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- Front Matter: Volume 7370
- Novel Developments toward the Clinics
- Techniques for Live Cell Imaging
- New Probes and Contrast Mechanisms for in vivo Imaging
Front Matter: Volume 7370
Front Matter: Volume 7370
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This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7370, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.
Novel Developments toward the Clinics
3D reconstruction of spatially resolved fluorescence data: a diagnostics method
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We propose a cancer diagnostics method using 3D reconstruction of fluorescence based optical
imaging data. The system was tested with analytical simulations. Phantom measurements will be
acquired and compared with the simulations.
Techniques for Live Cell Imaging
Improving FRET detection in living cells
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Unambiguous FRET detection in living cells is often challenging. Here we describe
how the advantages of fluorescence lifetime sensing with FLIM, fluorophore selection, and critical
environmental controls provide better FRET detection.
Concepts for optical high content screens of excitable primary isolated cells for molecular imaging
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Here we describe the cell- and molecular-biological concepts to utilise excitable primary isolated cells, namely
cardiomyocytes, for optical high content screens. This starts with an optimised culture of human adult cardiomyocytes,
allowing culture with diminished dedifferentiation for one week. To allow fluorescence based molecular imaging
genetically encoded biosensors need to be expressed in the cardiomyocytes. For transduction of end-differentiated
primary cells such as neurons or cardiomyocytes, a viral gene transfer is necessary. Several viral systems were balanced
against each other and an adenoviral system proofed to be efficient. This adenoviral transduction was used to express the
calcium sensors YC3.6 and TN-XL in cardiomyocytes. Example measurements of calcium transients were performed by
wide-field video imaging. We discuss the potential application of these cellular and molecular tools in basic research,
cardiac safety screens and personalised diagnostics.
Improving precision in time-gated FLIM for low-light live-cell imaging
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Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) is a molecular imaging technique that is useful for biological
studies in living cells and tissues [1, 2]. When high-intensity light sources such as lasers are used for fluorescence
excitation, it is important to ensure that live-cell systems remain viable and do not become significantly stressed.
Error analysis helps to achieve precision in lifetime determination with low-light live-cell imaging [3-5]. We
have combined error analysis and Monte Carlo simulations to develop a temporal approach to enhance the precision
of time-gated FLIM. This approach can involve both optimal gating and curve fitting. We have compared the
precision associated with various lifetime determination techniques, and then searched parameter space in order to
find optimal gating conditions in terms of minimal achievable relative standard deviation. Precision and accuracy
were investigated via Monte Carlo simulations that included Poisson noise. The results were validated with
fluorescence lifetime standards and fluorescent beads.
Because time-gated FLIM produces images for each gating, another way to improve precision in low-light
FLIM is to utilize spatial information from the gated images to remove noise. Total variation (TV) models are
commonly used denoising algorithms [6, 7]. We have considered several TV denoising models to improve the
precision of lifetime determination with low-light FLIM. These methods remove electronic-related noise from FLIM
images and hence can increase the precision with which the lifetimes are determined.
Since the temporal and spatial methods apply to different dimensions, we assume that they work independently
and their precision improvements are additive. We test this assumption when the pixel-to-pixel variation due to
noise in one image is high enough to cause possible unexpected nonlinear effects. We demonstrate that the precision
improvements from the temporal and spatial techniques are independent and additive in a regime pertinent to livecell
FLIM studies.
New Probes and Contrast Mechanisms for in vivo Imaging
Image segmentation for biomedical applications based on alternating sequential filtering and watershed transformation
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One of the major challenges in biomedical imaging is the extraction of quantified information from the acquired images.
Light and tissue interaction leads to the acquisition of images that present inconsistent intensity profiles and thus the
accurate identification of the regions of interest is a rather complicated process. On the other hand, the complex
geometries and the tangent objects that very often are present in the acquired images, lead to either false detections or to
the merging, shrinkage or expansion of the regions of interest. In this paper an algorithm, which is based on alternating
sequential filtering and watershed transformation, is proposed for the segmentation of biomedical images. This algorithm
has been tested over two applications, each one based on different acquisition system, and the results illustrate its
accuracy in segmenting the regions of interest.
Dual-modality molecular imaging for small animals using fluorescence and x-ray computed tomography
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We demonstrate the feasibility of using a dual-modality fluorescence and x-ray computed tomography (CT)
system for quantitative molecular imaging with phantom studies. A CCD based non-contact FT system,
which can take measurements from multiple views was built.
High-resolution X-Ray CT was used to obtain
structural information from the phantom. A 3.6 mm diameter fluorescence inclusion was deeply embedded
in the heterogeneous optical background. The results demonstrated that the fluorophore concentration can
only be obtained accurately when guided by the a priori information provided by the x-ray CT.
Hybrid fluorescence tomography/x-ray tomography improves reconstruction quality
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A novel hybrid imaging system for simultaneous X-ray and Fluorescence Tomography
is presented, capitalizing on 360°-projection free-space fluorescence tomography. The system is
implemented within a commercial micro-CT scanner allowing reconstructions with a resolution of
95μm. Acquired data sets are intrinsically coregistered in the same coordinate system and can be
used to correctly localize reconstructed fluorescence distributions with morphological features.
More importantly, the micro-CT data, automatically segmented into different organ and tissue
segments can be used to guide the fluorescence reconstruction algorithm and reduce the ill coditioning
of the inverse problem. We showcase the use of the system and the improvements in
image quality for lesions in brain and lung.