The material contained within SPIE Publications is copyrighted by SPIE unless otherwise noted. SPIE grants Users a limited license to download, save, print or copy articles and other content, or portions thereof, solely for research, teaching, and study. However, brief quotations or excerpts may be used in other articles, reviews, blogs, etc., provided they are properly attributed and cited. Altering, selling, redistributing, or republishing articles or other content of SPIE Publications, or any portion of them, in any form or medium, without permission in writing from SPIE is prohibited.
Publishing or distributing links or bookmarks to articles and other content of SPIE Online Publications on other web sites, blogs, bibliographies, etc. is allowed.
By electing to download, save, print, or copy an article or other content from SPIE Online Publications, the User agrees to use this content in a way that conforms to all applicable laws and regulations, and to these Terms of Use.
Please direct inquiries to reprint_permissions@spie.org.
Member Journal Subscriptions
SPIE print and online journal subscriptions acquired by SPIE Members are for the use of the Member only. In addition the Member may not sell or donate print journal copies to any individual or institution. SPIE reserves the right to terminate a Membership and related journal subscriptions if the number of downloads from a Member account suggests that use is in violation of these subscription terms.
Institutions interested in providing access to SPIE Journals to their constituents should purchase an institutional journal subscription or an SPIE Digital Library subscription. For more information see the SPIE Institutional Journals Agreement.