immersion grating. It shows light scattering of 3.8 % at 1μm, no prominent
ghosts, and a spectral resolution of 91,200 at 1 μm. However we measured an absolute diffraction efficiency of only
27.3% for TE and 25.9 % for TM waves at 1.55 μm. A non-immersed measurement of the diffraction efficiency of the
facet blazed near 20º exceeded 60%, much closer to theoretical predictions. We plan to carry out more tests to resolve
this discrepancy.
Paper Details
Date Published: 28 July 2014
PDF: 12 pages
Proc. SPIE 9151, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation, 915144 (28 July 2014); doi: 10.1117/12.2055378
Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 9151:
Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation
Ramón Navarro; Colin R. Cunningham; Allison A. Barto, Editor(s)
PDF: 12 pages
Proc. SPIE 9151, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation, 915144 (28 July 2014); doi: 10.1117/12.2055378
Show Author Affiliations
Yuji Ikeda, Photocoding (Japan)
Koyama Astronomical Obervatory (Japan)
Naoto Kobayashi, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Paul Kuzmenko, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Steve L. Little, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Paul B. Mirkarimi, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Jennifer B. Alameda, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Koyama Astronomical Obervatory (Japan)
Naoto Kobayashi, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Paul Kuzmenko, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Steve L. Little, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Paul B. Mirkarimi, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Jennifer B. Alameda, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (United States)
Sayumi Kaji, Kyoto Sangyo Univ. (Japan)
Yuki Sarugaku, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan)
Chikako Yasui, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Sohei Kondo, Koyama Astronomical Observatory (Japan)
Kei Fukue, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Hideyo Kawakita, Kyoto Sangyo Univ. (Japan)
Yuki Sarugaku, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan)
Chikako Yasui, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Sohei Kondo, Koyama Astronomical Observatory (Japan)
Kei Fukue, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Hideyo Kawakita, Kyoto Sangyo Univ. (Japan)
Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 9151:
Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation
Ramón Navarro; Colin R. Cunningham; Allison A. Barto, Editor(s)
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