Non-invasive tools that allow real-time quantification of molecules relevant to metabolism, homeostasis, and cell signaling in cells and tissue are of great importance for studying physiology. Several microsensor technologies have been developed to monitor concentration of molecules such as ions, oxygen, electroactive molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide), and biomolecules (e.g., sugars, hormones). The major challenges for microsensors are overcoming relatively low sensitivity and low signal-to-noise ratio. Modern approaches for enhancing microsensor performance focus on the incorporation of catalytic nanomaterials to increase sensitivity, reduce response time, and increase operating range. To improve signal-to-noise ratio, a non-invasive microsensor modality called self-referencing (SR) is being applied. The SR technique allows measurement of temporal and spatial transport dynamics at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level.

Date Published: 31 May 2013
PDF: 6 pages
Proc. SPIE 8719, Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology X, 87190N (31 May 2013);

Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8719:
Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology X
Brian M. Cullum; Eric S. McLamore, Editor(s)